Catch organism assemblages along artificial reefs area and adjacent waters in Haizhou Bay

To better understand the community patterns mediated by connectivity in artificial reefs of coastal areas, it is necessary to understand the distribution and coexistence of organisms with artificial reefs area and adjacent waters. This study was conducted to examine main catches assemblages collected by trawls in Haizhou Bay,which included five habitats: the artificial reef area(AR), aquaculture area(AA), natural area(NA), estuary area(EA) and comprehensive effect area(CEA). The result shows that the total abundances of species in the five habitats were highly different(univariate PERMANOVA: P = 0.001, n = 24), but some species were also unique in their habitat(e.g. Scapharca subcrenata and Glossaulax didyma in AA). The body size distribution of specific species between habitats are different. For Collichthys lucidus, their body size in AR(14.63 cm ± 1.64 cm) and EA(14.3 cm ± 0.85 cm) is higher than that in NA(10.65 cm ± 1.64 cm), CEA(11.28 cm ± 1.85 cm) and AA(12.1 cm ±0.43 cm), which indicates the potential connection from AR to EA mediated by their adult population. We concluded that artificial reefs in AR can be considered key components that have the ability to support species assemblages in adjacent habitats. This study has implications for the conservation and monitoring of species assemblages in coastal areas in terms of that artificial reefs can be applied in different stages of habitat protection implementation and in different combinations of scenarios.

Abemaciclib抑制c-Myc高表达小细胞肺癌增殖、侵袭和迁移的生物学功能的研究

背景与目的 c-Myc高表达小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer, SCLC)因易复发转移导致患者生存率极低,细胞周期依赖性激酶4和6(cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6, CDK4/6)抑制剂Abemaciclib在多种肿瘤的治疗中均起到关键作用,但其对SCLC的作用及机制仍不明晰。本研究旨在分析Abemaciclib抑制c-Myc高表达的SCLC增殖、侵袭和迁移的作用和分子机制,以期为减少患者的复发和转移拓展新的方向。方法 通过STRING数据库分析了CDK4/6和c-Myc蛋白相互作用网络,免疫组化实验分析了31例SCLC癌组织和配对的相邻正常组织中CDK4/6及c-Myc的表达,CCK-8实验和平板克隆实验检测Abemaciclib对SCLC增殖的影响,Transwell及划痕实验检测Abemaciclib对SCLC的侵袭和迁移能力的影响,Western blot检测Abemaciclib对CDK4/6及相关转录因子的影响,流式细胞术分析了Abemaciclib对SCLC的细胞周期和免疫检查点的调节作用。结果 通过STRING蛋白相互作用网络分析发现CDK4/6的表达均与c-Myc相关,c-Myc可以直接调节ASCL1(achaete-scute complex homolog 1)、NEUROD1(neuronal differentiation 1)和Yes相关蛋白1(Yes-associated protein 1, YAP1)的表达,CDK4和c-Myc均调控程序性死亡配体1(programmed cell death ligand 1, PD-L1)的表达。通过免疫组化实验发现,CDK4/6及c-Myc在SCLC癌组织中的表达高于癌旁组织(P<0.0001)。CCK-8实验、平板克隆实验、Transwell实验及划痕实验验证了Abemaciclib可以有效地抑制SBC-2和H446OE的增殖、侵袭和迁移(P<0.0001)。Western blot进一步分析了Abemaciclib在抑制SBC-2和H446OE细胞内CDK4(P<0.05)和CDK6(P<0.05)的同时,也影响了c-Myc(P<0.05)、ASCL1(P<0.05)、NEUROD1(P<0.05)和YAP1(P<0.05)等与SCLC浸润和转移相关的蛋白。流式细胞术发现Abemaciclib不仅抑制SCLC的细胞周期进程(P<0.0001),还可以提高SBC-2(P<0.01)和H446OE(P<0.001)细胞表面PD-L1的表达。结论 Abemaciclib明显抑制SCLC的增殖、侵袭、迁移和细胞周期进程,其通过抑制CDK4/6下调c-Myc、ASCL1、YAP1和NEUROD1蛋白表达的同时,也提高了PD-L1的表达。

Biological factors controlling starch digestibility in human digestive system

Starch digestion rate and location in the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)are critical for human health.This review aims to present a comprehensive summary on our current understanding of physiological,biochemical,anatomical and geometrical factors of human digestive system that are related to in vivo starch digestibility.It is shown that all digestive compartments including mouth,stomach,small intestine,and large intestine play critical roles in regulating the overall starch digestion process.A proper investigation of starch digestion pattern should thus be based on the consideration of all these compartments.Main biological factors are summarized as oral mastication and salivation,gastric emptying and motility,small intestinal enzymes and motility,large intestinal resistant starch(RS)-microbiota interactions and gut-brain feedback control,as well as glucose adsorption and hormonal feedback control.However,connections among these biological factors in determining starch digestive behaviors remain elusive.This is due to the inherent complexity of human GIT anatomy,motility and biochemical conditions,as well as ethical,financial and technical issues in conducting clinical studies.Much technological and scientific efforts from both clinical studies and in vitro simulation models are required for a better understanding of in vivo starch digestion behaviors.

Memory stem T cells generated by Wnt signaling from blood of human renal clear cell carcinoma patients

Objective: Memory stem T cells(Tscm) have attracted attention because of their enhanced self-renewal, multipotent capacity, and anti-tumor capacities. However, little is known about Tscm in patients with renal clear cell carcinoma(RCC) and the role of Wnt signaling in these cells. We evaluated Tscm from RCC patients concerning their activation of Wnt signaling in vitro and explored the mechanism of preferential survival.Methods: Flow cytometry identified surface markers and cytokines produced from accumulated Tscm in the presence of the glycogen synthase kinase beta inhibitor TWS119. Apoptosis was evaluated after induction using tumor necrosis factor-alpha.Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses were used to investigate the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-КB)pathway.Results: RCC patients had a similar percentage of CD4^+ and CD8^+ Tscm as healthy donors. Activation of Wnt signaling by TWS119 resulted in the accumulation of Tscm in activated T cells, but reversal of differentiated T cells to Tscm was not achieved.Preferential survival of Tscm was associated with increased anti-apoptotic ability mediated downstream of the NF-КB activation pathway.Conclusions: The finding that Tscm can accumulate by Wnt signaling in vitro in blood from RCC patients will help in devising new cancer therapy strategies of Tscm-based adoptive immunotherapy, such as dendritic cell-stimulated Tscm, and T cell receptor or chimeric antigen receptor-engineered Tscm.

Investigating cooked rice textural properties by instrumental measurements

Foods wherein the starch is slowly digested contribute to good health by reducing the tendency to,and for the maintenance of,diabetes,obesity and colo-rectal cancers.While foods with high amylose content have this desirable property,they usually do not have high sensory appeal and consumers are reluctant to eat them.While sensory evaluation by trained human panelists is the best way to obtain consumer preferences,these tests are expensive,time-consuming and require considerable effort and care.Instrumental measurements are easier,cheaper and invaluable for screening,but only useful if they correlate with human data for the type of food being considered.Here,we test this using cooked rice with a wide range of amylose contents.Functional properties were correlated against quantitative descriptive panelist analysis.Swelling power and breakdown viscosity correlated with all panelist sensory attributes,but no other correlations with gelatinization properties were observed.There was a strong correlation between hardness and stickiness measured by texture profile analysis(TPA)and by panelists,suggesting that TPA can be used to measure hardness and stickiness of cooked rice.We also showed that breakdown viscosity is a reliable instrumental means to provide indicative measurements of hardness and rice preference,and swelling power is a predictor of rice stickiness.

The prognostic landscape of genes and infiltrating immune cells in cytokine induced killer cell treated-lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma

Objective:Patients with non–small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)respond differently to cytokine-induced killer cell(CIK)treatment.Therefore,potential prognostic markers to identify patients who would benefit from CIK treatment must be elucidated.The current research aimed at identifying predictive prognostic markers for efficient CIK treatment of patients with NSCLC.Methods:Patients histologically diagnosed with NSCLC were enrolled from the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital.We performed whole-exome sequencing(WES)on the tumor tissues and paired adjacent benign tissues collected from 50 patients with NSCLC,and RNA-seq on tumor tissues of 17 patients with NSCLC before CIK immunotherapy treatment.Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to analyze the association between clinical parameters and prognostic relevance.WES and RNA-seq data between lung squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)and adenocarcinoma(Aden)were analyzed and compared.Results:The pathology subtype of lung cancer was the most significantly relevant clinical parameter associated with DFS,as analyzed by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression(P=0.031).The patients with lung SCC showed better CIK treatment efficacy and extended DFS after CIK treatment.Relatively low expression of HLA class II genes and checkpoint molecules,and less immunosuppressive immune cell infiltration were identified in the patients with lung SCC.Conclusions:Coordinated suppression of the expression of HLA class II genes and checkpoint molecules,as well as less immune suppressive cell infiltration together contributed to the better CIK treatment efficacy in lung SCC than lung Aden.

Morphine-3-glucuronide upregulates PD-L1 expression via TLR4 and promotes the immune escape of non-small cell lung cancer

Objective:Patients with cancer pain are highly dependent on morphine analgesia,but studies have shown a negative correlation between morphine demand and patient outcomes.The long-term use of morphine may result in abnormally elevated serum morphine-3-glucuronide(M3G)levels.Hence,the effects of M3G on tumor progression are worth studying.Methods:The effects of M3G on PD-L1 expressions in human non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)cell lines were first evaluated.Activation of TLR4 downstream pathways after M3G treatment was then determined by Western blot.The effects of M3G on human cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTL)cytotoxicity and INF-γrelease was also detected.Finally,the LLC murine lung adenocarcinoma cell line were used to establish a murine lung cancer model,and the effects of M3G on tumor growth and metastasis were determined.Results:M3G promoted the expressions of PD-L1 in the A549 and H1299 cell lines in a TLR4-dependent manner(P<0.05).M3G activated the PI3 K and the NFκB signaling pathways,and this effect was antagonized by a TLR4 pathway inhibitor.A PI3 K pathway inhibitor reversed the M3G-mediated PD-L1 upregulation.M3G inhibited the cytotoxicity of CTL on A549 cells and decreased the level of INF-γ.Repeated M3G intraperitoneal injections promoted LLC tumor growth and lung metastasis through the upregulation of tumor expressed PD-L1 and the reduction of CTL in the tumor microenvironment.Conclusions:M3G specifically activated TLR4 in NSCLC cells and upregulated PD-L1 expression through the PI3 K signaling pathway,thereby inhibiting CTL cytotoxicity and finally promoting tumor immune escape.

EZH2 identifies the precursors of human natural killer cells with trained immunity

Objective:Trained immunity of natural killer(NK)cells has shown great potential in the treatment of cancers by eliciting enhanced effector responses to restimulation by cytokines or cancer cells for long time periods after preactivation.However,the human NK cells responsible for the generation and maintenance of trained immunity are largely unknown.We hypothesized that heterogeneous human NK cells would respond differentially to stimulation with a combination of IL-12,IL-15,and IL-18,and that an NK cell subset might exist that is mainly responsible for the induction of trained immunity.On the basis of our hypothesis,we aimed to identify the subset from which cytokine-trained human NK cells originate and to explore possible regulatory targets for drug intervention.Methods:Flow cytometry assays were performed to analyze the functions of cytokine-trained NK cells and examine cell division and protein expression in NK cell subsets.Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)plus TotalSeq™technology was used to track the heterogeneity of NK cells during the induction of trained immunity.Results:Traditional developmental markers for peripheral NK cells were unable to identify the precursors of human NK cells with trained immunity.Therefore,we used scRNA-seq plus TotalSeq™technology to track the heterogeneity of NK cells during the induction of trained immunity and identified a unique cluster of CD57−NKG2A+EZH2+IFNG+MKI67+IL12R+IL15R+IL18R+NK cells.Enrichment and pseudotime trajectory analyses suggested that this cluster of NK cells contained the precursor of trained NK cells.We then used flow cytometry to further investigate the role of EZH2 in trained NK precursors and found that CD57−NKG2A+EZH2+NK cells had faster cell cycles and an enhanced trained phenotype,and EZH2 inhibition significantly impaired the induction of trained immunity in NK cells.These results suggested that EZH2 is a unique epigenetic marker of precursors of human NK cells with trained immunity.Conclusions:Our work revealed human NK heterogeneity in the induction of trained immunity,identified the precursor subset for trained NK cells,and demonstrated the critical role of EZH2 in the induction of trained immunity in human NK cells.

Modern Ecological Chicken Raising and Its Research Progress

Modern ecological breeding has the characteristics of protecting the ecological environment,health,nutrition,delicious,and so on.In the ecological breeding of traditional breeding chicken,using non antibiotic breeding,traditional Chinese medicine and other breeding technologies can not only obtain green,non-harmful and safe food products,but also reduce the cost of farmers and provide breeding efficiency This is a sustainable development path.This paper gave a brief overview of this field.

Research on Composting and Substrate Utilization of Garden Waste

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate how to use garden waste resources.[Methods]With garden waste as a raw material for composting treatment,the effects of adding starters on the decomposing effects of garden waste were investigated,and the changes in temperature and microorganisms during the decomposing process were analyzed.On this basis,the compost products were used to partially replace peat to make pepper seedling substrates,so as to further confirm the possibility of the use of compost products as substrates.[Results]Adding organic material starter or biological bacterial fertilizer starter could help garden waste to decompose and accelerate the composting process;and making seedling substrates by using garden waste compost products to partially replace peat could significantly improve the emergence rate,strong seedling index and fresh weight of pepper.The compost products fermented with the two kinds of starters had better substitution effects and higher seedling quality indexes.[Conclusions]This study provides a scientific basis for the substrate utilization of garden waste.

A novel dual serotonin transporter and M-channel inhibitor D01 for antidepression and cognitive improvement

Cognitive dysfunction is a core symptom common in psychiatric disorders including depression that is primarily managed by antidepressants lacking efficacy in improving cognition.In this study,we report a novel dual serotonin transporter and voltage-gated potassium Kv7/KCNQ/M-channel inhibitor D01(a 2-methyl-3-aryloxy-3-heteroarylpropylamines derivative)that exhibits both anti-depression effects and improvements in cognition.D01 inhibits serotonin transporters(K_(i)=30.1±6.9 nmol/L)and M channels(IC_(50)=10.1±2.4μmol/L).D01 also reduces the immobility duration in the mouse FST and TST assays in a dose-dependent manner without a stimulatory effect on locomotion.Intragastric administrations of D01(20 and 40 mg/kg)can significantly shorten the immobility time in a mouse model of chronic restraint stress(CRS)-induced depression-like behavior.Additionally,D01 dose-dependently improves the cognitive deficit induced by CRS in Morris water maze test and increases the exploration time with novel objects in normal or scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits in mice,but not fluoxetine.Furthermore,D01 reverses the long-term potentiation(LTP)inhibition induced by scopolamine.Taken together,our findings demonstrate that D01,a dual-target serotonin reuptake and M channel inhibitor,is highly effective in the treatment-resistant depression and cognitive deficits,thus holding potential for development as therapy of depression with cognitive deficits.

枯草芽孢杆菌代谢工程改造的策略与工具

作为一种食品安全级的典型工业模式微生物,枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis由于具有非致病性、胞外分泌蛋白能力强以及无明显的密码子偏爱性等特点,现已被广泛应用于代谢工程领域。近年来,随着分子生物学和基因工程技术等的迅速发展,多种研究策略和工具被用于构建枯草芽孢杆菌底盘细胞进行生物制品的高效合成。文中从启动子工程、基因编辑、基因回路、辅因子工程以及途径酶组装等方面介绍枯草芽孢杆菌在代谢工程领域的研究历程,并总结其在生物制品生产中的相关应用,最后对其未来的研究方向进行展望。

Functional Connectivity-Based Modelling Simulates SubjectSpecific Network Spreading Effects of Focal Brain Stimulation

Neurostimulation remarkably alleviates the symptoms in a variety of brain disorders by modulating the brain-wide network. However, how brain-wide effects on the direct and indirect pathways evoked by focal neurostimulation elicit therapeutic effects in an individual patient is unknown. Understanding this remains crucial for advancing neural circuit-based guidance to optimize candidate patient screening, pre-surgical target selection, and post-surgical parameter tuning. To address this issue, we propose a functional brain connectome-based modeling approach that simulates the spreading effects of stimulating different brain regions and quantifies the rectification of abnormal network topology in silico. We validated these analyses by pinpointing nuclei in the basal ganglia circuits as top-ranked targets for 43 local patients with Parkinson’s disease and 90 patients from a public database. Individual connectome-based analysis demonstrated that the globus pallidus was the best choice for 21.1% and the subthalamic nucleus for 19.5% of patients. Down-regulation of functional connectivity(up to 12%) at these prioritized targets optimally maximized the therapeutic effects. Notably, the priority rank of the subthalamic nucleus significantly correlated with motor symptom severity(Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale III) in the local cohort. These findings underscore the potential of neural network modeling for advancing personalized brain stimulation therapy,and warrant future experimental investigation to validate its clinical utility.

Influence of main-panel angle on the hydrodynamic performance of a single-slotted cambered otter-board

The effect of the main-panel angle of a single-slotted cambered otter-board was investigated using engineering models in a wind tunnel.Three different angles(0
,6
,and 12
)were evaluated at a wind speed of 28 m/s.Parameters measured included:drag coefficient Cx,lift coefficient Cy,pitch moment coefficient Cm,center of pressure coefficient Cp,and the liftedrag ratio Cy/Cx,over a range of angle of attack(0
e70
).These coefficients were used in analyzing the differences in the performance among the three otter-board models.Results showed that the maximum lift coefficient Cy of the otter-board model with a main-panel angle of 0
was highest(1.875 at a¼25
).However,when the angle of attack was smaller(0<a<22.5
),the lift coefficient of the otter-board increased as the angle of the main-panel increased.The maximum Cy/Cx of the otter-board with a main-panel angle of 12
was highest(7.417 at a¼2.5
),and the liftedrag ratio increased when the angle of the main-panel increased within the angle of attack at small angles(0<a<12.5
).A comparative analysis of Cm and Cp showed that the stability of the otter-board with a main-panel angle of 0
is better than those of the other models.Therefore,the comparative analysis of Cm and Cp,shows that a larger angle of the main-panel can reduce the stability of single-slotted otter-board.The findings of this study offer useful reference data for the structural optimization of otter-boards for trawling。

The structure and mechanical property of silane-graftedpolyethylene/SiO_(2) nanocomposite fiber rope

The effect of vinyltrimethoxysilane(VTMS)graft and SiO_(2) on the structure and mechanical properties of silane-grafted-polyethylene/SiO_(2)(VTMS-g-PE/SiO_(2))nanocomposite fibers and ropes was studied.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transfer infrared(FT-IR),differential scanning calorimetry analysis(DSC)and tensile mechanical tests were performed to characterize the morphology,thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposite fibers and ropes.The results revealed that the SiO_(2) nanoparticles were well dispersed throughout the polymeric matrix.With increasing SiO_(2) content,T_(m),the melt peak width and X_(c),degree of crystallinity,of VTMS-g-PE/SiO_(2) nanocomposite fibers increased.The breaking load and breaking strength of the nanocomposite fiber ropes were remarkably improved compared to pure PE fiber ropes and elongation at break was also decreased.

Degradability evaluation for natural material fibre used on fish aggregation devices(FADs)in tuna purse seine fishery

Purse seiners deploy large amounts of drifting fish aggregation devices(FADs)in all tropical oceans to catch tunas.These FADs are constructed with porous synthetic fibre netting,which are responsible for incidental mortality of sea turtles and sharks through entanglement,and can engage in ghost fishing if they are lost and abandoned.The use of natural or biodegradable materials to build FADs can effectively mitigate marine pollution and bycatch issues,and as such they are currently promoted by fisheries management organizations.This study evaluated the degradability of ropes made of common natural fibres;cotton rope(3-strand,96-thread,twisted,S-lay),jute rope(3-strand,13-thread,twisted,Z-lay)and sisal rope(3-strand,8-thread,twisted,Z-lay).Degradability was evaluated by measuring the breaking strength(cN/dtex)and retention ratio of rupture elongation.Results showed that jute rope and sisal rope experienced rapid reduction of strength which over the first month soaking in the sea fell by 66.8%and 46.9%,respectively.Cotton rope exhibited the most inert degradation behavior,with breaking strength maintained at half of the initial value at 10 months.The retention ratio of rupture elongation for jute ropes and sisal ropes fluctuated considerably in the following months after deployment,compared to the relatively stable change for cotton rope.Results suggested that among these congeners,cotton rope would be most preferable component for Bio-FADs with a 10-month minimum durability that matches the required lifetime of FAD fishing strategies.