Stand-level retention is an important component of sustainable forest management which aims to balance ecological,social and economic objectives.Long-term retention of mature forest structures at the time of harvestin...Stand-level retention is an important component of sustainable forest management which aims to balance ecological,social and economic objectives.Long-term retention of mature forest structures at the time of harvesting(variable retention)is intended to produce future forest stands that more closely resemble conditions that develop after natural disturbances,thereby maintaining greater diversity of habitats for a variety of organisms.Structure includes features such as live and dead trees representing multiple canopy layers,undisturbed understory vegetation and coarse woody debris.Over the past two decades,variable retention has become common on forest lands in the temperate rainforests of coastal British Columbia(BC)and has been applied to a lesser extent in inland forest types.Our review of studies in BC and in similar forest types in our region indicates that both aggregated and dispersed retention can contribute to biodiversity conservation by providing short-term‘life-boating’habitat for some species and by enhancing the structural characteristics of future stands.For example,greater abundance of species present in the pre-harvest forest have been documented for vegetation,birds,carabid beetles,gastropods,ectomycorrhizal fungi and soil fauna in retention cutblocks compared to clearcuts.There are,however,some negative consequences for timber production such as wind damage to retained trees and reduced growth rates of tree regeneration compared to clearcuts.The authors suggest an adaptive management approach for balancing competing objectives when faced with uncertainty.This includes monitoring the implementation and effectiveness of various strategies for achieving goals.Over two decades of experience applying variable retention harvesting to industrial-scale management of forest lands in BC suggests that it is possible to balance production of wood with biodiversity conservation.展开更多
基金by the Province of British Columbia(BC Ministry of Forests,Lands,Natural Resource Operations and Rural DevelopmentBC Forest Investment Account,Land Based Investment ProgramBC Forest Science Program),the University of British Columbia and forest companies(Cascadia Forest Products,MacMillan Bloedel Limited,Western Forest Products Inc.,Weyerhaeuser Company).Other than the scientists and field personnel directly involved in the research,the funding bodies did not have a role in the design of the studies,in the collection,analysis,and interpretation of data,and in writing the manuscript.
文摘Stand-level retention is an important component of sustainable forest management which aims to balance ecological,social and economic objectives.Long-term retention of mature forest structures at the time of harvesting(variable retention)is intended to produce future forest stands that more closely resemble conditions that develop after natural disturbances,thereby maintaining greater diversity of habitats for a variety of organisms.Structure includes features such as live and dead trees representing multiple canopy layers,undisturbed understory vegetation and coarse woody debris.Over the past two decades,variable retention has become common on forest lands in the temperate rainforests of coastal British Columbia(BC)and has been applied to a lesser extent in inland forest types.Our review of studies in BC and in similar forest types in our region indicates that both aggregated and dispersed retention can contribute to biodiversity conservation by providing short-term‘life-boating’habitat for some species and by enhancing the structural characteristics of future stands.For example,greater abundance of species present in the pre-harvest forest have been documented for vegetation,birds,carabid beetles,gastropods,ectomycorrhizal fungi and soil fauna in retention cutblocks compared to clearcuts.There are,however,some negative consequences for timber production such as wind damage to retained trees and reduced growth rates of tree regeneration compared to clearcuts.The authors suggest an adaptive management approach for balancing competing objectives when faced with uncertainty.This includes monitoring the implementation and effectiveness of various strategies for achieving goals.Over two decades of experience applying variable retention harvesting to industrial-scale management of forest lands in BC suggests that it is possible to balance production of wood with biodiversity conservation.
