固态锂电池界面优化策略的研究进展

固态锂电池具有安全性好、能量密度高等优点,在新能源汽车和智能电子等领域具有广泛的应用前景。然而,由化学/电化学和物理因素引起的界面副反应与高界面阻抗问题制约了其进一步发展。先前的综述已对解决化学/电化学界面问题的方法有了相对全面的阐述,但并未细致讨论不同结构固态电池中物理界面的影响及应对策略。本文将简要介绍化学/电化学界面问题及其解决方案;重点按结构特点将固态锂电池分为三明治结构、粉末复合结构和3D一体化结构,细致地分析不同电池结构的物理界面特点与优化策略,并对各种策略的优缺点进行比较分析;最后,对固态锂电池电极/电解质界面的未来研究方向进行展望。

基于阵列电极的新型混合电容器

混合电容器由于兼具电池高能量密度和超级电容器高功率密度的优势,成为当前储能领域的研究热点。然而,电池电极和电容电极之间容量和功率的不平衡严重限制了混合电容器的实际性能。因此,如何实现二者的有效匹配,优化器件性能是混合电容器实用化的关键。阵列电极的使用打破传统粉末电极中不导电粘结剂对电化学动力学的限制,其独特的结构为正负极的匹配提供了新策略。此专论结合新型储能器件的研究现状以及本课题组在混合电容器方面的探索,简单探讨了混合电容器的储能机理和阵列结构作为电极材料的优势,着重介绍了本课题组近年来在混合电容器领域的研究工作,针对存在的科学问题提出了相应的解决方案,阐明了阵列电极混合电容器在柔性/可穿戴电子器件等领域的应用前景,并展望了混合电容器在未来的发展方向和挑战。

马来酸酐改性木质素对聚乳酸/环氧大豆油性能的影响

制备了一种基于马来酸酐改性木质素(LM)、环氧大豆油(ESO)与聚乳酸(PLA)的全生物基复合材料(PLA/ESO/LM)。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对LM进行测试与分析,确认马来酸酐改性木质素的结构;以差示扫描量热仪、热重分析仪、偏光显微镜等研究复合材料的热学性能及内部结构。结果表明,与PLA相比,PLA/ESO/LM复合材料冷结晶温度降低,结晶行为增强,结晶度提高;同时PLA/ESO/LM复合材料的初始热分解温度比PLA提高了35℃,表现出更高的热稳定性。通过优化复合材料的比例得出PLA/20ESO/0.5LM的复合材料具有最优的综合性能,拉伸强度为55 MPa,断裂伸长率提升到198%,约为PLA的20倍,PLA材料的综合性能得到极大提高。

Electrolyte Concentration Regulation Boosting Zinc Storage Stability of High-Capacity K0.486V2O5 Cathode for Bendable Quasi-Solid-State Zinc Ion Batteries

Vanadium-based cathodes have attracted great interest in aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)due to their large capacities,good rate performance and facile synthesis in large scale.However,their practical application is greatly hampered by vanadium dissolution issue in conventional dilute electrolytes.Herein,taking a new potassium vanadate K0.486V2O5(KVO)cathode with large interlayer spacing(~0.95 nm)and high capacity as an example,we propose that the cycle life of vanadates can be greatly upgraded in AZIBs by regulating the concentration of ZnCl2 electrolyte,but with no need to approach“water-in-salt”threshold.With the optimized moderate concentration of 15 m ZnCl2 electrolyte,the KVO exhibits the best cycling stability with ~95.02% capacity retention after 1400 cycles.We further design a novel sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)-moderate concentration ZnCl2 gel electrolyte with high ionic conductivity of 10.08 mS cm^-1 for the first time and assemble a quasi-solid-state AZIB.This device is bendable with remarkable energy density(268.2 Wh kg^−1),excellent stability(97.35% after 2800 cycles),low self-discharge rate,and good environmental(temperature,pressure)suitability,and is capable of powering small electronics.The device also exhibits good electrochemical performance with high KVO mass loading(5 and 10 mg cm^-2).Our work sheds light on the feasibility of using moderately concentrated electrolyte to address the stability issue of aqueous soluble electrode materials.

Optimization of an Existing Coal-fired Power Plant with CO²Capture

Nowadays, the worsening environmental issue caused by CO2 emission is greatly aggravated by human activity. Many CO2 reduction technologies are under fast development. Among these, monoethanolamine (MEA) based CO2 capture technology has been paid great attention. However, when connecting the CO2 capture process with a coal-fired power plant, the huge energy and efficiency penalty caused by CO2 capture has become a serious problem for its application. Thus, it is of great significance to reduce the related energy consumption. Based on an existing coal-fired power plant, this paper proposes a new way for the decarburized retrofitting of the coal-fired power plant, which helps to improve the overall efficiency of the power plant with less energy and efficiency penalty. The decarburized retrofitting scheme proposed will provide a new route for the CO2 capture process in China.

PDCA循环法在促进中药注射剂合理用药的应用

目的利用PDCA循环法减少我院中药注射剂不合理用药现象,促进临床合理用药。方法利用PDCA循环法分析我院住院病历中药注射剂的不合理用药原因并进行干预,对干预前后用药的合理率进行效果分析。结果通过PDCA循环法干预,中药注射剂使用的合理率从55.4%上升到79.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经PDCA循环法干预临床用药,我院合理用药水平得到明显提高,保证了患者用药安全。

Magnetic anisotropy manipulation and interfacial coupling in Sm_(3)Fe_(5)O_(12)films and CoFe/Sm_(3)Fe_(5)O_(12)heterostructures

The magnetic anisotropy manipulation in the Sm_(3)Fe_(5)O_(12)(SmIG)films and its effect on the interfacial spin coupling in the CoFe/SmIG heterostructures were studied carefully.By switching the orientation of the Gd_(3)Ga_(5)O_(12)substrates from(111)to(001),the magnetic anisotropy of obtained SmIG films shifts from in-plane to out-of-plane.Similar results can also be obtained in the films on Gd_(3)Ga_(5)O_(12)substrates,which identifies the universality of such orientation-induced magnetic anisotropy switching.Additionally,the interfacial spin coupling and magnetic anisotropy switching effect on the spin wave in CoFe/SmIG magnetic heterojunctions have also been explored by utilizing the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect technique.It is intriguing to find that both the frequency and effective damping factor of spin precession in CoFe/SmIG heterojunctions can be manipulated by the magnetic anisotropy switching of SmIG films.These findings not only provide a route for the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy acquisition but also give a further path for spin manipulation in magnetic films and heterojunctions.

Thermo-Dynamical Analysis on Electricity-Generation Subsystem of CAES Power Plant

Besides pumped hydropower, Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is the other solution for large energy storage capacity. It can balance fluctuations in supply and demand of electricity. CAES is essential part of smart power grids. Linked with the flow structure and dynamic characteristic of electricity generation subsystem and its components, a simulation model is proposed. Thermo-dynamical performance on off-design conditions have been analyzed with constant air mass flux and constant gas combustion temperature. Some simulation diagrams of curve are plotted too. The contrast of varied operation mode thermal performance is made between CAES power plant and simple gas turbine power plant.

牙龈肥大疾病的鉴别诊断及治疗策略

牙龈肥大已成为临床上较为常见的口腔表征,严重者影响咀嚼。同样表现为牙龈肥大,但疾病的性质可能截然不同,有可治愈的牙龈疾病,也有恶性疾病在口腔的表现,不同疾病的治疗策略和方法迥异,因此需要仔细鉴别。本文将介绍如何鉴别各种牙龈肥大性疾病,并介绍对牙龈肥大性疾病的治疗策略。

CRISPR-mediated RNA base editing:a promising strategy to rescue deafness

A recent study published in Science Translational Medicine by Xiao et al.reported the use of mini dCas13X-based adenosine base editor(mxABE)to correct a mutant transcript and rescued the auditory function of an autosomal dominant hearing loss disease(Fig.1).

Occurrence and infection risk of waterborne pathogens in Wanzhou watershed of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

The Three Gorges Reservoir （TGR）, formed by China＇s Yangtze Three Gorges Project, is the largest lake in the world, but there is too little information available about fecal contamination and waterborne pathogen impacts on this aquatic ecosystem. During two successive 1-year study periods （July 2009 to July 2011）, the water quality in Wanzhou watershed of the TGR was tested with regard to the presence of fecal indicators and pathogens. According to Chinese and World Health Organization water quality standards, water quality in the mainstream was good but poor in backwater areas. Salmonella, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli （EHEC）, Giardia and Cryptosporidium were detected in the watershed. Prevalence and concentrations of the pathogens in the mainstream were lower than those in backwater areas. The estimated risk of infection with Salmonella, EHEC, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia per exposure event ranged from 2.9 × 10 -7 to 1.68 × 10-5 , 7.04 × 10-10 to 2.36 × 10-7 , 5.39 × 10-6 to 1.25 × 10-4 and 0 to 1.2 × 10-3 , respectively, for occupational divers and recreational swimmers exposed to the waters. The estimated risk of infection at exposure to the 95% upper confidence limit concentrations of Salmonella, Cryptosporidium and Giardia may be up to 2.62 × 10-5 , 2.55 × 10-4 and 2.86 × 10-3 , respectively. This study provides useful information for the residents, health care workers and managers to improve the safety of surface water and reduce the risk of fecal contamination in the TGR.

水系混合超级电容器先进电极材料与器件研究进展

使用有毒、易燃有机电解液的传统电化学储能器件存在较大的安全隐患.相比之下,新型水系混合超级电容器(AHSCs)具有更高的安全性和环境友好性.AHSCs作为水系电池和水系超级电容器之间的桥梁,能够结合电池电极高的比容量和电容电极大功率和长寿命的优点,有望与电池系统结合使用或者完全替代电池系统.在过去的几十年中,研究者致力于开发先进的电极材料和设计结构新颖的水系混合电容器.然而,全电池搭配时电池型电极和电容型电极存在容量和动力学不匹配的问题.本文从电池电极、电容电极和新型电解质的概念设计三个方面综述了AHSCs的研究进展,讨论了具有“双离子”储能机制和非极性特性的多功能AHSCs,并进一步阐述了多价AHSCs(特别是锌离子AHSCs)的最新进展及有待解决的关键问题.最后,本文总结了AHSCs面临的挑战,并对未来构筑更高功率密度和多功能AHSCs器件的发展方向作出了展望.

NLRP3 Deficiency Attenuates Secondary Degeneration of Visual Cortical Neurons Following Optic Nerve Injury

In the visual pathway, optic nerve(ON) injury may cause secondary degeneration of neurons in distal regions, such as the visual cortex. However, the role of the neuroinflammatory response in regulating secondary impairment in the visual cortex after ON injury remains unclear. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3) is an important regulator of neuroinflammation. In this study, we established a mouse model of unilateral ON crush(ONC) and showed that the expression of NLRP3 was significantly increased in the primary visual cortex(V1) as a response to ONC and that the NLRP3 inflammasome was activated in the contralateral V1 1 days–14 days after ONC. Ablation of the NLRP3 gene significantly decreased the trans-neuronal degeneration within 14 days. Visual electrophysiological function was improved in NLRP3-/- mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that NLRP3 is a potential therapeutic target for protecting visual cortical neurons against degeneration after ON injury.

Rotational motions of the Ms7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake with ground tilt data

Observation and research of rotational motions induced by earthquake has been ignored in the past decades due to the lack of understanding of important ground rotational motions and practical difficulty involved in directly measuring the rotational components. Currently, there is a paucity of methods to directly measure rotational motions in China. The present study attempts to discuss the possibility of obtaining seismic rotation from ground tilt data. The rotational motions generated by shear dislocation source are derived based on the displacement formula of elastic wavefields in the homogenous space. The characteristics of the three components of translational and rotational motions in near, intermediate, and far fields are compared and analyzed. Based on the corresponding relationship between the rotation and ground tilt on free surface boundary, a method to indirectly construct the rotational motions in the layered half space is obtained. Finally, the theoretical rotational motions generated by the Ms7.0 earthquake in Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan Province, on August 8, 2017 are calculated. The results indicate that the rotational motions generated by the Jiuzhaigou earthquake are concentrated in the vicinity of the epicenter(approximately150 km) and mainly distributed in the area perpendicular to the fault strike. The existence of free surface boundary attenuates the total energy of the rotational field and especially in the direction of the dominant energy. The ground tilt data is compared with rotational motions in the layered half space, and the results indicate that theoretical rotations and actual ground tilt data are essentially consistent, especially in the far field region. Thus, it is possible to obtain horizontal components of rotation from ground tilt data, and this provides more information for a complete description of the motion characteristics of an underground medium.

A Micro Structure POF Relative Humidity Sensor Modified With Agarose Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance and Evanescent Wave Loss

A novel high sensitivity relative humidity(RH)sensor was proposed by using micro structure plastic optical fiber(POF)based on the surface plasmon resonance(SPR)effect and the evanescent wave(EW)loss.The micro structure was fabricated on the POF and coated with a gold layer and agarose,adopting the sputtering and dip-coating technique.These construction effects on the attenuation of power caused by the SPR effect and the EW loss were used to perform RH detections.The agarose9s different refractive indexes(RIs)caused fluctuations in the transmission power when the humidity increased.The demonstrated experimental results showed that the proposed sensor achieved a linear response from 20%RH to 80%RH with a high sensitivity of 0.595μW/%.The proposed sensor had the advantages of fast response and recovery.Furthermore,the temperature dependence and the repeatability test of the sensor were also performed.

Binder-free electrodes for advanced potassium-ion batteries:A review

Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)have attracted enormous attention due to the abundance of potassium resources,low cost,fast ionic conductivity of electrolyte and relatively high operating voltage.Despite great effo rts and progress,researches on PIBs are still at the initial stage,especially in the emerging field of flexible and wearable PIBs.The inevitable challenges for PIBs include low reversible capacity,unsatisfactory cycling stability and insufficient energy density,the solution to which mostly relies on designing adva nced electrodes.Binder-free electrodes have emerged as promising electrode architecture for PIBs.Such electrodes avoid the use of insulating binders,which can be designed with various synergistic functional materials to address the aforementioned PIB issues and be endowed with flexibility/wearability.In this review,we mainly summarize the recent progress on binde r-free electrodes for PIBs,with the focus on the methodologies,detailed strategies and functional materials for electrode construction.One strategy for binder-free electrodes is to assemble free-standing architecture with the help of carbon nanotubes(CNTs),graphitic fibers,and other carbon or mechanically robust materials,either alone or in combination.The other effective strategy is current collector substrate-assisted direct growth,including the use of carbon cloth,metal.MXenes and other conductive substrates.Additionally,challenges and research opportunities are put forward at the end as the guidance for future development of binder-free PIB devices.

High-accuracy mode recognition method in orbital angular momentum optical communication system

Vortex optical communication has been a hot research field in recent years. A key step is mode recognition in the orbital angular momentum(OAM) free-space optical(FSO) communication system. In this article, we propose an OAM mode recognition method based on image recognition technology, which uses the interferogram between the vortex beam and the Gaussian beam to identify the OAM mode. In order to resist the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the recognition accuracy, we added a Gaussian smoothing filter into the recognition process. Moreover, we used random phase screens to generate interferogram sets at distances of 1 km and 2 km. The verification result shows that the proposed scheme produces high identification accuracy for the distorted optical field. The average accuracy can reach 100% and 87.78% under the conditions of medium-and strong-turbulence levels, respectively. It is anticipated that these results might be helpful for improving the reliability of the OAM-FSO communication system in the future.

Surface-adaptive nanoparticles with near-infrared aggregation-induced emission for image-guided tumor resection

Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)nanoparticles(NPs)are widely used for image-guided tumor resection because of their high signal-to-noise ratios and long systemic circulation time.These NPs are derived by encapsulating small-molecule fluorescent dyes with AIE property inside the cores of NPs assembled by amphiphilic polymers.Although the systemic circulation of AIE NPs is prolonged,hydrophilic polymer coatings simultaneously decrease the binding and uptake of AIE NPs by tumor cells.To overcome this problem,surface-adaptive AIE dye-encapsulated mixed-shell micelles(MSMs)with polyethylene glycol/poly(β-amino ester)(PEG/PAE)surfaces were prepared.Due to the charge conversion ability of PAE,MSMs demonstrated enhanced cellular uptake by tumor cells in acidic conditions.In addition,compared with single-PEG-shelled micelles(PEGSMs),MSMs exhibited prolonged systemic circulation due to the presence of micro-phase separated surfaces.Moreover,due to the coordination effect of enhanced cancer cell uptake and prolonged systemic circulation time,MSMs were more enriched than PEGSMs in the tumor cells and exhibited excellent performance during image-guided tumor resection.

PDGFR kinase inhibitor protects against septic death via regulation of BTLA

Sepsis,defined as life-threatening organ failure caused by a dysregulated host response to severe infection,is a major cause of death among intensive care unit patients.Therapies targeting on immunomodulatory is a new research field in sepsis treatment.B-and T-lymphocyte attenuator(BTLA)is an inhibitory costimulatory factor molecule of B and T lymphocytes.Studies have shown that elevated expression of BTLA in lymphocytes can reduce mortality in sepsis,but its regulatory compounds and the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated.Here,we show that treatment with CP-673451 significantly decreases mortality of septic mouse.CP-673451 is a PDGFR kinase inhibitor which can promote the expression of BTLA,inhibit the release of chemokines such as CXCL13,and reduce first the chemotaxis of B cells to the peripheral blood and vital organs.CP-673451 also inhibits both the release of cytokines and chemokines such as IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10,TNF-α,CCL1,CCL2 and CCL7 and reduces both the chemotactic ability of T cells.This suggests that CP-673451 may prevent septic death by inhibiting lymphocyte chemotaxis and alleviating“cytokine storm”.In conclusion,our study provides a new therapeutic target and an effective compound for sepsis treatment.

Applications and challenges of CRISPR-Cas gene-editing to disease treatment in clinics

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-associated systems(Cas)are efficient tools for targeting specific genes for laboratory research,agricultural engineering,biotechnology,and human disease treatment.Cas9,by far the most extensively used gene-editing nuclease,has shown great promise for the treatment of hereditary diseases,viral infection,cancers,and so on.Recent reports have revealed that some other types of CRISPR-Cas systems may also have surprising potential to join the fray as gene-editing tools for various applications.Despite the rapid progress in basic research and clinical tests,some underlying problems present continuous,significant challenges,such as editing efficiency,relative difficulty in delivery,off-target effects,immunogenicity,etc.This article summarizes the applications of CRISPR-Cas from bench to bedside and highlights the current obstacles that may limit the usage of CRISPR-Cas systems as gene-editing toolkits in precision medicine and offer some viewpoints that may help to tackle these challenges and facilitate technical development.CRISPR-Cas systems,as a powerful gene-editing approach,will offer great hopes in clinical treatments for many individuals with currently incurable diseases.