一种交联点可“滑动”的滑动轮凝胶的制备进展及思考

滑动轮凝胶具有"8"字型双环结构的交联点,这种交联点可以沿聚合物链发生滑移,受外力作用时,应力不仅集中在某一条链段,而可以通过滑轮效应分散到由双环结构交联的邻近链段。独特的结构赋予其普通化学或物理凝胶所不具备的性质。文中综述了这类凝胶的制备方法,通常首先制备出聚轮烷,再将聚轮烷上的环状分子桥连得到。后来又有先制备出聚轮烷,再将聚轮烷上的环糊精双键化改性作为一种通用型交联剂,将滑动效应引入更多的凝胶材料。还有先将环糊精引入双键,再将其制备成聚轮烷,目前已有成功实例。文中还介绍了其他多种将环糊精引入双键的改性实例,为制备具有滑动效应的聚轮烷交联剂提供一些思路。指出基于成本更低的β-环糊精制备的滑动轮凝胶也许更具备商业应用价值。

Propagation dynamics of a spatiotemporal vortex pulse in the spatial fractional system

The dynamics of wave packets carrying a spatiotemporal vortex in the spatial fractional system is still an open problem.The difficulty stems from the fact that the fractional Laplacian derivative is essentially a nonlocal operator,and the vortex is space-time coupled.Here,we investigate the transmission of spatiotemporal vortices in the spatial fractional wave equation(FWE)and demonstrate the effects of linewidth,vortex topological charge,and linear chirp modulation on the transmission of Bessel-type spatiotemporal vortex pulses(BSTVPs).Under narrowband conditions,we find that the propagation of BSTVP in the FWE can be seen as the coherent superposition of two linearly shifted half-BSTVPs and can reveal orbital angular momentum backflow for the half-BSTVP.Our analysis can be extended to other spatiotemporal vortex pulses.

Exosomes derived from impaired liver aggravate alveolar bone loss via shuttle of Fasn in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)exacerbates irreversible bone loss in periodontitis,but the mechanism of impaired bone regeneration caused by the abnormal metabolic process of T2DM remains unclear.Exosomes are regarded as the critical mediator in diabetic impairment of regeneration via organ or tissue communication.Here,we find that abnormally elevated exosomes derived from metabolically impaired liver in T2DM are significantly enriched in the periodontal region and induced pyroptosis of periodontal ligament cells(PDLCs).Mechanistically,fatty acid synthase(Fasn),the main differentially expressed molecule in diabetic exosomes results in ectopic fatty acid synthesis in PDLCs and activates the cleavage of gasdermin D.Depletion of liver Fasn effectively mitigates pyroptosis of PDLCs and alleviates bone loss.Our findings elucidate the mechanism of exacerbated bone loss in diabetic periodontitis and reveal the exosome-mediated organ communication in the“liver-bone”axis,which shed light on the prevention and treatment of diabetic bone disorders in the future.

Clinically applicable artificial intelligence algorithm for the diagnosis,evaluation,and monitoring of acute retinal necrosis

The prompt detection and proper evaluation of necrotic retinal region are especially important for the diagnosis and treatment of acute retinal necrosis(ARN).The potential application of artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms in these areas of clinical research has not been reported previously.The present study aims to create a computational algorithm for the automated detection and evaluation of retinal necrosis from retinal fundus photographs.A total of 149 wide-angle fundus photographs from40 eyes of 32 ARN patients were collected,and the U-Net method was used to construct the AI algorithm.Thereby,a novel algorithm based on deep machine learning in detection and evaluation of retinal necrosis was constructed for the first time.This algorithm had an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.92,with 86%sensitivity and 88%specificity in the detection of retinal necrosis.For the purpose of retinal necrosis evaluation,necrotic areas calculated by the AI algorithm were significantly positively correlated with viral load in aqueous humor samples(R2=0.7444,P<0.0001)and therapeutic response of ARN(R2=0.999,P<0.0001).Therefore,our AI algorithm has a potential application in the clinical aided diagnosis of ARN,evaluation of ARN severity,and treatment response monitoring.