混菌发酵紫山药酒工艺优化及品质分析研究

为改善紫山药酒风味,该研究用酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)与德尔布有孢圆酵母(Torulaspora delbrueckii)混和发酵制备紫山药酒。以感官评分与酒精度为评价指标,通过单因素结合正交试验对其发酵工艺进行优化,同时分析德尔布有孢圆酵母的加入对紫山药酒抗氧化性、有机酸及挥发性成分的影响。结果表明,紫山药酒最优发酵工艺为:酿酒酵母接种量8%,德尔布有孢圆酵母接种量4.8%,蔗糖添加量20%,发酵温度23℃,发酵时间10d。在此条件下酿造的紫山药酒,感官评分为92分,酒精度为10.3%vol,总酚含量为508mg/L,花青素含量为185mg/L。德尔布有孢圆酵母的加入显著增加了紫山药酒的抗氧化能力、有机酸含量和挥发性香气成分,与酿酒酵母单菌发酵酒相比,其1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、超氧阴离子与羟基自由基的清除率分别提高了11.2%、4.9%与2.8%;有机酸总量增加了0.52g/L;香气成分由11种升高到28种,酯类和醛类的种类和含量有所提升。综上,德尔布有孢圆酵母赋予了紫山药酒更多风味物质,在一定程度上提高了紫山药酒的品质。

基于高通量基因测序分析腐乳微生物多样性

研究腐乳生产过程中环境微生物对其品质及风味的影响。选择自然发酵腐乳和纯种发酵腐乳,通过高通量基因测序技术鉴定腐乳中微生物的多样性和丰度,其中细菌采用16S rDNA测序,真菌采用ITS1测序。结果表明,在细菌门水平上,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)是4个腐乳样品的主要菌门。真菌门水平主要是子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、unclassified_k__Fungi、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和毛霉亚门(Mucoromycota)。在细菌种水平上,草莓假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fragi)在A、B、C、D 4种样品中相对丰度都很高,分别为2.30%、20.95%、12.51%、48.75%,且在自然发酵腐乳中的含量高于纯种发酵腐乳。真菌主要菌种是酵母菌,样品A主要包括unclassified_k__Fungi(63.20%)和粉状米勒酵母(Millerozyma farinosa)(25.80%)。在B、C、D三个样品中以Debaryomyces prosopidis为主,相对丰度分别为37.60%、51.70%、85.90%。

凝固剂种类及添加量对豆腐质构的影响

豆腐是一种高蛋白的凝胶产品,当加热豆浆使大豆蛋白变性后,在凝固剂的作用下,大豆蛋白相互聚集和结合形成具有凝胶特性的三维网络结构,豆腐的质构与凝固剂的种类及用量直接相关。本文分别以石膏、卤水、葡萄糖酸内酯为凝固剂,探究了不同凝固剂及用量对豆腐凝胶形成的影响,并通过TPA测试和穿刺测试来验证豆腐的质构。结果表明:卤水豆腐的硬度、表面强度、黏性等指标远高于石膏豆腐和葡萄糖酸内酯豆腐,说明卤水做的豆腐较硬,保水性差,适合做老豆腐;石膏和葡萄糖酸内酯做的豆腐硬度、表面强度、黏性等指标较为接近,保水性好,适合做嫩豆腐。

无人机课程理论与实践教学改革研究

无人机由于成本低、机械结构简单和机动性高等特性,近年来发展迅速。无人机技术也逐渐走进课堂,甚至成为高校专业发展的方向。本文介绍了无人机课程理论与实践教学内容。由浅入深,循序渐进,逐步引导学生学习操控四旋翼无人机、编写无人机程序代码以及组队完成综合性课程设计等这一系列课程内容,提高无人机课堂教学质量。

含区间参数的多体系统特征值问题分析

在工程中,机械系统的加工测量误差、几何、材料以及约束条件等的不确定性对系统振动特性影响显著。针对不确定性多体系统动力学问题,传统的概率方法和模糊方法都需要大量的统计数据来进一步分别获得不确定参数的概率分布函数和模糊度隶属函数。然而在实际工程中,通过大量标准试验来获取大量样本资料,进而获得较为准确的概率分布函数和模糊度隶属函数的做法是难以实现的。为此,建立一种基于区间算法和多体系统传递矩阵法且含区间参数的多体系统特征值问题的分析方法。该方法无需建立系统总体动力学方程,只需要知道不确定参数的上、下界限,即可快速进行计算分析。同时,该方法将区间算法与复杂计算过程解耦,能更好地控制区间算法中区间放大现象。最后,分别应用文中方法与扫描法对含不确定参数的链式多刚体系统和机床多刚柔体系统特征值问题进行计算分析,两种方法的计算结果吻合较好,证明了文中方法的有效性和高效性。

Cultural Confidence as a National Strategy: Significance and Construction

In the context of globalization, Western values keep expanding across the globe, maintaining their dominance. Domestically, the development of Chinese culture lags behind its economic growth. Globally, China has yet to develop a significant power of speech. Also, China's overseas image is not in line with its real strength. The introduction of cultural confidence, therefore, is a must move to tackle China's dilemma of international cultural communications and also an emergency measure to address a crisis of domestic cultural anxiety and identity. Cultural cognition, cultural communications, and cultural development are prerequisites for building and boosting cultural confidence. For the construction of cultural confidence, key actions include confronting the crisis of faith, conducting a self-examination of our culture, enhancing mainstream values, improving the compatible mechanisms, integrating traditional culture, and properly approaching Western culture.

The Application of Geographic Information System(GIS) to the Study of Chinese History

Historical geographic information system construction echoes the call of academic development in the information era and demonstrates the in-depth advancement of history studies. In recent years, an increasing number of data platforms have been built to facilitate historical information storage, display, management and analysis. In such a context, the geographic information system(GIS) begins to contribute to the study of Chinese history. Its contribution is highlighted in nine areas: historical climate, fluvial landforms, town economies, rural settlements, hydraulic societies, environmental changes, ancient cities, ancient maps and HGIS-enabled research methods. The application of GIS to the study of Chinese history initiates a reform in research methods and at the same time upgrades the philosophy of history studies, facilitating the utilization of a diversity of historical data(documents, ancient maps, remote-sensing images, archaeological information, etc.) for dynamic tracing and multi-factor comprehensive research. At present, restricted by traditional disciplinary boundaries, the construction of HGIS platforms remains slow and insufficient, making it difficult to extensively apply GIS to the study of Chinese history.

The Overseas Reception of Chinese Science Fiction Works from a Perspective of Western Interpretation Preference——A Case Study of Reader's Reception of Liu Cixin's The Three-Body Problem in the USA

The Three-Body Problem, written by Liu Cixin, won the 2015 Hugo Award for Best Novel, with over 200,000 copies in English already sold. This gure is hundreds of times the average sales volume of Chinese novels in the USA. Through qualitative and quantitative analyses of overseas readers' comments on The Three-Body Problem posted on the online platforms of Goodreads and Amazon, this paper concludes that the novel's success overseas lies in its catering to the concerns of overseas readers. The ThreeBody Problem is popular among overseas readership thanks to its re ection on the ultimate existence of mankind, science ction vision & imagination, literary familiarity & identi cation, ideological di erence-triggered cultural curiosity, and a good translation. This paper attempts to interpret Liu Cixin's work on the map of world literature from the perspective of overseas readers' preferences to provide references for contemporary Chinese science ction creation and overseas reception.

A Study on the Cooperative Mechanism of the Belt and Road Initiative from the Perspective of New Regionalism

The loosely-typed, duty-overlapped and subject-isolated cooperative mechanism of the Belt and Road Initiative has significantly limited the advancement of the initiative and affected the full play of its cooperative effect. New Regionalism is a theory of international relations that concerns international cooperation at the regional level. Its characteristics of multilevel, multi-topic and multi-subject conform to the cooperation needs of the Belt and Road Initiative and provide a guiding framework for the cooperative mechanism of the Initiative. According to the theoretical connotation of New Regionalism, the cooperative mechanism of the Belt and Road Initiative should enrich its cooperation forms, deepen cooperation topics and promote the participation of "State-Market-Society". This mechanism is expected to form various cooperation models, comprehensive governance and diversified participants to enable the smooth advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative.

Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind: International Law-based Principles and Approaches

Building a community with a shared future for mankind is an important guiding principle for China to address foreign affairs in this new era, and its profound connotations echo the spirit of international law. In the context of globalization, the ever-increasing common interests of the international community lay a material basis for building a community with a shared future for mankind. The doctrine of international community orientation, which is based on sovereignty and at the same time transcends sovereignty, forms an ideological basis for building a community with a shared future. Realizing international socialism and striking a balance between formalism and substantial justice is a moral prerequisite for building a community with a shared future. To reduce existing legal obstacles to international communications, the laws of all countries and regions exhibit a tendency towards legal assimilation, which is expected to be a domestic law approach to the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. The establishment of international legal systems and the development of international organizations have vigorously promoted and maintained world peace yet failed to bring about perpetual peace. International law should attach more importance to the facilitation of human inner peace so as to realize perpetual peace. This is a new international law-based approach to the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. China's peaceful rise, which is based on traditional Chinese culture and the basic principles of international law, is China's special contribution to this great cause.

“Chinese Social Work 2.0” and Its Historical and International Significance

This paper explores the idea of“Chinese social work 2.0”by reviewing the situation,issues,and needs of Chinese social work for further advancement in historical and comparative perspectives.The“10 years of Chinese social work(2006-2016)”vs.a 30-year history of rebuilding social work in the Chinese mainland can be explained with the transition of GPP(general public policy).This helps to understand the various pitfalls and seeming downturns in Chinese social work over the past years and to understand the major decisions of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)by understanding the historical backdrop and theoretical rationale of“seeking balance”meaning that China formally parts with its“GDP first”doctrine and withdraws its“economic state”GPP from the historical stage,and“seeking sufficiency”meaning that China continues to base its public policy on economic construction rather than to follow a welfare state GPP.Chinese social work professionals should take advantage of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)by highlighting the core issue of“balanced”development and play a leading role in promoting social fairness and justice.The precondition for fulfilling this role is that social work must be placed among the main disciplinary categories(“Group I subject of social science and humanities”)in China with the enhancement of research and faculty competence via well-designed(doctoral)social work education.

The Logic of Chinese Farmer’s Citizenization

Farmers’ citizenization concerns three logical aspects. First, farmers’ viability determines whether they can truly be citizenized and whether they can realize scale management of rural land. Second, farmers’ viability also determines the time for the realization of scale management of rural land and subsequently determines the coming of the Lewis turning point and commercialization point. Third, the key to viability’s coming into play lies in the government’s institutional supply. Citizenization is in step with the long process of scale management of farmland, the coming of the Lewis turning point and commercialization point, the eventual eradication of the impact of the household registration system, and the development of professional farmers. Farmers’ viability is the ultimate key to such synchronized challenges. There are two approaches to the enhancement of farmers’ viability. The first is “to invest in farmers” and the second is to alleviate the existing household registration system’s constraints on farmers. The first approach outweighs the second, for its quintessential essence is to increase farmers’ per capita capital, enhance their viability and transform China from a country with vast human resources into a country with quality human resources.

The Ideal Directions for the Advancement of Building an Ecological Civilization in the New Era: From Creating a Better Life for the Chinese People to Global Ecological Governance

According to the report to the 19th CPC National Congress, socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era with the specified strategical task of building China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious and beautiful. The report also stressed that building an ecological civilization is vital to sustaining the Chinese nation's development. Against such a backdrop, it is necessary to analyze the "building of an ecological civilization" from three directions, i.e. satisfying people's requirement for a better life, fulfilling the goal of the Beautiful China Initiative and taking the lead in global ecological governance. This is an inevitable requirement for the advancement of the harmonious coexistence between man and nature and at the same time corresponds to the internal demand for the implementation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.

Ancient Myths and the Construction of Regional Literary History——The General History of Sichuan Literature

The literary study of ancient mythology is a rational and necessary prerequisite for the study of the general history of Sichuan literature in the Pre-Qin period, though it can go beyond the study of literature. Compared with other Chinese regional literatures such as Jing-Chu literature, the insufficiency of the literalization of the early Ba-Shu myth, to some extent, devalues the Ba-Shu literature in the Pre-Qin period and affects its consistence. When dealing with the influence of ancient mythology on the development of Chinese regional literature, including Sichuan literature, we need to analyze the inherent impact of regional mythology on the developing literature using a three-step process: restoring and summarizing the mythological pedigree, uncovering the “conceptual structure” of the mythology, and explaining the impact of the mythology on the developing literature. This paper uses this three-step process to construct the general history of Sichuan literature.

On the Beginning and Transformation of Modern Chinese Historiography

After the First Opium War (1840-1842) there were increased academic interests in studying the history and geography of China’s northwestern borderlands,introducing foreign history and geography and writing the modern history of China.Such interests,however,were no more than reflections of the times in history studies and could hardly improve the whole picture of historiography.At the turn of the 20th century,Liang Qichao published “The Introduction to Chinese History” and “The New Historiography”,which marked the emergence of a new trend of thought in historiography and should be deemed the beginning of modern Chinese historiography.Soon after,the “national quintessence school”(guocui xuepai) called for preserving the quintessence of Chinese culture and attempted to bridge Chinese and Western scholarship.Then the “Reorganization of National Heritage”(zhengli guogu) Movement came,urging to re-arrange traditional scholarship.Hu Shih (1891-1962) explicitly put forward the goal of “compiling a history of Chinese culture,” helped dissolve the boundary between modern and traditional historiography and indicated the approach to the transformation from ancient to modern historiography from a perspective of discipline classifications.This “new trend” of Chinese historiography,centering on new materials,new methods and new issues specified the research path for the early stage of modern Chinese historiography.

Forty-Year Development of Social Assistance System in China: Review and Outlook

This paper reviews the forty-year development of the social assistance system in China and discovers that under the leadership of the Chinese government, the basic framework of the social assistance system has taken shape and become a proud image of China’s social security system’s reform and development. The development of the social assistance system in China demonstrates the bottom-line thinking of state governance and its multi-tiered, cross-sector and community-focused characteristics. At its present stage of growth the social assistance system is actively developing multiple means of assistance and will be based on the objective of “supporting the vulnerable.”

The “Island Phenomenon” in Scientific and Technological Innovation and Its Governance Approach

General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly stressed that we should eliminate the "island phenomenon" in technological innovation. The "island phenomenon" negatively affects the transfer and spread of technological achievements, resulting in inefficient technological innovation and transfer, and significantly impedes the implementation of innovation-driven development strategies. The emergence of the "island phenomenon" should be attributed to a failure to give full play to the "invisible hand" of the market and the overreach or absence of government's "visible hand." Local governments can play an important role in eliminating this phenomenon by leading and guiding efforts to enhance improvements in innovation technology and transfers.

The Development Model and Countermeasures of China's Next Generation AI Industry

In the new round of IT revolution, the AI industry has become a new engine driving economic growth. In such a context, major developed countries actively prepare and plan for this industry, and China also attaches great importance to next-generation AI development. At present, the China's nextgeneration AI industry has distinctive shortcomings in the development of core chips, basic algorithms and corresponding talents. China should make full use of its enormous advantages and favorable conditions in technology and sensibly choose from a development model of business innovation, fast iteration, application layer driving base layer, and self-developed technology standards. By drawing on the experience of developed countries, China can accelerate its building and improvement of government supported mechanisms, upgrade its system of venture capital and services, enhance the advancement of basic research in chips and algorithms, and invest more in the cultivation and introduction of next-generation AI talents in a bid to quickly strengthen the core competitiveness of the China's next-generation AI industry.

Western Theory and the Study of Classical Chinese Literature in North America

In the second half of the 20th century,humanistic studies in the West witnessed a“theory explosion”.Unlike traditional European Sinology,American Sinology borrowed the latest Western theoretical approaches and formed a unique feature.The emerging Western theory also influenced the study of classical Chinese literature in the USA,with each Sinologist exhibiting a different tendency.In the context of the development of American Sinology and Western theory,this paper examines the Sinologists’change of attitudes in different development stages to unveil the characteristics and tendencies of the study of classical Chinese literature in North America.

International Communication Theories:Main Development Stages and Reflections

From the Persian Empire in the 5 th Century BC to the age of globalization, the significance of international communication to international studies and related problems has been repeatedly testi ed by history. The theory of international communication originated in the West. In the new era, many of its theoretical perspectives need to be reviewed and re-evaluated. Compared with other communication patterns such as mass communication, international communication is highlighted by notable characteristics such as its concern for core national interests, distinctive strategic objectives and e ective changes. It offers a new approach to showcasing comprehensive strength among countries and regions. The development of international communication theory can be divided into three main stages. One prominent contribution of the established theoretical achievements lies in its re ning of multiple important general laws of international communication based on the actual needs and its forming of a theoretical system. The major limitation is that these theoretical achievements, under the influence of Western centralism, place excessive emphasis on competition while paying scant attention to accommodation and mutual learning. In the face of new characteristics and practical requirements in the new era, international communication theory should be equipped with a broader vision for more breakthroughs and innovations.