Pancreaticβcells differentiated from stem cells provide promise for cell replacement therapy of diabetes.Human pluripotent stem cells could be differentiated into definitive endoderm,followed by pancreatic progenitor...Pancreaticβcells differentiated from stem cells provide promise for cell replacement therapy of diabetes.Human pluripotent stem cells could be differentiated into definitive endoderm,followed by pancreatic progenitors,and then subjected to endocrinal differentiation and maturation in a stepwise fashion.Many achievements have been made in making pancreaticβcells from human pluripotent stem cells in last two decades,and a couple of phase I/II clinical trials have just been initiated.Here,we overview the major progresses in differentiating pancreaticβcells from human pluripotent stem cells with the focus on recent technical advances in each differentiation stage,and briefly discuss the current limitations as well.展开更多
Background and Aims:Previous studies reported that serum resistin levels were remarkably changed in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)but the conclusions were inconsistent.The aim of this study was ...Background and Aims:Previous studies reported that serum resistin levels were remarkably changed in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)but the conclusions were inconsistent.The aim of this study was to investigate accurate serum resistin levels in adult patients with NAFLD.Methods:A complete literature research was conducted in the PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane Library databases,and all the available studies up to 7 May 2020 were reviewed.The pooled standardized mean difference(SMD)values were calculated to investigate the serum resistin levels in patients with NAFLD and healthy controls.Results:A total of 28 studies were included to investigate the serum resistin levels in patients with NAFLD.Patients with NAFLD had higher serum resistin levels than controls(SMD=0.522,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.004–1.040,I2=95.9%).Patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)had lower serum resistin levels than the healthy controls(SMD=−0.44,95%CI:−0.83–0.55,I2=74.5%).In addition,no significant difference of serum resistin levels was observed between patients with NAFL and healthy controls(SMD=−0.34,95%CI:−0.91–0.23,I2=79.6%)and between patients with NAFL and NASH(SMD=0.15,95%CI:−0.06–0.36,I2=0.00%).Furthermore,subgroup and sensitivity analyses suggested that heterogeneity did not affect the results of meta-analysis.Conclusions:This meta-analysis investigated the serum resistin levels in adult patients with NAFLD comprehensively.Patients with NAFLD had higher serum resistin levels and patients with NASH had lower serum resistin levels than healthy controls.Serum resistin could serve as a potential biomarker to predict the development risk of NAFLD.展开更多
Metamodels have been widely used as an alternative for expensive physical experiments or complex,time-consuming computational simulations to provide a fast but accurate analysis.However,challenge remains in the prior ...Metamodels have been widely used as an alternative for expensive physical experiments or complex,time-consuming computational simulations to provide a fast but accurate analysis.However,challenge remains in the prior determination of the most suitable metamodel for a particular case because of the lack of information about the actual behavior of a system.In addition,existing studies on metamodels have largely restricted on solving deterministic problems(e.g.,data from finite element models),whereas some real-life engineering problems(e.g.,data from physical experiment)are stochastic problems with noisy data.In this work,a robust ensemble of metamodels(EMs)is proposed by combining three regression stand-alone metamodels in a weighted sum form.The weight factor is adaptively determined according to the hybrid error metric,which combines global and local error measures to improve the accuracy of the EMs.Furthermore,three typical individual metamodels that can filter noise are selected to construct the EMs to extend their application in practical engineering problems.Three well-known benchmark problems with different levels of noise and three engineering problems are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed EMs.Results show that the proposed EMs have higher accuracy and robustness than the individual metamodels and other typical EMs in major cases.展开更多
Background and Aims:Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previous studies have suggested that TCF7L2 rs7903146 was relat...Background and Aims:Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previous studies have suggested that TCF7L2 rs7903146 was related to the risk of developing NAFLD but the conclusions are not consistent and no related study has been conducted in Chinese populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the association be-tween TCF7L2 rs7903146 and the risk of developing NAFLD and CAD in a Chinese Han population. Methods: TCF7L2 rs7903146 genotypes were measured by the MALDI-TOF-MS from 143 NAFLD patients, 159 CAD patients, 131 NAFLD+ CAD patients, and 212 healthy controls. The demographic data and serum lipid profiles of all subjects were collected. The distributions of genotype and allele frequency in each group were also tested. Logistic regression was used to inves-tigate the risk of TCF7L2 rs7903146 with NAFLD and CAD. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 23.0. Results: There were no significant differences in the distri-butions of TCF7L2 rs7903146 genotype and allele frequency in each of the two groups, and the TCF7L2 rs7903146 CT+TT genotype did not increase the risk of developing NAFLD, CAD, and NAFLD+CAD. Except for body mass index in the control group, the differences of clinical parameters between the TCF7L2 rs7903146 T allele carriers and non-carriers in each group were not significant. In the non-obese group, the TCF7L2 rs7903146 CT+TT genotype was a protective factor for the development of NAFLD in the non-obese subjects (odds ratio=0.359, 95% confidence interval: 0.134-0.961, p = 0.041). Conclusions: TCF7L2 rs7903146 was not associated with the risk of developing NAFLD, CAD, and NAFLD + CAD in the Chinese Han population. In the non-obese population, the TCF7L2 rs7903146 CT + TT genotype was a protective factor against the development of NAFLD.展开更多
Following publication of the original article(Jin&Jiang,2022),it was reported that the word“financial”needs to be removed from the Competing interests section.The original sentence was:The authors declare no com...Following publication of the original article(Jin&Jiang,2022),it was reported that the word“financial”needs to be removed from the Competing interests section.The original sentence was:The authors declare no competing financial interests.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91740102)the Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province(2021CFA049)+1 种基金Health Commission of Hubei Province scientific research project(WJ2021Q029)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China(2042021kf0207).
文摘Pancreaticβcells differentiated from stem cells provide promise for cell replacement therapy of diabetes.Human pluripotent stem cells could be differentiated into definitive endoderm,followed by pancreatic progenitors,and then subjected to endocrinal differentiation and maturation in a stepwise fashion.Many achievements have been made in making pancreaticβcells from human pluripotent stem cells in last two decades,and a couple of phase I/II clinical trials have just been initiated.Here,we overview the major progresses in differentiating pancreaticβcells from human pluripotent stem cells with the focus on recent technical advances in each differentiation stage,and briefly discuss the current limitations as well.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31770837)which plays a significant role in the design of the study and data collection,analysis nor interpretation,nor in the writing of the manuscript.
文摘Background and Aims:Previous studies reported that serum resistin levels were remarkably changed in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)but the conclusions were inconsistent.The aim of this study was to investigate accurate serum resistin levels in adult patients with NAFLD.Methods:A complete literature research was conducted in the PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane Library databases,and all the available studies up to 7 May 2020 were reviewed.The pooled standardized mean difference(SMD)values were calculated to investigate the serum resistin levels in patients with NAFLD and healthy controls.Results:A total of 28 studies were included to investigate the serum resistin levels in patients with NAFLD.Patients with NAFLD had higher serum resistin levels than controls(SMD=0.522,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.004–1.040,I2=95.9%).Patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)had lower serum resistin levels than the healthy controls(SMD=−0.44,95%CI:−0.83–0.55,I2=74.5%).In addition,no significant difference of serum resistin levels was observed between patients with NAFL and healthy controls(SMD=−0.34,95%CI:−0.91–0.23,I2=79.6%)and between patients with NAFL and NASH(SMD=0.15,95%CI:−0.06–0.36,I2=0.00%).Furthermore,subgroup and sensitivity analyses suggested that heterogeneity did not affect the results of meta-analysis.Conclusions:This meta-analysis investigated the serum resistin levels in adult patients with NAFLD comprehensively.Patients with NAFLD had higher serum resistin levels and patients with NASH had lower serum resistin levels than healthy controls.Serum resistin could serve as a potential biomarker to predict the development risk of NAFLD.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFD0400405)。
文摘Metamodels have been widely used as an alternative for expensive physical experiments or complex,time-consuming computational simulations to provide a fast but accurate analysis.However,challenge remains in the prior determination of the most suitable metamodel for a particular case because of the lack of information about the actual behavior of a system.In addition,existing studies on metamodels have largely restricted on solving deterministic problems(e.g.,data from finite element models),whereas some real-life engineering problems(e.g.,data from physical experiment)are stochastic problems with noisy data.In this work,a robust ensemble of metamodels(EMs)is proposed by combining three regression stand-alone metamodels in a weighted sum form.The weight factor is adaptively determined according to the hybrid error metric,which combines global and local error measures to improve the accuracy of the EMs.Furthermore,three typical individual metamodels that can filter noise are selected to construct the EMs to extend their application in practical engineering problems.Three well-known benchmark problems with different levels of noise and three engineering problems are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed EMs.Results show that the proposed EMs have higher accuracy and robustness than the individual metamodels and other typical EMs in major cases.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770837).
文摘Background and Aims:Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previous studies have suggested that TCF7L2 rs7903146 was related to the risk of developing NAFLD but the conclusions are not consistent and no related study has been conducted in Chinese populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the association be-tween TCF7L2 rs7903146 and the risk of developing NAFLD and CAD in a Chinese Han population. Methods: TCF7L2 rs7903146 genotypes were measured by the MALDI-TOF-MS from 143 NAFLD patients, 159 CAD patients, 131 NAFLD+ CAD patients, and 212 healthy controls. The demographic data and serum lipid profiles of all subjects were collected. The distributions of genotype and allele frequency in each group were also tested. Logistic regression was used to inves-tigate the risk of TCF7L2 rs7903146 with NAFLD and CAD. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 23.0. Results: There were no significant differences in the distri-butions of TCF7L2 rs7903146 genotype and allele frequency in each of the two groups, and the TCF7L2 rs7903146 CT+TT genotype did not increase the risk of developing NAFLD, CAD, and NAFLD+CAD. Except for body mass index in the control group, the differences of clinical parameters between the TCF7L2 rs7903146 T allele carriers and non-carriers in each group were not significant. In the non-obese group, the TCF7L2 rs7903146 CT+TT genotype was a protective factor for the development of NAFLD in the non-obese subjects (odds ratio=0.359, 95% confidence interval: 0.134-0.961, p = 0.041). Conclusions: TCF7L2 rs7903146 was not associated with the risk of developing NAFLD, CAD, and NAFLD + CAD in the Chinese Han population. In the non-obese population, the TCF7L2 rs7903146 CT + TT genotype was a protective factor against the development of NAFLD.
文摘Following publication of the original article(Jin&Jiang,2022),it was reported that the word“financial”needs to be removed from the Competing interests section.The original sentence was:The authors declare no competing financial interests.
