Antibacterial activity of leaves and inter-nodal callus extracts of Mentha arvensis L

Objective:To determine the anti-bacterial efficacy of chloroform,ethanol,ethyl acetate and water extracts of inter-nodal and leaves derived calli extracts from Mentha arvensis(M.arvensis) against Salmonella typhi(S.typhi),Streptococcus pyogenes(S.pyogenes),Proteus vulgaris(P. vulgaris) and Bacillus subtilis(B.subtilis).Methods:The inter-nodal and leaves segments of M.arvensis were cut into 0.5-0.7 cm in length and cultured on Murashige and Skoog solid medium supplemented with 3%sucrose,gelled with 0.7%agar and different concentration of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetie acid(2,4-D) either alone or in combinations.The preliminary phytochemical screening was performed by Brindha et al method.Antibacterial efficacy was performed by disc diffusion method and incubated for 24 h at 37℃.Results:Maximum percentage of callus formation(inter-nodal segments 84.3±0.78;leaves segments 93.8±1.27) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog’s basal medium supplemented with 3%sucrose and 1.5 mg/L of 2,4-D.The ethanol extracts of leaves derived calli showed the maximum bio-efficacy than other solvents.The leaves and stem derived calli extracts on Proteus sp.showed that the plants can be used in the treatment of urinary tract infection associated with Proteus sp.Through the bacterial efficacy studies,it is confirmed that the in vitro raised calli tissue was more effective compared to in vivo tissue.Conclusions:The bio-efficacy study confirmed that the calli mediated tissues showed the maximum zone of inhibition.The present study paved a protocol to establish high potential cell lines by in vitro culture.

In vivo and in vitro phytochemical and antibacterial efficacy of Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell.Arg.

Objective:To evaluate the phytochemical and anti-bacterial potential of mother plants in vivo and in vitro derived callus of Baliospermum montanum(B.montanum)(Willd.) Muell.-Arg. leaves and root.Methods:The in vitro derived rootlets and leaves segments of B.montanum were cut into 0.5-0.7 cm in length and cultured on Murashige and Skoog solid medium supplemented with 3%sucrose,gelled with 0.7%agar and different concentration of 2,4-D either alone or in combinations.The preliminary phytochemical screening was performed by Harborne method.Antibacterial efficacy was performed by well diffusion method and incubated for 24 h at 37℃.Results:The highest percentage of callus formation(leaves segments 86.9±0.56:root segments 78.7±0.51) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog’s basal medium supplemented with 3%sucrose and 2.0 mg/L of 2.4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid.The phytochemical study revealed the high quantity presence of steroids,triterpenoids,glycosides,saponins,alkaloids,flavanoids, phenolic compounds,tannins,sugars etc of root and leaves derived calli.The ethanol extract of leaves segment derived calli of B.montanum showed the maximum solubility and antimicrobial activity with the MIC ranged from 100 to 200μL.Conclusions:The preliminary phytochemical study confirmed that the calli mediated tissues showed the higher percentage of metabolite constituents and extraction value compared to the in vivo leaves and roots.The present study observation suggested that a possibility to establish high yielding genotypes by in vitro culture for production of medicinally important bioactive compounds.

A Chromatographic Study on the Glycosides of Aerva lanata L.

AIM:In order to identify the HPTLC profile(bio-marker),at species level,for the identification and confirmation of crude drugs,HPTLC separation was initiated on different parts of Aerva lanata L.from South India.METHODS:Preliminary phyto-chemical screening was done by the method of Harborne.HPTLC studies were carried out following Harborne and Wagner et al method.The Ethyl acetate-ethanol-water(8:2:1.2)was employed as mobile phase for glycosides.RESULTS:The methanolic extract of stem,leaves,root,flowers and seeds of A.lanata showed the presence of 23 different types of glycosides with 23 different Rf values with range 0.02 to 0.86.In general higher degree of glycoside diversity has been observed in vegetative parts when compared to the reproductive part.Maximum number(12)of glycosides has been observed in root followed by stem(9).CONCLUSION:The results of the present study supplemented the folkloric usage of the studied plants which possess several known and unknown bioactive com-pounds with bio-activity.By isolating and identifying these bioactive compounds new drugs can be formulated to treat various diseases.