Mutual regulation of microglia and astrocytes after Gas6 inhibits spinal cord injury

Invasive inflammation and excessive scar formation are the main reasons for the difficulty in repairing nervous tissue after spinal cord injury.Microglia and astrocytes play key roles in the spinal cord injury micro-environment and share a close interaction.However,the mechanisms involved remain unclear.In this study,we found that after spinal cord injury,resting microglia(M0)were polarized into pro-inflammatory phenotypes(MG1 and MG3),while resting astrocytes were polarized into reactive and scar-forming phenotypes.The expression of growth arrest-specific 6(Gas6)and its receptor Axl were significantly down-regulated in microglia and astrocytes after spinal cord injury.In vitro experiments showed that Gas6 had negative effects on the polarization of reactive astrocytes and pro-inflammatory microglia,and even inhibited the cross-regulation between them.We further demonstrated that Gas6 can inhibit the polarization of reactive astrocytes by suppressing the activation of the Yes-associated protein signaling pathway.This,in turn,inhibited the polarization of pro-inflammatory microglia by suppressing the activation of the nuclear factor-κB/p65 and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways.In vivo experiments showed that Gas6 inhibited the polarization of pro-inflammatory microglia and reactive astrocytes in the injured spinal cord,thereby promoting tissue repair and motor function recovery.Overall,Gas6 may play a role in the treatment of spinal cord injury.It can inhibit the inflammatory pathway of microglia and polarization of astrocytes,attenuate the interaction between microglia and astrocytes in the inflammatory microenvironment,and thereby alleviate local inflammation and reduce scar formation in the spinal cord.

Ring finger protein 157 is a prognostic biomarker and is associated with immune infiltrates in human breast cancer

Background: The protein encoded by ring finger protein 157 (RNF157) is known to function as an E3 ubiquitinligase. However, whether the level of RNF157 expression in breast cancer correlates with prognosis and immune cellinfiltration among breast cancer patients remains to be further explored. Methods: In this study, publicly availabledatasets were used for evaluating RNF157 expression in different tumors compared with normal samples. Severalindependent datasets were screened for investigating the relationship between RNF157 and breast cancer survival,different mutation profiles, and tumor immune cell infiltration. We conducted a pathway enrichment analysis toidentify signaling pathways associated with RNF157. Results: Analysis of public and online databases revealed thatRNF157 expression markedly decreased in breast cancer tissue samples compared to non-carcinoma counterparts.Consistently, immunohistochemistry assays also demonstrated this RNF157 down-regulation in breast cancer samples.RNF157 up-regulation could predict the improved survival of breast cancer cases. Further, different RNF157expression level groups exhibited different mutational profiles. Pathway enrichment profiling of RNF157-related genessuggested its possible involvement in regulating breast cancer via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)pathway. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data and genomic enrichment analysis showed that RNF157 downregulatedseveral genes positively associated with the MAPK signaling pathway. We also explored RNF157 expression andimmune cell infiltration in breast cancer and found that RNF157 mRNA levels were negatively related to non-Timmune cell infiltration. Conclusion: According to our work, RNF157 may be a promising diagnostic biomarker andtherapeutic target for breast cancer.

Design of High Precision CNC Vertical Lathe Turning Tool Holder

A large aspect ratio vibration reducing tool holder based on passive damping vibration reduction technology is designed to solve the vibration problem that occurs in deep hole machining of vertical lathes.A dynamic model of passive damping vibration reduction tool holder was established,and the optimal damping ratio,optimal frequency ratio,and maximum relative amplitude were derived.Modal analysis of the passive damping vibrationreduction tool holder was conducted using software.The results showed that the maximum response amplitude of the passive damping vibration reduction tool holder decreased significantly compared to the original one.

Simulation Analysis of Extrusion Process of Equilateral L-shaped Aluminum Profiles Based on Deform-3D

The extrusion deformation process of L-shaped aluminum profiles was numerically simulated using the finite element program Deform-3D.The simulation findings revealed that the deformation of the profiles was mostly caused by unequal material flow velocity,which resulted in the profiles bending.Determine the impact of extrusion parameters on the bending deformation of the profile after studying various parameters that may affect the material flow mode(hole position,extrusion speed).

Design of Damping Damping Design of New Boring Head Drive Structure

This paper takes the boring head of 20 roll mill as the research object,optimizes the vibration inside the boring head through a differential damping structure,and then conducts the 3 d model inside the boring head through SolidWorks,and checks the interference of the boring head model.Finally,Ansys workbench finite element analysis software is used to analyze and verify the vibration damping characteristics of the differential damping structure.

Optimal flexibility dispatch of demand side resources with high penetration of renewables:a Stackelberg game method

To promote the utilization of renewable energy,such as photovoltaics,this paper proposes an optimal flexibility dispatch method for demand-side resources(DSR)based on the Stackelberg game theory.First,the concept of the generalized DSR is analyzed and flexibility models for various DSR are constructed.Second,owing to the characteristics of small capacity but large-scale,an outer approximation is proposed to describe the aggregate flexibility of DSR.Then,the optimal flexibility dispatch model of DSR based on the Stackelberg game is established and a decentralized solution algorithm is designed to obtain the Stackelberg equilibrium.Finally,the actual data are utilized for the case study and the results show that,compared to the traditional centralized optimization method,the proposed optimal flexibility dispatch method can not only reduce the net load variability of the DSR aggregator but is beneficial for all DSR owners,which is more suitable for practical applications.

Expert consensus on prevention and cardiopulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest in COVID-19

Background:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)strategies in COVID-19 patients differ from those in patients suffering from cardiogenic cardiac arrest.During CPR,both healthcare and non-healthcare workers who provide resuscitation are at risk of infection.The Working Group for Expert Consensus on Prevention and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Cardiac Arrest in COVID-19 has developed this Chinese Expert Consensus to guide clinical practice of CPR in COVID-19 patients.Main recommendations:1)A medical team should be assigned to evaluate severe and critical COVID-19 for early monitoring of cardiac-arrest warning signs.2)Psychological counseling and treatment are highly recommended,since sympathetic and vagal abnormalities induced by psychological stress from the COVID-19 pandemic can induce cardiac arrest.3)Healthcare workers should wear personal protective equipment(PPE).4)Mouth-to-mouth ventilation should be avoided on patients suspected of having or diagnosed with COVID-19.5)Hands-only chest compression and mechanical chest compression are recommended.6)Tracheal-intubation procedures should be optimized and tracheal-intubation strategies should be implemented early.7)CPR should be provided for 20-30 min.8)Various factors should be taken into consideration such as the interests of patients and family members,ethics,transmission risks,and laws and regulations governing infectious disease control.Changes in management:The following changes or modifications to CPR strategy in COVID-19 patients are proposed:1)Healthcare workers should wear PPE.2)Hands-only chest compression and mechanical chest compression can be implemented to reduce or avoid the spread of viruses by aerosols.3)Both the benefits to patients and the risk of infection should be considered.4)Hhealthcare workers should be fully aware of and trained in CPR strategies and procedures specifically for patients with COVID-19.

在守正与出新中奋力开创管理会计发展新局面

党的二十大报告、全国新型工业化推进大会、中央金融工作会议等重要报告和会议对我国实现高质量发展提出了一系列新要求和新任务,也为企业的经营管理提供了新思路和新途径。管理会计作为落实企业战略导向、服务管理能力提升的重要工具,将在推进企业高质量发展中发挥越来越重要的作用。面对新背景、新形势,如何通过管理会计的守正创新,贯彻好管理会计基本理念和方法,创新管理会计工具和应用赋能,助力企业统筹好经营发展目标的平衡可持续,成为理论界和实务界共同关注的话题。本文重点围绕管理会计的“不变”与“变”两个维度,就如何以管理会计高质量发展的确定性应对前进路上的不确定性进行探讨,以期为管理会计改革创新提供有益参考。

Improving superficial microstructure and properties of the laser-processed ultrathin kerf in Ti-6Al-4V alloy by water-jet guiding

In the present research,the gas-assisted laser(GAL)and water-jet guided laser(WGL)processing technologies were applied to machine the ultrathin kerf in the wrought Ti-6Al-4V alloy.The microstructure,microhardness,and wear properties of the superficial layer were investigated.The results reveal that the GAL processing could machine the kerf with a high depth-to-width ratio of 12–15,but the increased processing times enhance the depth little.Due to the oxygen entrainment and relatively low heat and mass transferring efficiency,the assisted gas promotes the formation of a scaled recast layer containingβ-Ti phase and oxides,which increases the roughness to 20μm.The WGL processed kerf has a low depth-to-width ratio with a value of 1.9–2.5 and the depth could be increased by increasing the WGL processing times.With the assistance of the water jet,the remelted debris and heat could be eliminated immediately,which restrains the formation of the recast layer and heat-affected zone.The ultrathin oxide outer layer with hundreds of nanometers and ultrafineα-Ti grain inner layer are formed on the surface,which decreases the roughness to 12μm.Compared with the as-received Ti-6Al-4V alloy,the microhardness of GAL processed kerf surface is increased to 382.8 HV accompanied by residual tensile stress,while the microhardness of WGL processed kerf surface is increased to 481.6 HV accompanying with residual compressive stress.In addition,the GAL processing increases the wear rate at room temperature but decreases the wear rate at high temperatures.Comparatively,the WGL processing decreases the wear rate at room and high temperatures,simultaneously.Such wear behaviors could be ascribed to their different superficial microstructures and phase constituents.

A supersaturated Cu-Ag nanoalloy joint with ultrahigh shear strength and ultrafine nanoprecipitates for power electronic packaging

Ag-Cu bimetallic nanoalloy,integrating the advantages of reducing migration and cost of nano-Ag and alleviating oxidation of nano-Cu,is a prospective bonding material for power electronic packaging.The Ag-coated Cu nanoparticles(Cu@Ag NPs)paste can execute bonding with high quality at 250℃,and the achieved supersaturated Ag-Cu nanoalloy joint with ultrahigh shear strength(152 MPa)dramatically exceeds most nano-paste joints.The interstitial solid solutions with atomic-level metallurgical bonds at the interface dominantly promoted the shear strength.Besides,the numerous ultrafine nanograin,high proportion of low angle grain boundaries(7.44%)without deformation,and the Cu nanoprecipitates in the joint would improve subordinately.Furthermore,the high content(16.8%)of∑3 twin boundaries would contribute to the electrical and thermal conductivity.Thus,the multiple strengthening mechanisms with the solid solution,the second precipitated phase,and ultrafine nanograin can dramatically enhance shear strength and electro-thermal conductivity of joints for high-temperature device packaging.

房价、户籍制度与城市生产率

本文构建了纳入制度效用折损和住房供给的一般均衡模型,分析住房价格和户籍制度影响城市生产率的机理,并采用中国城市数据进行反事实检验。研究发现:降低户籍限制和房价均让城市生产率得到不同程度的提升,户籍制度改革和房价调控将显著降低要素错配;户籍制度和房价的要素错配效应具有明显的城市异质性,减缓户籍限制对500万人口以上大城市的生产率提升最高,200万人口以下小城市幅度最低;房价控制对不同规模城市生产率的扭曲表现为"中间大,两头小"现象。