Neuroinflammation exacerbates secondary damage after spinal cord injury,while microglia/macrophage pyroptosis is important to neuroinflammation.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)play a role in the central nervous system.However,...Neuroinflammation exacerbates secondary damage after spinal cord injury,while microglia/macrophage pyroptosis is important to neuroinflammation.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)play a role in the central nervous system.However,the functional role and mechanism of circRNAs in regulating microglia/macrophage pyroptosis after spinal cord injury are still poorly studied.In the present study,we detected microglia/macrophage pyroptosis in a female rat model of spinal cord injury,along with upregulated levels of circ0000381 in the spinal cord.Our further experimental results suggest that circ0000381 may function as a sponge to sequester endogenous microRNA423-3p(miR-423-3p),which can increase the expression of NOD-like receptor 3(NLRP3),a pyroptosis marker.Therefore,upregulation of circ0000381 may be a compensatory change after spinal cord injury to attenuate microglia/macrophage pyroptosis.Indeed,knockdown of circ0000381 expression exacerbated microglia/macrophage pyroptosis.Collectively,our findings provide novel evidence for the upregulation of circ0000381,which may serve as a neuroprotective mechanism to attenuate microglia/macrophage pyroptosis after spinal cord injury.Accordingly,circ0000381 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of spinal cord injury.展开更多
Background:Probiotics are used as a means to improve animal health and intestinal development.Saccharomyces boulardii is a well-known probiotic;however,few studies have examined the effects of S.boulardii on weaned pi...Background:Probiotics are used as a means to improve animal health and intestinal development.Saccharomyces boulardii is a well-known probiotic;however,few studies have examined the effects of S.boulardii on weaned piglet performance.Therefore,this 28-day study compared the effects of S.boulardii mafic-1701 and aureomycin in diets for weaned piglets on growth performance,antioxidant parameters,inflammation and intestinal microbiota.One hundred and eight piglets,weaned at 28 d of age(8.5±1.1 kg),were randomly divided into the three dietary treatment groups with six pens and six piglets per pen(half male and half female).The dietary treatment groups were as follows:1)basal diet(CON);2)basal diet supplemented with 75 mg/kg aureomycin(ANT);3)basal diet supplemented with 1×108 CFU/kg S.boulardii mafic-1701(SB).Results:Compared to CON group,SB group had higher feed efficiency(P<0.05)in the last 14 d and lower diarrhea rate(P<0.05)over the entire 28 d.Total superoxide dismutase in serum was markedly increased in SB group(P<0.05).Moreover,compared with CON group,SB group decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6(P<0.01)and Tumor necrosis factor-α(P<0.05)in jejunum.Supplementation of S.boulardii mafic-1701 increased the abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG_009 and Turicibacter(P<0.05),whereas the abundance of unclassified_Clostridiaceae_4 was decreased(P<0.05).Furthermore,S.boulardii mafic-1701 administration increased cecal concentration of microbial metabolites,isobutyrate and valerate(P<0.05).Conclusions:The improvement in feed conversion ratio,reduction in diarrhea rate in weaned piglets provided diets supplemented with S.boulardii mafic-1701 may be associated with enhanced antioxidant activity,antiinflammatory responses and improved intestinal microbial ecology.展开更多
In this paper, some important issues of granularity are discussed mainly in information systems (ISs) based on binary relation. Firstly, the vector representation method of knowledge granules is proposed in an infor-m...In this paper, some important issues of granularity are discussed mainly in information systems (ISs) based on binary relation. Firstly, the vector representation method of knowledge granules is proposed in an infor-mation system based on binary relation to eliminate limitations of set representation method. Secondly, operators among knowledge granularity are introduced and some important properties of them are studied carefully. Thirdly, distance between two knowledge granules is established and granular space is constructed based on it. Fourthly, axiomatic definition of knowledge granularity is investigated, and one can find that some existed knowledge granularities are special cases under the definition. In addition, as an application of knowledge granular space, an example is employed to validate some results in our work.展开更多
Crohn’s Disease (CD) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory bowel disease with unknown etiology, most common in the terminal ileum and adjacent colon. In the past 30 years, the global prevalence of CD has continued to r...Crohn’s Disease (CD) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory bowel disease with unknown etiology, most common in the terminal ileum and adjacent colon. In the past 30 years, the global prevalence of CD has continued to rise. Although the etiology is unknown, studies have shown that it is closely related to geographical environment, microfold cell damage, intestinal flora changes, epithelial barrier damage, immune dysfunction and low. The main clinical manifestations of CD are abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, fatigue, fever and weight loss. At present, 5-aminosalicylic acid, antibiotics, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants and biological agents are mainly used for treatment, but the drug effect is limited and the effect is not good. Recent studies have shown that Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) can down-regulate immune response and promote tissue healing, which has certain safety and effectiveness in the treatment of moderate and severe CD, and has broad application prospects, but also has certain limitations. This paper summarizes the application and efficacy of related therapies in CD, providing a reference for clinicians.展开更多
Caste differentiation in termites is one of the most conspicuous examples of facultative polyphenism in animals.It is clear that specific cuticular formation occurs in hard exocuticles during caste differentiation.How...Caste differentiation in termites is one of the most conspicuous examples of facultative polyphenism in animals.It is clear that specific cuticular formation occurs in hard exocuticles during caste differentiation.However,the developmental pattern of the soft endocuticle in the differentiation pathways of castes is unknown.To reveal whether the endocuticle is involved in caste differentiation,we compared the exocuticle and endocuticle thickness of individuals in 2 pathways(nymph line and worker line)of caste differentiation in the termite Reticulitermes aculabialis.The endocuticle protein genes were identified by transcriptome analysis and the expression patterns of these genes were confirmed in caste differentiation.We found that the endocuticle structure showed dynamic changes in 2 pathways,and the first difference in endocuticle structure occurred after larvae differentiation bifurcated into workers and nymphs.The thinning of the endocuticle was a significant event from nymphs developing into alates with the thickest exocuticle and thinnest endocuticle.The thickest endocuticle layers were found in the heads of the workers and the ultrastructure of the endocuticle in the heads was more complex than that in the thorax–abdomens.Six endocuticle protein genes were identified and annotated as endocuticle structural glycoproteins SgAbd-2,SgAbd-9,and Abd-5.The expression levels of endocuticle protein genes changed dramatically during caste development and the expression levels in neotenic reproductives(secondary reproductives)were significantly higher than those in alates(primary reproductives).These results reveal the roles of endocuticles in caste differentiation and adaptation to the environment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81901241(to YZ)。
文摘Neuroinflammation exacerbates secondary damage after spinal cord injury,while microglia/macrophage pyroptosis is important to neuroinflammation.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)play a role in the central nervous system.However,the functional role and mechanism of circRNAs in regulating microglia/macrophage pyroptosis after spinal cord injury are still poorly studied.In the present study,we detected microglia/macrophage pyroptosis in a female rat model of spinal cord injury,along with upregulated levels of circ0000381 in the spinal cord.Our further experimental results suggest that circ0000381 may function as a sponge to sequester endogenous microRNA423-3p(miR-423-3p),which can increase the expression of NOD-like receptor 3(NLRP3),a pyroptosis marker.Therefore,upregulation of circ0000381 may be a compensatory change after spinal cord injury to attenuate microglia/macrophage pyroptosis.Indeed,knockdown of circ0000381 expression exacerbated microglia/macrophage pyroptosis.Collectively,our findings provide novel evidence for the upregulation of circ0000381,which may serve as a neuroprotective mechanism to attenuate microglia/macrophage pyroptosis after spinal cord injury.Accordingly,circ0000381 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YDF0500604)the Key Research&Development Program of Shandong Province(2019JZZY020308).
文摘Background:Probiotics are used as a means to improve animal health and intestinal development.Saccharomyces boulardii is a well-known probiotic;however,few studies have examined the effects of S.boulardii on weaned piglet performance.Therefore,this 28-day study compared the effects of S.boulardii mafic-1701 and aureomycin in diets for weaned piglets on growth performance,antioxidant parameters,inflammation and intestinal microbiota.One hundred and eight piglets,weaned at 28 d of age(8.5±1.1 kg),were randomly divided into the three dietary treatment groups with six pens and six piglets per pen(half male and half female).The dietary treatment groups were as follows:1)basal diet(CON);2)basal diet supplemented with 75 mg/kg aureomycin(ANT);3)basal diet supplemented with 1×108 CFU/kg S.boulardii mafic-1701(SB).Results:Compared to CON group,SB group had higher feed efficiency(P<0.05)in the last 14 d and lower diarrhea rate(P<0.05)over the entire 28 d.Total superoxide dismutase in serum was markedly increased in SB group(P<0.05).Moreover,compared with CON group,SB group decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6(P<0.01)and Tumor necrosis factor-α(P<0.05)in jejunum.Supplementation of S.boulardii mafic-1701 increased the abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG_009 and Turicibacter(P<0.05),whereas the abundance of unclassified_Clostridiaceae_4 was decreased(P<0.05).Furthermore,S.boulardii mafic-1701 administration increased cecal concentration of microbial metabolites,isobutyrate and valerate(P<0.05).Conclusions:The improvement in feed conversion ratio,reduction in diarrhea rate in weaned piglets provided diets supplemented with S.boulardii mafic-1701 may be associated with enhanced antioxidant activity,antiinflammatory responses and improved intestinal microbial ecology.
文摘In this paper, some important issues of granularity are discussed mainly in information systems (ISs) based on binary relation. Firstly, the vector representation method of knowledge granules is proposed in an infor-mation system based on binary relation to eliminate limitations of set representation method. Secondly, operators among knowledge granularity are introduced and some important properties of them are studied carefully. Thirdly, distance between two knowledge granules is established and granular space is constructed based on it. Fourthly, axiomatic definition of knowledge granularity is investigated, and one can find that some existed knowledge granularities are special cases under the definition. In addition, as an application of knowledge granular space, an example is employed to validate some results in our work.
文摘Crohn’s Disease (CD) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory bowel disease with unknown etiology, most common in the terminal ileum and adjacent colon. In the past 30 years, the global prevalence of CD has continued to rise. Although the etiology is unknown, studies have shown that it is closely related to geographical environment, microfold cell damage, intestinal flora changes, epithelial barrier damage, immune dysfunction and low. The main clinical manifestations of CD are abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, fatigue, fever and weight loss. At present, 5-aminosalicylic acid, antibiotics, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants and biological agents are mainly used for treatment, but the drug effect is limited and the effect is not good. Recent studies have shown that Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) can down-regulate immune response and promote tissue healing, which has certain safety and effectiveness in the treatment of moderate and severe CD, and has broad application prospects, but also has certain limitations. This paper summarizes the application and efficacy of related therapies in CD, providing a reference for clinicians.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[31870389].
文摘Caste differentiation in termites is one of the most conspicuous examples of facultative polyphenism in animals.It is clear that specific cuticular formation occurs in hard exocuticles during caste differentiation.However,the developmental pattern of the soft endocuticle in the differentiation pathways of castes is unknown.To reveal whether the endocuticle is involved in caste differentiation,we compared the exocuticle and endocuticle thickness of individuals in 2 pathways(nymph line and worker line)of caste differentiation in the termite Reticulitermes aculabialis.The endocuticle protein genes were identified by transcriptome analysis and the expression patterns of these genes were confirmed in caste differentiation.We found that the endocuticle structure showed dynamic changes in 2 pathways,and the first difference in endocuticle structure occurred after larvae differentiation bifurcated into workers and nymphs.The thinning of the endocuticle was a significant event from nymphs developing into alates with the thickest exocuticle and thinnest endocuticle.The thickest endocuticle layers were found in the heads of the workers and the ultrastructure of the endocuticle in the heads was more complex than that in the thorax–abdomens.Six endocuticle protein genes were identified and annotated as endocuticle structural glycoproteins SgAbd-2,SgAbd-9,and Abd-5.The expression levels of endocuticle protein genes changed dramatically during caste development and the expression levels in neotenic reproductives(secondary reproductives)were significantly higher than those in alates(primary reproductives).These results reveal the roles of endocuticles in caste differentiation and adaptation to the environment.
