Functional Optical Fiber Sensors Detecting Imperceptible Physical/Chemical Changes for Smart Batteries

The battery technology progress has been a contradictory process in which performance improvement and hidden risks coexist.Now the battery is still a“black box”,thus requiring a deep understanding of its internal state.The battery should“sense its internal physical/chemical conditions”,which puts strict requirements on embedded sensing parts.This paper summarizes the application of advanced optical fiber sensors in lithium-ion batteries and energy storage technologies that may be mass deployed,focuses on the insights of advanced optical fiber sensors into the processes of one-dimensional nano-micro-level battery material structural phase transition,electrolyte degradation,electrode-electrolyte interface dynamics to three-dimensional macro-safety evolution.The paper contributes to understanding how to use optical fiber sensors to achieve“real”and“embedded”monitoring.Through the inherent advantages of the advanced optical fiber sensor,it helps clarify the battery internal state and reaction mechanism,aiding in the establishment of more detailed models.These advancements can promote the development of smart batteries,with significant importance lying in essentially promoting the improvement of system consistency.Furthermore,with the help of smart batteries in the future,the importance of consistency can be weakened or even eliminated.The application of advanced optical fiber sensors helps comprehensively improve the battery quality,reliability,and life.

Research on Features and Applications of Jadeite Jewelryand Product in Tengchong,China

Tengchong,an ancient border town located in southwest China,has more than 500years of history in the trading and processing of jadeite.It is an important distribution center for jadeite and the birthplace of China’s jadeite culture.Tengchong has three key advantages:location,culture and history,and is able to integrate local culture to form the unique style of“Yunnan Jade Carving”.This article combines physical objects with related results of previous studies,based on the different usage and functions of jadeite jewelry and products in Tengchong,in order to analyze and summarize their classification and application.The four aspects of pattern,material,colour and technique are also been analyzed,as well as the linguistic features of jadeite jewelry and products in Tengchong,with the hope of providing ideas and references for the creation of modern jadeite jewelry.

Mass‑Spring‑Damping Theory Based Equivalent Mechanical Model for Cylindrical Lithium‑ion Batteries under Mechanical Abuse

An equivalent mechanical model with the equivalent physical meaning of mass-spring-damping is proposed for cylindrical lithium-ion batteries through experiments and theory.The equivalent mechanical model of a cylindrical lithium-ion battery consists of a spring-damping parallel unit.Therefore,a spring-damping parallel unit connecting a damping unit in series is selected to construct the constitutive characteristics of the battery under mechanical abuse.Comparison results show that the equivalent mechanical model can more effectively describe the mechanical properties of the batteries than most cubic fitting models,of which the average relative error of the equivalent mechanical model under different states-of-charge is less than 6.75%.Combined with the proposed equivalent mechanical model,the failure process of the batteries was simulated and analyzed using LS-Dyna and HyperWorks.Under rigid rod tests,failure occurred at the core and bottom of the batteries;under hemispherical punch tests,failure occurred at the core and top,consistent with the experimental results.The average prediction error for the failure displacement under different abuse conditions is less than 4%in the simulations.The equivalent mechanical model requires only a few parameters and can be recognized easily.In the future,the model can be used in safety warning devices based on mechanical penetration.

给待遇还是多培养?激励理论视角下人才政策对企业家创新精神的影响

在创新驱动发展的大背景下,为弘扬企业家精神,各级政府出台了针对性的人才政策,但鲜有微观层面的研究检验人才政策是否促进了企业家精神。结合多种激励理论的不同观点,本研究探讨“待遇保障”和“发展培养”两类人才政策对企业家创新精神的影响,以及工作动机和感知的宏观社会支持在这一影响过程中的作用。通过对福建省212名企业家的问卷调查数据进行统计分析,结果表明:发展培养类政策对企业家创新精神有显著的正向影响,认同调节动机在其中起中介作用;而待遇保障类政策对企业家创新精神的直接作用不显著,但内摄调节动机在二者间起中介作用;感知的宏观社会支持正向调节了待遇保障类政策与内摄调节动机之间的关系,同时也调节了内摄调节动机在待遇保障类政策和企业家创新精神之间所起的中介作用。研究结论揭示了我国独具特色的人才政策作为一种外部激励对动机和企业家创新精神的影响机制,同时丰富了微观层面的人才政策成效研究和企业家精神前因研究,为政府完善和创新企业家激励政策提供了理论依据。研究建议政府和企业进一步完善企业家培训体系,创造支持企业家自主发展的市场环境,营造认同企业家创新创业的社会环境。

Metamodel-Based Multi-Objective Reliable Optimization for Front Structure of Electric Vehicle

In this paper,a multi-objective reliable optimization(MORO)procedure for the front body of an electric vehicle is proposed and compared with determinate multi-objective optimization(DMOO).The energy absorption and peak crash force of the simplified vehicle model under the full-lap frontal impact condition are used as the design objectives,with the weighted sum of the basic frequency,the first-order torsional and bending frequencies of the full-size vehicle model,and the weight of the front body taken as the constraints.The thicknesses of nine components on the front body are defined as design variables,and their geometric tolerances determine the uncertainty factor.The most accurate metamodel using the polynomial response surface,kriging,and a radial basis function is selected to model four design criteria during optimization,allowing the efficiency improvement to be computed.Monte Carlo simulations are adopted to handle the probability constraints,and multi-objective particle swarm optimization is employed as the solver.The MORO results indicate reliability levels of R=100%,demonstrating the significant enhancement in reliability of the front body over that given by DMOO,and reliable design schemes and proposals are provided for further study.

Heating Lithium-Ion Batteries at Low Temperatures for Onboard Applications:Recent Progress,Challenges and Prospects

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are commonly used in electric vehicles(EVs)due to their good performance,long lifecycle,and environmentally friendly merits.Heating LIBs at low temperatures before operation is vitally important to protect the battery from serious capacity degradation and safety hazards.This paper reviews recent progress on heating methods that can be used onboard.The existing methods are divided into two categories,namely external heating methods and internal heating methods,mechanisms,advantages and limitations of each method are systematically reviewed.Then,the rates of temperature rise,energy consumptions,and maximum temperature gradient of different methods are quantitatively summa-rized to compare the heating performances of each method.In addition,features related to the onboard application of each method are qualitatively compared,which is essential for the rapid cold start of EVs in frigid weather.Finally,prospects of external and internal heating methods are given.This paper aims to provide researchers and engineers with guidelines about how to select a method based on their requirements and application environments.

Review of In‑Vehicle Optical Fiber Communication Technology

With the continuous development of automotive intelligent networking and autonomous driving technologies,the number of in-vehicle electronic systems and applications is increasing rapidly.This change increases the amount of data to be transmitted in the vehicle and puts forward further requirements of higher speed and safety for in-vehicle communication.Traditional vehicle bus technologies are no longer sufficient to meet today’s high-speed transmission requirements,in which copper cables are used extensively,resulting in serious electromagnetic interference(EMI).Vehicle optical fiber communication technology,besides greatly improving the data transmission rate,has the advantages of anti-EMI,reducing cable space and vehicle mass.This paper first presents the motivation of applying vehicle optical fiber communication technology and reviews the development history of vehicle optical fiber communication technology.Then,the paper researches the devel-opment trend of automotive electrical and electronic architecture(EEA),from distributed EEA to domain centralized EEA and zone-oriented EEA.Based on the discussion of the development trend of automotive EEA,an EEA based on vehicle optical fiber communication technology is proposed.Finally,the key points and future directions of vehicle optical fiber communication technology research are highlighted,including vehicle multi-mode optical fiber technology,vehicle optical fiber network protocol,and topology.

Review of Electrical and Electronic Architectures for Autonomous Vehicles:Topologies,Networking and Simulators

With the rapid development of autonomous vehicles,more and more functions and computing requirements have led to the continuous centralization in the topology of electrical and electronic(E/E)architectures.While certain Tier1 suppliers,such as BOSCH,have previously proposed a serial roadmap for E/E architecture development,implemented since 2015 with significant contributions to the automotive industry,lingering misconceptions and queries persist in actual engineering processes.Notably,there are concerns regarding the perspective of zone-oriented E/E architectures,characterized by zonal concentration,as successors to domain-oriented E/E architectures,known for functional concentration.Addressing these misconceptions and queries,this study introduces a novel parallel roadmap for E/E architecture development,concurrently evaluating domain-oriented and zone-oriented schemes.Furthermore,the study explores hybrid E/E architectures,amalgamating features from both paradigms.To align with the evolution of E/E architectures,networking technologies must adapt correspondingly.The networking mechanisms pivotal in E/E architecture design are comprehensively discussed.Additionally,the study delves into modeling and verification tools pertinent to E/E architecture topologies.In conclusion,the paper outlines existing challenges and unresolved queries in this domain.