Deterministic processes dominate microbial community assembly in artificially bred Schizothorax wangchiachii juveniles after being released into wild

Fish artificial breeding and release is an important method to restore wild populations of endemic fish species around the world.Schizothorax wangchiachii(SW)is an endemic fish in the upper Yangtze River and is one of the most important species for the artificial breeding and release program implemented in the Yalong River drainage system in China.It is unclear how artificially bred SW adapts to the changeable wild environment post-release,after being in a controlled and very different artificial environment.Thus,the gut samples were collected and analyzed for food composition and microbial 16S rRNA in artificially bred SW juveniles at day 0(before release),5,10,15,20,25,and 30 after release to the lower reaches of the Yalong River.The results indicated that SW began to ingest periphytic algae from the natural habitat before day 5,and this feeding habit is gradually stabilized at day 15.Prior to release,Fusobacteria are the dominant bacteria in the gut microbiota of SW,while Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria generally are the dominant bacteria after release.The results of microbial assembly mechanisms illustrated that deterministic processes played a more prominent role than stochastic processes in the gut microbial community of artificially bred SW juveniles after releasing into the wild.Overall,the present study integrates the macroscopic and microscopic methods to provide an insight into the food and gut microbial reorganization in the released SW.This study will be an important research direction to explore the ecological adaptability of artificially bred fish after releasing into the wild.

Extensions of Breiman’s Theorem of Product of Dependent Random Variables with Applications to Ruin Theory

We consider the tail behavior of the product of two dependent random variables X andΘ.Motivated by Denisov andZwart(JAppl Probab 44:1031-1046,2007),we relax the condition of the existing α+ε th moment ofΘin Breiman’s theorem to the existingαth moment and obtain the similar result as Breiman’s theorem of the dependent product XΘ,while X andΘfollow a copula function.As applications,we consider a discrete-time insurance risk model with dependent insurance and financial risks and derive the asymptotic tail behaviors for the(in)finite-time ruin probabilities.