基于增强型半监督生成对抗网络的糖尿病视网膜病变识别

糖尿病视网膜病变(Diabetic Retinopathy, DR)是由糖尿病引起的视网膜血管壁受损致使视觉功能下降的一种具有特异性改变的眼底病变,是主要致盲疾病之一。在医学图像处理中,糖尿病视网膜病变诊疗通常面临高质量标注样本少和未标注数据不能充分利用的困境。基于此,本文利用增强的半监督生成对抗网络对糖尿病视网膜病变等级和程度进行识别,实现更高的识别精度和泛化能力,最终四分类任务中准确率达到77.2%,二分类任务中AUC达到93.9%。

Method for evaluation of the cleanliness grade of coal resources in the Huainan Coalfield,Anhui,China:a case study

Based on analysis of a large data set and supplementary sampling and analysis for hazardous trace elements in coal samples from the Huainan Coalfield,a generalized contrast-weighted scale index method was used to establish a model to evaluate the grade of coal cleanliness and its regional distribution in the main coal seam(No.13-1)The results showed that:(1)The contents of Cr,Mn and Ni in the coal seam are relatively high and the average values are greater than 20μg/g.The contents of Se and Hg are at a high level while most other trace elements are at normal levels.(2)The cleanliness grade of the coal seam is mainly grade III-IV,which corresponds to a relatively good-medium coal cleanliness grade.However,some parts of the seam are at grade V(relatively poor coal cleanliness).(3)Coal of relatively good cleanliness grade(grade III)is distributed mainly in the regions corresponding to the Zhuji-Dingji-Gubei coal mines and in the eastern periphery of the Panji coal mine.Coal of medium cleanliness(grade IV)is distributed mainly in the regions of the Panji-Xiejiaji and Kouzidong coalmines.Relatively poor grade coal(grade V)is distributed in the southwest regions of the coalfield and the contents of Cr,As and Hg in coal collected from the relatively poor coal cleanliness regions often exceed the regulatory standards for the maximum concentration limits.

Characteristics and geological significance of germanium in Taiyuan coal formation of Huainan Coalfield,Anhui,China

HN-1#is the first fully working coring well of the Taiyuan Formation(Ty)in the Huinan Coalfield and exploration studies are currently underway on the associated resources of the coal-bearing strata.The HN-1#well is located in the Fufeng thrust nappe structural belt in the south of the Huainan Coalfield.Three coal samples from the Ty were collected from HN-1#and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry were used to determine the Ge content of each sample.Based on proximate and ultimate analyses,microscopy data,and analyses of the ash products,some important findings were made.The Ty coal samples had a relatively high total sulfur(Sud)content(4.24%),thus the coal was considered to be a lower ranked coal(high volatility bituminous coal),which also had a low coal ash composition index(k,1.87).Collodetrinite was the main submaceral of the Ty coal.Small amounts of pyrite particles were found in the coal seams of the Ty,while the contents of pyrite and algae in the top and bottom sections of the coal seam were relatively high,which meant that the swampy peat conditions which existed during the formation of the coal seams were affected by seawater;also the degree of mineralization of the coal seam was relatively high,which is consistent with reducing conditions in a coastal environment setting.Atomic force microscopy(AFM)experiments showed that the modes of occurrence of Ge in the Ty coal were mainly those for organic-bound and adsorbed Ge species.The organic carbon isotope values for the Ty coal ranged from-24.1‰to-23.8‰,with an average value of-24.0‰,which is equivalent to the value for terrestrial plants(average value-24.0‰).The Ge content of the Ty coal was 13.57 mg/kg.The Ge content was negatively correlated with volatile matter and the ash yield.

DsbA-DsbAmut fusion chaperon improved soluble expression of human trypsinogen-1 in Escherichia coli

A co-expressing system ofDsbA-DsbAmut was suggested for the first time to enhance the soluble expression of human trypsin-1. As a control, leaderless DsbA chaperone was also co-expressed with human trypsin-1. Vectors pET39b-trypsin and pET28a-DsbA- DsbAn^ut-trypsin with the above two DsbA fusion tag were constructed. The strain with vector pET39b-trypsin expressed fusion protein DsbA-trypsin in form of inclusion bodies. While in E. coli BL21 （DE3） strain with vector pET28a-DsbA-DsbAmUt-trypsin, the soluble expression of trypsin fusion protein was achieved. Under the optimized expression conditions, the soluble fraction accounted for about 49.43% of total DsbA-DsbAmUt-trypsin proteins in crude supernatant. The purification yield was 4.15% by nickel chelating chromatography and 3.3 mg activated trypsin with a purity of 88.68% was obtained from 1 L LB broth. To detect the possible functions of DsbA series chaperons in trypsin fusion protein, we analyzed the primary three-dimensional structure of fusion proteins, mainly focusing on the compatibleness between trypsin and fusion chaperons. The results suggested that （1） besides the primary function in periplasm, leaderless DsbA or DsbAmut may also act as a signal sequences-like leader targeted to periplasm that partly relieved the pressure from fusion protein overexpression and inclusion body formation, and （2） as there was significant soluble expression of DsbA-DsbAmUt-trypsin compared with DsbA-trypsin, DsbArout may function as charge or hydrophobic balance in recombinant protein DsbA-DsbAmut- trypsin.

APFD:an effective approach to taxi route recommendation with mobile trajectory big data

With the rapid development of data-driven intelligent transportation systems,an efficient route recommendation method for taxis has become a hot topic in smart cities.We present an effective taxi route recommendation approach(called APFD)based on the artificial potential field(APF)method and Dijkstra method with mobile trajectory big data.Specifically,to improve the efficiency of route recommendation,we propose a region extraction method that searches for a region including the optimal route through the origin and destination coordinates.Then,based on the APF method,we put forward an effective approach for removing redundant nodes.Finally,we employ the Dijkstra method to determine the optimal route recommendation.In particular,the APFD approach is applied to a simulation map and the real-world road network on the Fourth Ring Road in Beijing.On the map,we randomly select 20 pairs of origin and destination coordinates and use APFD with the ant colony(AC)algorithm,greedy algorithm(A*),APF,rapid-exploration random tree(RRT),non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II(NSGA-II),particle swarm optimization(PSO),and Dijkstra for the shortest route recommendation.Compared with AC,A*,APF,RRT,NSGA-II,and PSO,concerning shortest route planning,APFD improves route planning capability by 1.45%–39.56%,4.64%–54.75%,8.59%–37.25%,5.06%–45.34%,0.94%–20.40%,and 2.43%–38.31%,respectively.Compared with Dijkstra,the performance of APFD is improved by 1.03–27.75 times in terms of the execution efficiency.In addition,in the real-world road network,on the Fourth Ring Road in Beijing,the ability of APFD to recommend the shortest route is better than those of AC,A*,APF,RRT,NSGA-II,and PSO,and the execution efficiency of APFD is higher than that of the Dijkstra method.

Anion-hosting cathodes for current and late-stage dual-ion batteries

Anion-hosting cathodes capable of reversibly storing large-size anions play a leading role in dual-ion batteries(DIBs). The purpose of the present review is to summarize the most promising anion-hosting cathodes for current and late-stage DIBs. This review first summarizes the developments in conventional graphite cathodes, especially the latest advances in the graphiterelated research. Next, organic cathodes for the anion storage are discussed, including aromatic amine polymers, heterocyclic polymers, bipolar compounds, and all-carbon-unsaturated compounds. Then, the review focuses on the conversion-type cathodes with high theoretical specific capacities. Finally, the future research directions of the cathodes of DIBs are proposed.