Introduction:Changes in socio-economy and climate are affecting the demand of wood products globally.At the same time,society requires that forest supporting structures like biodiversity are maintained and preserved w...Introduction:Changes in socio-economy and climate are affecting the demand of wood products globally.At the same time,society requires that forest supporting structures like biodiversity are maintained and preserved while the demand for wood products is also covered.Management support systems,like forest simulation models,that are able to analyze connections as well as quantify trade-offs between forest structure management and biodiversity indicators are highly sought.However,such models are generally developed for the local plot or stand scale only and ecosystem-scale analyses are missing.In this study,we analyzed ways to interpret results from the single-tree forest simulator SILVA from the local to the ecosystem scale.We also analyzed the impacts of forest management on biodiversity using two species diversity indicators,the species profile index and the species intermingling,for scenarios adapted from the GLOBIOM model in the case study“Augsburg Western Forests”,a high productive region in South-Germany.In order to evaluate diversity tendencies across the ecosystem,we applied a moving window methodology.Results:The relevance of scale for the interpretation of management effects on species diversity was shown and clear differences between scenarios revealed.The differences between scenarios were particularly visible when comparing the two diversity indicators,especially because the species profile index focuses on vertical and horizontal information and the species intermingling focuses mainly on horizontal structures.Under a multifunctional scenario,biodiversity values could be preserved at all scales in the vertical dimension.However,under a bio-energy-oriented scenario diversity at the local scale was reduced,although at the ecosystem level,and only in the horizontal dimension,diversity remained at relatively high values.Conclusions:With this work,we can conclude that integrative modeling,with multiple scenarios,is highly needed to support forestry decision making and towards the evolution of forest management to consider the ecosystem scale,especially when the optimization of diversity is a management priority.展开更多
基金This research was funded through the 2015-2016 BiodivERsA COFUND for research proposals,with the national funders“German Ministry of Education and Research-BMBF”and“Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft-DFG.”
文摘Introduction:Changes in socio-economy and climate are affecting the demand of wood products globally.At the same time,society requires that forest supporting structures like biodiversity are maintained and preserved while the demand for wood products is also covered.Management support systems,like forest simulation models,that are able to analyze connections as well as quantify trade-offs between forest structure management and biodiversity indicators are highly sought.However,such models are generally developed for the local plot or stand scale only and ecosystem-scale analyses are missing.In this study,we analyzed ways to interpret results from the single-tree forest simulator SILVA from the local to the ecosystem scale.We also analyzed the impacts of forest management on biodiversity using two species diversity indicators,the species profile index and the species intermingling,for scenarios adapted from the GLOBIOM model in the case study“Augsburg Western Forests”,a high productive region in South-Germany.In order to evaluate diversity tendencies across the ecosystem,we applied a moving window methodology.Results:The relevance of scale for the interpretation of management effects on species diversity was shown and clear differences between scenarios revealed.The differences between scenarios were particularly visible when comparing the two diversity indicators,especially because the species profile index focuses on vertical and horizontal information and the species intermingling focuses mainly on horizontal structures.Under a multifunctional scenario,biodiversity values could be preserved at all scales in the vertical dimension.However,under a bio-energy-oriented scenario diversity at the local scale was reduced,although at the ecosystem level,and only in the horizontal dimension,diversity remained at relatively high values.Conclusions:With this work,we can conclude that integrative modeling,with multiple scenarios,is highly needed to support forestry decision making and towards the evolution of forest management to consider the ecosystem scale,especially when the optimization of diversity is a management priority.
