Viral infections during pregnancy are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes,including maternal and fetal mortality,pregnancy loss,premature labor,and congenital anomalies.Mammalian gestation encounters an immunol...Viral infections during pregnancy are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes,including maternal and fetal mortality,pregnancy loss,premature labor,and congenital anomalies.Mammalian gestation encounters an immunological paradox wherein the placenta balances the tolerance of an allogeneic fetus with protection against pathogens.Viruses cannot easily transmit from mother to fetus due to physical and immunological barriers at the maternal-fetal interface posing a restricted threat to the fetus and newborns.Despite this,the unknown strategies utilized by certain viruses could weaken the placental barrier to trigger severe maternal and fetal health issues especially through vertical transmission,which was not fully understood until now.In this review,we summarize diverse aspects of the major viral infections relevant to pregnancy,including the characteristics of pathogenesis,related maternal-fetal complications,and the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of vertical transmission.We highlight the fundamental signatures of complex placental defense mechanisms,which will prepare us to fight the next emerging and re-emerging infectious disease in the pregnancy population.展开更多
Currently, mere are many onune review weo sites where consumers can freely write comments about different kinds of products and services. These comments are quite useful for other potential consumers. However, the num...Currently, mere are many onune review weo sites where consumers can freely write comments about different kinds of products and services. These comments are quite useful for other potential consumers. However, the number of online comments is often large and the number continues to grow as more and more consumers contribute. In addition, one comment may mention more than one product and con- tain opinions about different products, mentioning something good and something bad. However, they share only a single overall score, Therefore, it is not easy to know the quality of an individual product from these comments. This paper presents a novel approach to generate review summaries including scores and description snippets with re- spect to each individual product. From the large number of comments, we first extract the context （snippet） that includes a description of the products and choose those snippets that express consumer opinions on them. We then propose several methods to predict the rating （from 1 to 5 stars） of the snip- pets. Finally, we derive a generic framework for generating summaries from the snippets. We design a new snippet selec- tion algorithm to ensure that the returned results preserve the opinion-aspect statistical properties and attribute-aspect cov- erage based on a standard seat allocation algorithm. Through experiments we demonstrate empirically that our methods are effective. We also quantitatively evaluate each step of our ap- proach.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1004400 to BC)the National Natural Sciences Foundation in China(81971414 and 82130047 to BC)the Natural Sciences Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2020J06003 to BC)。
文摘Viral infections during pregnancy are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes,including maternal and fetal mortality,pregnancy loss,premature labor,and congenital anomalies.Mammalian gestation encounters an immunological paradox wherein the placenta balances the tolerance of an allogeneic fetus with protection against pathogens.Viruses cannot easily transmit from mother to fetus due to physical and immunological barriers at the maternal-fetal interface posing a restricted threat to the fetus and newborns.Despite this,the unknown strategies utilized by certain viruses could weaken the placental barrier to trigger severe maternal and fetal health issues especially through vertical transmission,which was not fully understood until now.In this review,we summarize diverse aspects of the major viral infections relevant to pregnancy,including the characteristics of pathogenesis,related maternal-fetal complications,and the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of vertical transmission.We highlight the fundamental signatures of complex placental defense mechanisms,which will prepare us to fight the next emerging and re-emerging infectious disease in the pregnancy population.
基金This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 61103039, 61232002, 61472345）, National Basic Research Program of China （2010CB731402） and Wuhan Key Lab Research Foundation （SKLSE2012-09-16）.
文摘Currently, mere are many onune review weo sites where consumers can freely write comments about different kinds of products and services. These comments are quite useful for other potential consumers. However, the number of online comments is often large and the number continues to grow as more and more consumers contribute. In addition, one comment may mention more than one product and con- tain opinions about different products, mentioning something good and something bad. However, they share only a single overall score, Therefore, it is not easy to know the quality of an individual product from these comments. This paper presents a novel approach to generate review summaries including scores and description snippets with re- spect to each individual product. From the large number of comments, we first extract the context （snippet） that includes a description of the products and choose those snippets that express consumer opinions on them. We then propose several methods to predict the rating （from 1 to 5 stars） of the snip- pets. Finally, we derive a generic framework for generating summaries from the snippets. We design a new snippet selec- tion algorithm to ensure that the returned results preserve the opinion-aspect statistical properties and attribute-aspect cov- erage based on a standard seat allocation algorithm. Through experiments we demonstrate empirically that our methods are effective. We also quantitatively evaluate each step of our ap- proach.
