This study was conducted to investigate the phylogenetic diversity of archaea in the rumen of adult and elderly yaks. Six domesticated female yaks, 3 adult yaks （（5.3±0.6） years old）, and 3 elderly yaks （（1...This study was conducted to investigate the phylogenetic diversity of archaea in the rumen of adult and elderly yaks. Six domesticated female yaks, 3 adult yaks （（5.3±0.6） years old）, and 3 elderly yaks （（10.7±0.6） years old）, were used for the rumen contents collection. Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was applied to examine the archaeal composition of rumen contents. A total of 92 901 high-quality archaeal sequences were analyzed, and these were assigned to 2 033 operational taxonomic units （OTUs）. Among these, 974 OTUs were unique to adult yaks while 846 OTUs were unique to elderly yaks; 213 OTUs were shared by both groups. At the phylum level, more than 99% of the obtained OTUs belonged to the Euryarchaeota phylum. At the genus level, the archaea could be divided into 7 archaeal genera. The 7 genera （i.e., Methanobrevibacter, Methanobacterium, Methanosphaera, Thermogymnomonas, Methanomicrobiu, Meth- animicrococcus and the unclassified genus） were shared by all yaks, and their total abundance accounted for 99% of the rumen archaea. The most abundant archaea in elderly and adult yaks were Methanobrevibacterand Thermogymnomonas, respectively. The abundance of Methanobacteria （class）, Methanobacteriales （order）, Methanobacteriaceae （family）, and Methanobrevibacter （genus） in elderly yaks was significantly higher than in adult yaks. In contrast, the abundance of Ther-mogymnomonas in elderly yaks was 34% lower than in adult yaks, though the difference was not statistically significant. The difference in abundance of other archaea was not significant between the two groups. These results suggested that the structure of archaea in the rumen of yaks changed with age. This is the first study to compare the phytogenetic differences of rumen archaeal structure and composition using the yak model.展开更多
To accelerate the training of support vector domain description （SVDD）, confidence support vector domain description （CSVDD） is proposed based on the observation that the description boundary is determined by a sm...To accelerate the training of support vector domain description （SVDD）, confidence support vector domain description （CSVDD） is proposed based on the observation that the description boundary is determined by a small subset of training data called support vectors. Namely, the number of training samples in the userdefined sphere is calculated and taken as the confidence measure, according to which the training samples are ranked in ascending order. Those former ranked ones are selected as the boundary targets for the SVDD training. Simulations on UCI data demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of CSVDD： the number of training targets and the training time are reduced without any loss of accuracy.展开更多
目的探讨目标-活动-运动环境(goals-activity-motor enrichment,GAME)疗法与姿势控制对重度脑性瘫痪患儿运动功能发育的影响,为改善重度脑性瘫痪患儿的运动功能提供循证医学依据。方法采用前瞻性病例对照研究,纳入重度脑性瘫痪患儿92例...目的探讨目标-活动-运动环境(goals-activity-motor enrichment,GAME)疗法与姿势控制对重度脑性瘫痪患儿运动功能发育的影响,为改善重度脑性瘫痪患儿的运动功能提供循证医学依据。方法采用前瞻性病例对照研究,纳入重度脑性瘫痪患儿92例,按照随机数字表法分为研究组(n=46)和常规治疗组(n=46)。研究组采用GAME疗法与姿势控制训练,常规治疗组采用神经发育学疗法。比较2组患儿治疗前及治疗6个月、治疗12个月时粗大运动功能量表88项评估(gross motor function measure,GMFM-88)中的仰卧位与俯卧位(A区)和坐位(B区)、精细功能评估(fine motor function measure,FMFM)中视觉追踪(A区)和上肢关节活动(B区)、坐位能力(level of sitting scale,LSS)、疼痛(face-legs-activity-cry-consolability,FLACC)和日常生活活动能力量表(activitydaily livingscale,ADL)评分。结果2组GMFM-88(A区与B区)、FMFM(A区与B区)、LSS及ADL评分均呈逐渐升高趋势,FLACC评分呈逐渐降低趋势,研究组GMFM-88(A区与B区)、FMFM(A区与B区)、LSS及ADL评分高于常规治疗组,FLACC评分低于常规治疗组,组间、时点间、组间·时点间交互作用差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论GAME疗法与姿势控制可以提高重度脑性瘫痪患儿粗大运动功能、坐位能力和精细运动功能,缓解疼痛,改善日常生活活动能力。展开更多
基金the International Cooperation Project of the Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China(2014DFA32860)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31402104)for their financial support
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the phylogenetic diversity of archaea in the rumen of adult and elderly yaks. Six domesticated female yaks, 3 adult yaks （（5.3±0.6） years old）, and 3 elderly yaks （（10.7±0.6） years old）, were used for the rumen contents collection. Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was applied to examine the archaeal composition of rumen contents. A total of 92 901 high-quality archaeal sequences were analyzed, and these were assigned to 2 033 operational taxonomic units （OTUs）. Among these, 974 OTUs were unique to adult yaks while 846 OTUs were unique to elderly yaks; 213 OTUs were shared by both groups. At the phylum level, more than 99% of the obtained OTUs belonged to the Euryarchaeota phylum. At the genus level, the archaea could be divided into 7 archaeal genera. The 7 genera （i.e., Methanobrevibacter, Methanobacterium, Methanosphaera, Thermogymnomonas, Methanomicrobiu, Meth- animicrococcus and the unclassified genus） were shared by all yaks, and their total abundance accounted for 99% of the rumen archaea. The most abundant archaea in elderly and adult yaks were Methanobrevibacterand Thermogymnomonas, respectively. The abundance of Methanobacteria （class）, Methanobacteriales （order）, Methanobacteriaceae （family）, and Methanobrevibacter （genus） in elderly yaks was significantly higher than in adult yaks. In contrast, the abundance of Ther-mogymnomonas in elderly yaks was 34% lower than in adult yaks, though the difference was not statistically significant. The difference in abundance of other archaea was not significant between the two groups. These results suggested that the structure of archaea in the rumen of yaks changed with age. This is the first study to compare the phytogenetic differences of rumen archaeal structure and composition using the yak model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6057407560674108).
文摘To accelerate the training of support vector domain description （SVDD）, confidence support vector domain description （CSVDD） is proposed based on the observation that the description boundary is determined by a small subset of training data called support vectors. Namely, the number of training samples in the userdefined sphere is calculated and taken as the confidence measure, according to which the training samples are ranked in ascending order. Those former ranked ones are selected as the boundary targets for the SVDD training. Simulations on UCI data demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of CSVDD： the number of training targets and the training time are reduced without any loss of accuracy.
文摘目的探讨目标-活动-运动环境(goals-activity-motor enrichment,GAME)疗法与姿势控制对重度脑性瘫痪患儿运动功能发育的影响,为改善重度脑性瘫痪患儿的运动功能提供循证医学依据。方法采用前瞻性病例对照研究,纳入重度脑性瘫痪患儿92例,按照随机数字表法分为研究组(n=46)和常规治疗组(n=46)。研究组采用GAME疗法与姿势控制训练,常规治疗组采用神经发育学疗法。比较2组患儿治疗前及治疗6个月、治疗12个月时粗大运动功能量表88项评估(gross motor function measure,GMFM-88)中的仰卧位与俯卧位(A区)和坐位(B区)、精细功能评估(fine motor function measure,FMFM)中视觉追踪(A区)和上肢关节活动(B区)、坐位能力(level of sitting scale,LSS)、疼痛(face-legs-activity-cry-consolability,FLACC)和日常生活活动能力量表(activitydaily livingscale,ADL)评分。结果2组GMFM-88(A区与B区)、FMFM(A区与B区)、LSS及ADL评分均呈逐渐升高趋势,FLACC评分呈逐渐降低趋势,研究组GMFM-88(A区与B区)、FMFM(A区与B区)、LSS及ADL评分高于常规治疗组,FLACC评分低于常规治疗组,组间、时点间、组间·时点间交互作用差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论GAME疗法与姿势控制可以提高重度脑性瘫痪患儿粗大运动功能、坐位能力和精细运动功能,缓解疼痛,改善日常生活活动能力。
