Minimizing disorder and defects is crucial for realizing the full potential of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs) materials and improving device performance to desired properties. However, the meth...Minimizing disorder and defects is crucial for realizing the full potential of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs) materials and improving device performance to desired properties. However, the methods in defect controlcurrently face challenges with overly large operational areas and a lack of precision in targeting specific defects. Therefore,we propose a new method for the precise and universal defect healing of TMD materials, integrating real-time imaging withscanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). This method employs electron beam irradiation to stimulate the diffusionmigration of surface-adsorbed adatoms on TMD materials grown by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy (MBE),and heal defects within the diffusion range. This approach covers defect repairs ranging from zero-dimensional vacancydefects to two-dimensional grain orientation alignment, demonstrating its universality in terms of the types of samples anddefects. These findings offer insights into the use of atomic-level focused electron beams at appropriate voltages in STEMfor defect healing, providing valuable experience for achieving atomic-level precise fabrication of TMD materials.展开更多
Previous studies have reported upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 in different central nervous system injury models.Heme oxygenase-1 plays a critical anti-inflammatory role and is essential for regulating cellular redox...Previous studies have reported upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 in different central nervous system injury models.Heme oxygenase-1 plays a critical anti-inflammatory role and is essential for regulating cellular redox homeostasis.Metformin is a classic drug used to treat type 2 diabetes that can inhibit ferroptosis.Previous studies have shown that,when used to treat cardiovascular and digestive system diseases,metformin can also upregulate heme oxygenase-1 expression.Therefore,we hypothesized that heme oxygenase-1 plays a significant role in mediating the beneficial effects of metformin on neuronal ferroptosis after spinal cord injury.To test this,we first performed a bioinformatics analysis based on the GEO database and found that heme oxygenase-1 was upregulated in the lesion of rats with spinal cord injury.Next,we confirmed this finding in a rat model of T9 spinal cord compression injury that exhibited spinal cord nerve cell ferroptosis.Continuous intraperitoneal injection of metformin for 14 days was found to both upregulate heme oxygenase-1 expression and reduce neuronal ferroptosis in rats with spinal cord injury.Subsequently,we used a lentivirus vector to knock down heme oxygenase-1 expression in the spinal cord,and found that this significantly reduced the effect of metformin on ferroptosis after spinal cord injury.Taken together,these findings suggest that metformin inhibits neuronal ferroptosis after spinal cord injury,and that this effect is partially dependent on upregulation of heme oxygenase-1.展开更多
在高精度平面干涉仪系统评价标准中,仪器传递函数(Instrument Transfer Function,ITF)已经逐渐成为干涉仪性能的重要评价指标,它准确地反映了光学系统对于测量形貌不同空间频率的分辨能力。然而,ITF测试过程中的实验环境要求较为严格,...在高精度平面干涉仪系统评价标准中,仪器传递函数(Instrument Transfer Function,ITF)已经逐渐成为干涉仪性能的重要评价指标,它准确地反映了光学系统对于测量形貌不同空间频率的分辨能力。然而,ITF测试过程中的实验环境要求较为严格,干涉仪系统噪声会导致测试结果产生较大失真。为了能够准确表征干涉仪系统的性能,通过仿真分析与实际实验结合的方式,将仿真干涉图引入不同量级的高斯随机噪声,探究了噪声对于ITF测试结果的影响,提出测试误差的评价指标ITF_(RMS)值,分析了干涉仪系统的噪声容限,依据评价指标提出了几种不同的ITF测试优化方法,并搭建实验系统进行分析验证。实验结果表明,在未优化的ITF测试流程中,所搭建的干涉仪系统ITF测试的ITF_(RMS)值为0.1112,而优化后同样噪声量级的干涉仪系统所得ITF_(RMS)值则分别降至0.0693,0.0367,0.0579。此结果证明了优化方案的可行性,该方案能有效抑制干涉仪系统ITF测试过程中的噪声干扰影响。展开更多
基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.JQ24010 and Z220020)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52273279)Project supported by the Electron Microscopy Laboratory of Peking University,China for the use of Nion U-HERMES200 scanning transmission electron microscopy.We thank Materials Processing and Analysis Center,Peking University,for assistance with TEM characterization.The electron microscopy work was through a user project at Center of Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL)for Nanophase Materials Sciences(CNMS),which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility.
文摘Minimizing disorder and defects is crucial for realizing the full potential of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs) materials and improving device performance to desired properties. However, the methods in defect controlcurrently face challenges with overly large operational areas and a lack of precision in targeting specific defects. Therefore,we propose a new method for the precise and universal defect healing of TMD materials, integrating real-time imaging withscanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). This method employs electron beam irradiation to stimulate the diffusionmigration of surface-adsorbed adatoms on TMD materials grown by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy (MBE),and heal defects within the diffusion range. This approach covers defect repairs ranging from zero-dimensional vacancydefects to two-dimensional grain orientation alignment, demonstrating its universality in terms of the types of samples anddefects. These findings offer insights into the use of atomic-level focused electron beams at appropriate voltages in STEMfor defect healing, providing valuable experience for achieving atomic-level precise fabrication of TMD materials.
文摘Previous studies have reported upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 in different central nervous system injury models.Heme oxygenase-1 plays a critical anti-inflammatory role and is essential for regulating cellular redox homeostasis.Metformin is a classic drug used to treat type 2 diabetes that can inhibit ferroptosis.Previous studies have shown that,when used to treat cardiovascular and digestive system diseases,metformin can also upregulate heme oxygenase-1 expression.Therefore,we hypothesized that heme oxygenase-1 plays a significant role in mediating the beneficial effects of metformin on neuronal ferroptosis after spinal cord injury.To test this,we first performed a bioinformatics analysis based on the GEO database and found that heme oxygenase-1 was upregulated in the lesion of rats with spinal cord injury.Next,we confirmed this finding in a rat model of T9 spinal cord compression injury that exhibited spinal cord nerve cell ferroptosis.Continuous intraperitoneal injection of metformin for 14 days was found to both upregulate heme oxygenase-1 expression and reduce neuronal ferroptosis in rats with spinal cord injury.Subsequently,we used a lentivirus vector to knock down heme oxygenase-1 expression in the spinal cord,and found that this significantly reduced the effect of metformin on ferroptosis after spinal cord injury.Taken together,these findings suggest that metformin inhibits neuronal ferroptosis after spinal cord injury,and that this effect is partially dependent on upregulation of heme oxygenase-1.
文摘在高精度平面干涉仪系统评价标准中,仪器传递函数(Instrument Transfer Function,ITF)已经逐渐成为干涉仪性能的重要评价指标,它准确地反映了光学系统对于测量形貌不同空间频率的分辨能力。然而,ITF测试过程中的实验环境要求较为严格,干涉仪系统噪声会导致测试结果产生较大失真。为了能够准确表征干涉仪系统的性能,通过仿真分析与实际实验结合的方式,将仿真干涉图引入不同量级的高斯随机噪声,探究了噪声对于ITF测试结果的影响,提出测试误差的评价指标ITF_(RMS)值,分析了干涉仪系统的噪声容限,依据评价指标提出了几种不同的ITF测试优化方法,并搭建实验系统进行分析验证。实验结果表明,在未优化的ITF测试流程中,所搭建的干涉仪系统ITF测试的ITF_(RMS)值为0.1112,而优化后同样噪声量级的干涉仪系统所得ITF_(RMS)值则分别降至0.0693,0.0367,0.0579。此结果证明了优化方案的可行性,该方案能有效抑制干涉仪系统ITF测试过程中的噪声干扰影响。
