Tobacco control challenges in China: Big data analysis of online tobacco marketing information

Objective:To develop tobacco control strategies by analyzing online tobacco marketing information in China.Methods:Using web-crawler software,this study acquired 106,485 pieces of online tobacco marketing information published on 11 different Internet platforms including Weibo,WeChat,Baidu,etc.,from January-June 2018.The data were used to investigate the characteristics and social networks of online tobacco marketing via content and social network analysis.Results:The total volume of online tobacco marketing during the study period was high,showing a positive trend.Of all the marketing subjects,those involving"flavor capsule","Marlboro",and"Esse"were the most popular.The Weibo platform had the highest volume of online tobacco marketing information as well as the largest proportion of explicit marketing information.This was followed by other social media platforms such as Baidu Search,Baidu Tieba,and Xiaohongshu,where implicit marketing information predominated.The overall network structure of tobacco websites exhibited a significant centralization feature,where traditional and novel tobacco websites formed two clusters with almost no intersections.The China Tobacco Science and Education Website(http://www.tobaccoinfo.com.cn/)and E-Cigarette Home(http://ecigm.com/)were the two nodes of the highest degree centrality within the respective"circle",while the China Tobacco Monopoly Bureau Website(http://www.tobacco.gov.cn/)was the node with the highest closeness centrality.By contrast,Baidu Tieba's overall network structure was more decentralized,and the degree of correlation between different nodes was relatively low.Conclusion:Online tobacco marketing demonstrated high volumes and wide coverage,and an intertwined network,thereby creating major obstacles for tobacco control.To address this issue,the government should strengthen network supervision of tobacco marketing and revise its current regulations.Meanwhile,Internet platforms should improve self-regulation by comprehensively removing and blocking tobacco-related information.Lastly,the media and public should advocate associated policies and support Internet platform supervision.

Numerical simulation of hypersonic thermochemical nonequilibrium flows using nonlinear coupled constitutive relations

To predict aeroheating performance of hypersonic vehicles accurately in thermochemical nonequilibrium flows accompanied by rarefaction effect,a Nonlinear Coupled Constitutive Relations(NCCR)model coupled with Gupta’s chemical models and Park’s two-temperature model is firstly proposed in this paper.Three typical cases are intensively investigated for further validation,including hypersonic flows over a two-dimensional cylinder,a RAM-C II flight vehicle and a type HTV-2 flight vehicle.The results predicted by NCCR solution,such as heat flux coefficient and electron number densities,are in better agreement with those of direct simulation Monte Carlo or flight data than Navier-Stokes equations,especially in the extremely nonequilibrium regions,which indicates the potential of the newly-developed solution to capture both thermochemical and rarefied nonequilibrium effects.The comparisons between the present solver and NCCR model without a two-temperature model are also conducted to demonstrate the significance of vibrational energy source term in the accurate simulation of high-Mach flows.

中青年癌症患者住院期间反刍性沉思现状及影响因素的调查研究

目的了解中青年癌症患者反刍性沉思水平并分析其影响因素,为临床医护人员实施个体化干预提供依据。方法采用一般资料调查表、事件相关反刍性沉思问卷和情绪调节量表对山东省某三级甲等医院肿瘤科共373例癌症患者进行调查。结果癌症患者的反刍性沉思总得分为(28.64±12.13)分,其中侵入性反刍性沉思和目的性反刍性沉思得分分别为(13.92±6.42)分和(14.72±6.80)分;表达抑制、宗教信仰共解释侵入性反刍性沉思总变异的14.2%;表达抑制、家庭关系、文化程度共解释目的性反刍性沉思总变异的22.1%。结论中青年癌症患者的反刍性沉思处于中等偏下水平,表达抑制、宗教信仰、家庭关系及文化程度是癌症患者反刍性沉思的重要影响因素。临床医护人员需针对不同特征的癌症患者采取相应的个体化干预,帮助患者采取积极的态度应对疾病,促进其身心康复。

Combustion synthesis and characterizations of Sm2O3 doped zirconolite-rich waste forms with CuO as oxidant

Zirconolite is one of the most important matrix materials for nuclear waste immobilization.In this study,Sm was employed as the surrogate of trivalent actinides.Sm-doped zirconolite-rich waste forms were readily prepared by combustion synthesis(CS)using CuO as the oxidant.Two different schemes with or without Al2O3 as the charge compensator were carried out simultaneously.The results demonstrate that Al2O3 addition results in complex phase composition.On the other hand,the samples without Al2O3 addition show desirable products of zirconolite and pyrochlore.The EDX analysis shows that Sm is concurrently incorporated into the Ca and Zr sites of zirconolite,which transforms to pyrochlore structure with high Sm2O3 contents.The aqueous durability of representative Sm-doped sample(Sm-0.6)was investigated.The 42 days normalized leaching rate of Sm is as low as 6.41×10-7 g/(m2 d),which exhibits high durability of Sm-doped sample.

Neocryptotanshinone inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages by suppression of NF-κB and iNOS signaling pathways

Neocryptotanshinone(NCTS) is a natural product isolated from traditional Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. In this study, we investigated its anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage(RAW264.7) cells. MTT results showed that NCTS partly reversed LPS-induced cytotoxicity. Real-time PCR results showed that NCTS suppressed LPS-induced mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα), interleukin-6(IL-6) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β). Moreover, NCTS could decrease LPS-induced nitric oxide(NO)production. Western blotting results showed that NCTS could down-regulate LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), p-IκBα, p-IKKβ and p-NF-κB p65 without affecting cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2). In addition, NCTS inhibited LPS-induced p-NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation.In conclusion, these data demonstrated that NCTS showed anti-inflammatory effect by suppression of NF-κB and iNOS signaling pathways.

Data-driven nonlinear constitutive relations for rarefied flow computations

To overcome the defects of traditional rarefied numerical methods such as the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo(DSMC)method and unified Boltzmann equation schemes and extend the covering range of macroscopic equations in high Knudsen number flows,data-driven nonlinear constitutive relations(DNCR)are proposed first through the machine learning method.Based on the training data from both Navier-Stokes(NS)solver and unified gas kinetic scheme(UGKS)solver,the map between responses of stress tensors and heat flux and feature vectors is established after the training phase.Through the obtained off-line training model,new test cases excluded from training data set could be predicated rapidly and accurately by solving conventional equations with modified stress tensor and heat flux.Finally,conventional one-dimensional shock wave cases and two-dimensional hypersonic flows around a blunt circular cylinder are presented to assess the capability of the developed method through various comparisons between DNCR,NS,UGKS,DSMC and experimental results.The improvement of the predictive capability of the coarsegraining model could make the DNCR method to be an effective tool in the rarefied gas community,especially for hypersonic engineering applications.

基于双通道技术的视觉质量分析系统在评估轻度圆锥角膜视觉质量中的应用

目的:探讨视觉质量分析系统(OQAS)测量圆锥角膜眼与正常角膜眼之间视觉质量的差异。方法:横断面研究。选取正常角膜屈光不正患者32例(32眼)作为对照组,圆锥角膜患者27例(27眼)作为圆锥角膜组。采用OQAS测量每组在3、4、5 mm的人工瞳孔直径下的视觉质量参数调制传递函数截止频率(MTFcutoff)、Strehl比、不同对比度下的OQAS值(OV-100、OV-20、OV-9),组间差异采用独立样本t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验,组内差异采用重复测量资料方差分析及Bonferroni校正。结果:圆锥角膜组在人工瞳孔分别为3、4、5 mm时的MTFcutoff、Strehl比、OV-100、OV-20、OV-9均低于对照组(3 mm:t=6.658、6.695、6.660、6.493、6.778;4 mm:t=7.106、6.567、7.109、6.802、6.788;5 mm:t=6.148、7.254、6.158、6.446、7.210;P均<0.001)。对照组及圆锥角膜组内MTFcutoff、Strehl比、OV-100、OV-20、OV-9在不同人工瞳孔大小的组内比较差异有统计学意义(对照组:F=42.205、28.335、42.559、32.621、30.372;圆锥角膜组:F=15.732、11.533、15.625、13.870、10.495;均P<0.001)。结论:双通道OQAS测量结果表明圆锥角膜的视觉质量较正常眼明显下降,圆锥角膜及正常眼的视觉质量均随着瞳孔增大而下降。

Political Skill, Gender, and Social Network Positioning of Chinese Employees

我们从 156 个中国医院雇员收集了数据调查政治技巧和性怎么影响他们放的忠告和友谊网络。我们发现有政治技巧的高水平的雇员是更可能的积极地寻求友谊关系，当政治技巧不总的来说影响雇员忠告网络时。另外，结果证明为人，那些与更少的政治技巧比那些在忠告和友谊网络与政治技巧的高水平有更低的在里面度中心性。政治技巧不影响 womens 网络位置。

Efficient Stabilization of Na Storage Reversibility by Ti Integration into O′3-Type NaMnO_(2)

The development of an energy storage system with abundant elements is a key challenge for a sustainable society,and the interest of Na intercalation chemistry is extending throughout the research community.Herein,the impact of Ti integration into NaMnO2 in a binary system of x NaMnO2–(1–x)TiO2(0:5≤x≤1)is systematically examined for rechargeable Na battery applications.Stoichiometric NaMnO2,which is classified as an in-plane distorted O′3-type layered structure,delivers a large initial discharge capacity of approximately 200 mAhg-1,but insufficient capacity retention is observed,most probably associated with dissolution of Mn ions on electrochemical cycles.Ti-substituted samples show highly improved electrode performance as electrode materials.However,the appearance of a sodium-deficient phase,Na4Mn4Ti5O18 with a tunnel-type structure,is observed for Ti-rich phases.Among the samples in this binary system,Na0.8Mn0.8Ti0.2O2(x=0:8),which is a mixture of a partially Ti-substituted O′3-type layered oxide(Na0.88Mn0.88Ti0.12O2)and tunnel-type Na4Mn4Ti5O18 as a minor phase elucidated by Rietveld analysis on both neutron and X-ray diffraction patterns,shows good electrode performance on the basis of energy density and cyclability.Both phases are electrochemically active as evidenced by in situ X-ray diffraction study,and the improvement of reversibility originates from the suppression of Mn dissolution on electrochemical cycles.From these results,the feasibility of Mn-based electrode materials for high-energy rechargeable Na batteries made from only abundant elements is discussed in detail.

Corrigendum to“Efficient Stabilization of Na Storage Reversibility by Ti Integration into O′3-Type NaMnO_(2)”

In the article titled“Efficient Stabilization of Na Storage Reversibility by Ti Integration into O′3-Type NaMnO2”[1],there was an error in Figure 4.In panel(a),the“x=0:2”should have read“x=0:8.”This is shown corrected in Figure 4 below。