胆总管结石中西医结合介入治疗专家共识

胆总管结石是一种常见疾病,十二指肠乳头肌扩张顺行排石术(Percutaneous Transhepatic Papillary Balloon Dilation,PTPBD)治疗该病是国内新近兴起的一种介入治疗新方法,与现有治疗手段相比,已被证实具有一定的优势。中医药在胆总管结石的治疗方面具有疗效可靠、副作用小、复发率低的优点。为适应临床工作需要,推广PTPBD技术在胆总管结石中的应用,提高胆总管结石中西医诊治水平,中国医师协会介入医师分会组织国内胆总管结石治疗领域的多学科专家讨论、制定了本规范,旨在规范PTPBD技术的适应证、禁忌证、操作流程和中西医结合诊治方案。

A new species of the genus Coccophagus(Hymenoptera:Aphelinidae)associated with Sphaerolecanium prunastri(Hemiptera:Coccoidea)from the Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang

To investigate the natural parasitoid enemies of Sphaerolecanium prunastri,a scale insect which harms wild fruit forests in western Tianshan,Xinjiang,branches seriously damaged by S.prunastri were collected and cultured in glass jars for obtaining natural parasitoids.Coccophagus tianshanensis Li&Yao sp.nov.,a new species of Coccophagus(Hymenoptera:Aphelinidae)was gained and identified based on the morphological and molecular data.Morphological characteristics of C.tianshanensis are described in detail,and COI and 28S sequences are determined.In addition,a key to species of the genus Coccophagus in the world parasitizing S.prunastri was established.This investigation has found a potential natural enemy of the S.prunastri in the wild fruit forests of the West Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang,and establishes a new natural enemy for biocontrol of this pest.

The Origin and Identity of the Calyculus in Loranthaceae:Inferred From the Floral Organogenesis of Loranthus tanakae Franch.&Sav.

The flowers of the hemiparasitic family Loranthaceae are always subtended by a rimmed structure known as the calyculus.The origin and identity of the calyculus have been disputed for more than a century.Various hypotheses have been proposed,for example,an outgrowth of the axis,a reduced calyx,and a bracteolar(prophyllar)origin,but controversies remain.To obtain a plausible explanation of the origin of the calyculus,we investigated the flowers of Loranthus tanakae using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy to observe the entire developmental process of the floral parts.Our results show that bracts are not present in L.tanakae.The calyculus,which lacks serving vascular bundles,initiates as a semicircular primordium and then develops into a circular structure by an adnation at both sides.The flower primordium usually cleaves into six petals from its centre along a whorled pattern in two series with three petals each,before or after the calyculus closed.Isomerous stamen primordia probably follow the same initiation pattern as petals do.Several carpels of different sizes initiate simultaneously as a united primordium.We support the hypotheses that the calyculus is of bract or bracteole origin due to its independent initiation from the inflorescence rachis,its similar morphology and positioning as the bract or bracteole,and that having no developmental relationship with the petals.We suggest keeping the usage of the term“calyculus”.Loranthus flowers should be considered monochlamydeous with three whorls of floral parts,namely petal,androecium,and gynoecium.

An ultrasound-triggered cation chelation and reassembly route to one-dimensional Ni-rich cathode material enabling fast charging and stable cycling of Li-ion batteries

Ni-rich oxides,LiNixMnyCozO2(NMC),are among leading candidates for cathode materials in Li-ion batteries.However,they are mostly fabricated by coprecipitation approach under complex conditions,which usually produces large secondary particles composed of aggregated primary particles.Undesirable cation mixing and crack propagation upon cycling block ion and electron transport,result in fast capacity fading and poor rate capability.Herein,we present an ultrasound-triggered cation chelation and reassembly route for synthesizing one-dimensional precursor with homogeneous element distribution at the atomic level.This process is accomplished by the synergistic combination of ultrasound and surfactant,which can disperse reactants and remove hydration shells surrounding cations so as to accelerate chelating reaction,and then separate and assemble chelates into one dimensional structure.The whole synthesis time is only 20 min(8.9 min of ultrasonic working time)in an open vessel under natural ambient conditions.One-dimensional LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 has a high reversible capacity(184 mAh·g^−1 at 0.1 C)and long cycling stability(95.1%and 82.4%capacity retention for 100 and 1000 cycles,respectively).The short charging time of 76 s is realized at super high current rate of 20 C,which is very important to improve the competitiveness of electric vehicles relative to fuel vehicles.Our synthetic approach can provide a general strategy for the growth of mixed-metal-EDTA chelate precursors by changing the feeding ratio of Ni2+,Mn2+and Co2+cations in reaction for fabricating NMC cathode materials with other compositions.

The novel ER stress inducer Sec C triggers apoptosis by sulfating ER cysteine residues and degrading YAP via ER stress in pancreatic cancer cells

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PAAD) is one of the most lethal malignancies. Although gemcitabine(GEM) is a standard treatment for PAAD, resistance limits its application and therapy. Secoemestrin C(Sec C) is a natural compound from the endophytic fungus Emericella, and its anticancer activity has not been investigated since it was isolated. Our research is the first to indicate that Sec C is a broad-spectrum anticancer agent and could exhibit potently similar anticancer activity both in GEM-resistant and GEM-sensitive PAAD cells. Interestingly, Sec C exerted a rapid growth-inhibiting effect(80% death at 6 h), which might be beneficial for patients who need rapid tumor shrinkage before surgery. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC) reverse assays show that Sec C sulfates cysteines to disrupt disulfide-bonds formation in endoplasmic reticulum(ER) proteins to cause protein misfolding, leading to ER stress and disorder of lipid biosynthesis. Microarray data and subsequent assays show that ER stress-mediated ER-associated degradation(ERAD) ubiquitinates anddownregulates YAP to enhance ER stress via destruction complex(YAP-Axin-GSK-βTr CP), which also elucidates a unique degrading style for YAP. Potent anticancer activity in GEM-resistant cells and low toxicity make Sec C a promising anti-PAAD candidate.