Transcriptome analysis to identify candidate genes related to chlorogenic acid biosynthesis during development of Korla fragrant pear in Xinjiang

Korla fragrant pear(KFP)with special fragrance is a unique cultivar in Xinjiang,China.In order to explore the biosynthesis molecular mechanism of chlorogenic acid(CGA)in KFP,the samples at different development periods were collected for transcriptome analysis.High performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that CGA contents of KFP at 88,118 and 163 days after full bloom were(20.96±1.84),(12.01±0.91)and(7.16±0.41)mg/100 g,respectively,and decreased with the fruit development.Pears from these typical 3 periods were selected for de novo transcriptome assemble and 68059 unigenes were assembled from 444037960 clean reads.One‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’pathway including 57 unigenes,11 PALs,1 PTAL,64CLs,9 C4Hs,25 HCTs and 5 C3’Hs related to CGA biosynthesis was determined.It was found that the expression levels of 11 differentially expressed genes including 1 PAL,2 C4Hs,34CLs and 5 HCTs were consistent with the change of CGA content.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis further showed that 8 unigenes involved in CGA biosynthesis were consistent with the RNA-seq data.These findings will provide a comprehensive understanding and valuable information on the genetic engineering and molecular breeding in KFP.

Distributed fiber optic sensors for tunnel monitoring:A state-of-the-art review

Distributed fiber optic sensors(DFOSs)possess the capability to measure strain and temperature variations over long distances,demonstrating outstanding potential for monitoring underground infrastructure.This study presents a state-of-the-art review of the DFOS applications for monitoring and assessing the deformation behavior of typical tunnel infrastructure,including bored tunnels,conventional tunnels,as well as immersed and cut-and-cover tunnels.DFOS systems based on Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering principles are both considered.When implementing DFOS monitoring,the fiber optic cable can be primarily installed along transverse and longitudinal directions to(1)measure distributed strains by continuously adhering the fiber to the structure’s surface or embedding it in the lining,or(2)measure point displacements by spot-anchoring it on the lining surface.There are four critical aspects of DFOS monitoring,including proper selection of the sensing fiber,selection of the measuring principle for the specific application,design of an effective sensor layout,and establishment of robust field sensor instrumentation.These four issues are comprehensively discussed,and practical suggestions are provided for the implementation of DFOS in tunnel infrastructure monitoring.

甜高粱苗期镉耐性和富集能力综合评价

为筛选和鉴定出镉(Cadmium,Cd)富集能力强的甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor L.)品种,以期为利用甜高粱修复Cd污染土壤提供优异材料。本研究以26个甜高粱品种为材料,采用沙培盆栽试验,设置Cd胁迫(5 mg·kg^(-1)Cd^(2+))和对照(0 mg·kg^(-1))2个处理,测定苗期甜高粱生长特性和生理指标以及根部、茎叶的Cd含量,以各单项指标的耐性指数作为衡量耐Cd性的依据,运用主成分分析、隶属函数法和系统聚类综合评价Cd耐性和富集能力。结果表明:根长、株高、根鲜重、根干重、茎叶鲜重、茎叶干重、叶绿素含量、POD活性、SOD活性、MDA含量在品种和Cd处理间均存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。主成分分析将10个单项指标转化成3个相互独立的综合指标,利用隶属函数法分析,得到不同品种苗期耐Cd性综合评价值(D值);通过对D值进行聚类分析,筛选出3份耐Cd性强的品种;进一步采用欧氏距离法对D值、富集系数和转移系数进行聚类分析,将26个甜高粱品种划分成4类,其中‘辽甜6号’和‘F10’属于Cd耐性强且富集转移性强的品种,适用于修复土壤Cd污染。

益肾升白贴联合穴位注射治疗放化疗所致骨髓抑制的疗效观察

目的观察益肾升白贴联合穴位注射地塞米松治疗恶性肿瘤放化疗所致骨髓抑制的疗效及副作用。方法将101例恶性肿瘤放化疗后发生骨髓抑制的病人随机分成3组,35例采用益肾升白贴联合穴位注射地塞米松治疗,35例仅采用穴位注射地塞米松治疗作为对照组1组,31例以重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子皮下注射治疗作为对照组2组。观察骨髓功能恢复情况及用药的不良反应。结果3组病人骨髓功能恢复时间及总有效率无统计学差异(P>0.05),3组病人经治疗后再程放化疗,骨髓功能分级有统计学意义(P<0.05),益肾升白贴联合穴位注射地塞米松治疗组再程放化期间,仍对骨髓功能有显著保护作用。3组病人均无特殊不良反应。结论益肾升白贴联合穴位注射地塞米松治疗恶性肿瘤放化疗后骨髓抑制安全、有效,且对骨髓功能保护时间长,无明显不良反应,值得临床推广使用。

Caloric restriction-mimetics for the reduction of heart failure risk in aging heart: with consideration of gender-related differences

The literature is full of claims regarding the consumption of polyphenol or polyamine-rich foods that offer some protection from developing cardiovascular disease(CVD). This is achieved by preventing cardiac hypertrophy and protecting blood vessels through improving the function of endothelium. However, do these interventions work in the aged human hearts? Cardiac aging is accompanied by an increase in left ventricular hypertrophy, along with diastolic and systolic dysfunction. It also confers significant cardiovascular risks for both sexes. The incidence and prevalence of CVD increase sharply at an earlier age in men than women. Furthermore, the patterns of heart failure differ between sexes, as do the lifetime risk factors. Do caloric restriction(CR)-mimetics, rich in polyphenol or polyamine, delay or reverse cardiac aging equally in both men and women? This review will discuss three areas:(1) mechanisms underlying age-related cardiac remodeling;(2) gender-related differences and potential mechanisms underlying diminished cardiac response in older men and women;(3) we select a few polyphenol or polyamine rich compounds as the CRmimetics, such as resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate and spermidine, due to their capability to extend health-span and induce autophagy. We outline their abilities and issues on retarding aging in animal hearts and preventing CVD in humans. We discuss the confounding factors that should be considered for developing therapeutic strategies against cardiac aging in humans.

Texturing and evaluation of concrete pavement surface:A state-of-the-art review

Concrete pavement is accompanied by two major functional properties,namely noise emission and friction,which are closely related to pavement surface texture.While several technologies have been developed to mitigate tirepavement noise and improve driving friction by surface texturization,limited information is available to compare the advantages and disadvantages of different surface textures.In this study,a state-of-the-art and state-of-thepractice review is conducted to investigate the noise reduction and friction improvement technologies for concrete pavement surfaces.The commonly used tests for characterizing the surface texture,skid resistance,and noise emission of concrete pavement were first summarized.Then,the texturing methods for both fresh and hardened concrete pavement surfaces were discussed,and the friction,noise emission and durability performances of various surface textures were compared.It is found that the next generation concrete surface(NGCS)texture generally provides the best noise emission performance and excellent friction properties.The exposed aggregate concrete(EAC)and optimized diamond grinding textures are also promising alternatives.Lastly,the technical parameters for the application of both diamond grinding and diamond grinding&grooving textures were recommended based on the authors'research and practical experience in Germany and the US.This study offers a convenient reference to the pavement researchers and engineers who seek to quickly understand relevant knowledge and choose the most appropriate surface textures for concrete pavements.

Association of cumulative resting heart rate exposure with rapid renal function decline:a prospective cohort study with 27,564 older adults

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prospective association between cumulative resting heart rate(cumRHR)and rapid renal function decline(RRFD)in a cohort of individuals aged 60 and older.METHODS In the Tianjin Chronic Kidney Disease Cohort Study,the individuals who underwent three consecutive physical examinations between 2014 and 2017,with estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)greater than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 and aged 60 years or older were enrolled.A total of 27,564 patients were prospectively followed up from January 1,2017 to December 31,2020.The 3-year cumRHR was calculated.The primary outcome was RRFD,defined as an annualized decline in eGFR of 5 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or greater.Logistic and restricted spline regression models and subgroup analysis were used to investigate the association of cumRHR with RRFD after adjusting for all confounders.RESULTS During a median follow-up of 3.2 years,a total of 4,347(15.77%)subjects developed RRFD.In fully-adjusted models,compared with the lowest quartile of cumRHR,the odds ratio(OR)for the highest was 1.44(1.28–1.61),P<0.001.Furthermore,each 1-standard deviation(27.97 beats/min per year)increment in cumRHR was associated with a 17%(P<0.001)increased risk of RRFD,with a linear positive correlation(P for non-linear=0.803).Participants with a 3-year cumRHR≥207(beats/min)*year(equivalent to≥69 beats/min per year in 3 years)were found to be at a higher risk of RRFD.CONCLUSIONS The cumRHR is significantly associated with a higher risk of RRFD among older adults.These results might provide an effective goal for managing and delaying the decline of renal function in the older adults.

以农村可再生能源为纽带的低碳乡村模式——以四川省遂宁市安居区海龙村为例

我国是一个农业大国,农业农村领域的减排增汇对实现我国“双碳”目标具有重要的战略意义。以四川省遂宁市安居区海龙村为研究对象,针对村域种植业、养殖业、农村能源生产和消费以及农村人居环境等现状特点,通过碳汇核算等模块化设置,探讨农业农村减排增汇途径。海龙村具有典型的西南丘陵村落特征,农业农村生产生活活动形式单一。碳排放实体构成及碳排放路径清晰,农业农村生产生活活动是村域碳排放的主要来源,工业化排放实体较少,净碳排放水平较低。通过对村域各生态模块中排放实体的系统管理与减排技术的耦合嵌入可在提升村域生产生活效能的同时显著降低村域碳排放总量,实现低碳乡村建设目标。初步形成了针对农业农村生产生活特点的减排增汇实施路径,可为推动中国农业农村领域“双碳”目标的实现提供技术蓝本。

1999-2005年我国婴幼儿人杯状病毒腹泻研究

人杯状病毒(HuCV)是世界范围内急性腹泻的重要病原。此文收集我国长春、北京、河北卢龙、兰州、昆明等13个地区1999-2005年5岁以下腹泻患儿检测轮状病毒为阴性的粪便标本4426份,用ELISA和RT-PCR方法检测HuCV,结果表明HuCV检测阳性率为19%(8.3%-38.6%)。对其中151株HuCV PCR产物测序进行核苷酸序列比对构建的系统发生树表明,我国流行的HuCV以诺如病毒(NV)为主(146/151,占96.7%),其中绝大多数为GGⅡ/4基因型(99/146),其它依次为GGⅡ/3(22/146)、GGⅡ/5(8/146)、GGⅡ/6(2/146)、GGⅡ/7(2/146)、GGⅡ/8(2/146)和GGⅠ/2(2/146),札如病毒(SV)共5株,均属SGⅡ。此外有9株NV GGⅡ遗传组毒株,尚不能归入现有基因型,可能为我国特有的新基因型,表明我国流行的HuCV毒株存在很高的遗传多样性。我国婴幼儿HuCV腹泻全年都有发生,但秋冬季(10月-次年1月)有一个发病高峰,病例以6-17月龄组最多,至3岁时超过96%的儿童都感染过HuCV。对我国流行的HuCV不同毒株的地区分布,不同年度HuCV检测阳性率的变化趋势进行了讨论。

长春地区轮状病毒流行株VP7基因的遗传变异

A组轮状病毒是引起婴幼儿秋冬季病毒性腹泻的主要病原。目前没有有效的治疗药物,应用安全而有效的疫苗是控制重症腹泻的首要措施。对当地A组轮状病毒流行株的主要中和抗原VP7的编码基因进行遗传变异分析,可以为疫苗的应用和开发提供有益的指导。利用ELISA方法对长春地区1999～2005年的腹泻患儿标本检测A组轮状病毒,RT-PCR方法对阳性标本进行G血清分型,发现长春地区2001年以后流行的轮状病毒以G3型血清为主。选取1999～2005年的G3型轮状病毒标本31份,对其VP7基因进行扩增、克隆、测序,经过计算机分析比对,31株G3型轮状病毒VP7基因核苷酸序列没有显著差异。同一流行季节的毒株具有较相似的遗传变异特征。在2003年轮状病毒流行季节内,有6株G3型分离株的VP7基因在碱基1038位置上出现一个碱基缺失。毒株发生在A、B、C三个高变区的碱基突变,位点相同或者位置临近。2002年以后毒株的基因突变增加,非高变区的碱基变异增加,这可能有助于维持G3型轮状病毒成为流行株。有规律的变异多发生在高变区,但是非高变区的非连续性变异的增加值得引起注意。

产酸沼渣再利用稻秸两级联合产酸工艺研究

秸秆厌氧产挥发性脂肪酸(Volatile fatty acids,VFAs)工艺可生产具有较高经济价值的混合短链脂肪酸,但存在发酵周期短、秸秆降解率低等不足。为了提高VFAs产率和秸秆利用率,对产酸沼渣开展了二次产酸利用试验。将秸秆在3种预处理、3种产酸温度得到的产酸沼渣,统一在35℃进行二次产酸发酵,以考察各预处理组的二次产酸效果。结果表明,各组在二次产酸时均能获得更为稳定和适宜的pH值,水热组和2%HCl组在二次产酸时均有更佳产酸表现,1%Ca(OH)_2组在两级均采用35℃温度时获最大产酸量。采用两级联合产酸工艺,可将1%Ca(OH)_2预处理组的0.07～0.20 g/g的一次产酸率提高至0.27～0.38 g/g的总固体产酸率。以初始100 g原秸秆计算,1%Ca(OH)_2、35℃发酵时一次产酸和二次产酸量分别为12.24 g和11.69 g,两级联合的总产酸量为23.93 g,采用两级联合产酸比一次产酸的产酸量提高了95.5%,二次产酸使得木质纤维素各组分降解利用更为充分。

接种比例和接种物驯化对榨汁橙渣厌氧发酵的影响

以榨汁橙渣为原料,研究了不同接种比例(接种物与原料的挥发性固体质量比)对厌氧发酵规律及发酵系统中细菌与古菌群落组成的影响,并探究了接种物驯化对厌氧发酵效率的影响。结果表明:接种比例为8、6和4时厌氧发酵能够正常进行,甲烷累积产率分别达到320. 0、304. 9、242. 6 m L/g,而接种比例为2时仅达到111. 4 m L/g,且在第2天厌氧发酵就进入停滞期,直到第8天才恢复产气;测序结果也显示接种比例为2的发酵系统中芽孢杆菌纲相对丰度下降到1. 88%,Methanosaeta和Methanospirillum的相对丰度也下降到24. 45%和1. 71%,影响了甲烷的产生;按照接种比例为8和6驯化接种物后可以有效缩短厌氧发酵周期,第3轮发酵前4 d的累积甲烷产量占总产甲烷量的95. 75%和93. 40%;接种比例为4条件下,接种物驯化对厌氧发酵的促进效果存在不确定性,驯化效果会受接种物原微生物群落组成的影响;而接种比例为2条件下通过接种物驯化也不能有效提高厌氧发酵的效率。为保障实验结果的准确性、可重复性和提高发酵效率,进行榨汁橙渣厌氧发酵的相关研究时,推荐选择接种比例为6,并进行至少一轮接种物驯化。

29%噻虫·咯·精甲种衣剂对棉种低温萌发特性及安全性研究

以新陆早74号和新陆早82号为试验材料,通过室内发芽试验,研究29%噻虫嗪·咯菌腈·精甲霜灵悬浮种衣剂不同包衣比例对低温处理下棉花种子萌发特性和安全性的影响。结果表明,低温处理不同程度降低2个棉花品种种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、胚根长、胚根鲜重和干重,温度越低,抑制作用越明显。与未包衣相比,不同温度处理下,29%噻虫嗪·咯菌腈·精甲霜灵种衣剂不同包衣比例处理发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、胚根长、胚根鲜重和干重分别显著提高3.18%~349.78%、1.40%~15.50%、8.07%~46.50%、9.40%~89.04%、0.45%~6.47%、0~7.84%和0.05%~4.20%,1∶(100~200)包衣处理对棉种萌发和生长具有抑制作用,推荐使用比例为1∶(300~400)。

温度及吹脱沼气中CO_2比例对沼液氨吹脱效果的影响

氨吹脱是一种对养殖场沼液进行深度处理和氮回收的技术,利用沼气对沼液进行氨吹脱可通过沼气反复循环吹脱实现沼气提纯和沼液氨氮脱除耦合,是氨吹脱的新型研究方向,但目前缺乏相关工艺参数。基于此,该文利用CH_4和CO_2混合气体模拟沼气,研究了吹脱温度(70、80、90℃)和气体中CO_2比例(10%、20%、40%)对沼液氨氮脱除过程参数和氨氮脱除效果的影响。结果表明:在试验条件下,温度较高,CO_2比例较低时沼液氨氮脱除效果较好。在90℃、吹脱气体中CO_2比例为10%时,吹脱6 h后沼液的最终氨氮去除率达到99.28%,出水氨氮质量浓度低于60 mg/L,且在40min内沼液的氨氮去除率达到92.15%,反应动力学常数为1.034h-1,可依靠脱除沼液中的酸性物质使得沼液的pH值上升至9.92。对吹脱后沼液水质分析表明,利用模拟沼气对沼液进行氨吹脱,沼液中的化学需氧量(chemicaloxygen demand,COD)去除率达到23.53%～42.20%,总磷(total phosphorus, TP)去除率达到15.85%～32.97%,浊度去除率为20.79%～29.74%。研究结果为利用富CO_2气体对沼液进行氨吹脱工艺提供参考。

土壤钝化剂对施用沼渣的黑麦草中重金属积累的影响

沼渣可以替代黑麦草种植中部分化肥的使用,但沼渣中残留的重金属会被黑麦草吸收,并传递到食物链的下端。通过沼渣和土壤钝化剂的混合施用可以实现废弃物资源化利用的同时减少黑麦草对重金属的吸收。实验发现:单独施用沼渣,黑麦草中Pb,As,Cr,Zn和Cu的含量分别提高了107.0%,54.5%,40.0%,15.2%和13.7%;混合施用中,Zn和Pb含量随贝壳粉施用量上升先增加后减少,Cu含量随贝壳粉施用量上升而增加;Zn和Pb含量随氧化镁施用量上升而增加,Cu含量随氧化镁施用量上升先减少后增加;通过正交试验研究不同沼渣和钝化剂混合施用量对黑麦草中Cu,Zn和Pb含量的影响,发现沼渣、贝壳粉和氧化镁施用量分别为10 g,4 g和2 g的处理为最佳组合。该结果为以猪粪为发酵原料的沼渣施用于黑麦草提供了安全施用的参考。

一种简单高效扩增人杯状病毒ORF2区RT-PCR方法的建立及其意义

The capsid protein encoded by ORF2 of human calicivirus(HuCV) expressed in the baculovirus expression system can self-assembled into virus-like particles(VLPs),which would be important for the development of improving diagnostic methods.The RT-PCR procedures routinely used to amplify the RNA polymerase region have usually been inefficient for amplification of ORF2,which would bring obstacle for the development of new diagnostic reagents.Through optimization of RT-PCR conditions,we established a simple and high performance RT-PCR method to amplify ORF2,and by which demonstrated a corresponding relationship between the genotype and the antigenic type.It provides conditions for developing diagnostic reagent which accommodates to diagnosis of HuCVs prevailing in China,and also provides the basis for studying the genetic variance and the pathogenesis of HuCV.

柑橘皮渣厌氧发酵的碱热预处理优化研究

采用不同碱热预处理条件对柑橘皮渣进行预处理,研究对底物水解和高温厌氧发酵的促进作用。实验发现,碱热预处理柑橘皮6h比预处理12和24h更为经济可行;NaOH浓度为5.0%和7.5%处理柑橘皮6h,分别得到最高的乙醇和乙酸含量,70℃、NaOH浓度7.5%预处理后厌氧发酵得到最高产甲烷潜力为274.2mL/g VS,较对照提高20.1%;而将柑橘榨汁渣在70℃、pH值11的条件下预处理6h后厌氧发酵,得到最大的产甲烷潜力258.7mL/g VS,较对照提高39.9%,预处理后pH值为7.03,可直接用于厌氧发酵,具有实际应用的价值。

播期对直播高粱生长发育及产量的影响

【目的】高粱是中国白酒的主要原料,其产量受生育期生态条件的影响很大,直播是轻简化栽培趋势下的必然选择,探讨直播条件下播期对不同高粱品种生长发育及产量的影响,为西南地区直播高粱高产、高效生产提供依据。【方法】以5个西南地区主栽高粱品种为材料,设置5个播期,研究了播期对直播高粱出苗率、生育期、光合性能和产量及其构成因素的影响,并分析其与气象因子的关系。【结果】播期对高粱生长发育及产量形成均有显著的影响,品种间变化趋势相似,但变异程度存在差异。随着播期的推迟,高粱出苗率显著增加,生育期缩短,主要表现在播种—抽穗的生育日数明显缩短。抽穗期顶三叶SPAD值和叶面积指数(LAI)均呈先上升后下降的趋势。结实率、千粒重、穗粒重和产量均随播期的推迟而降低。高粱出苗率与播种后7 d均温、有效积温和降雨量呈极显著正相关;生育期和产量与抽穗前和全生育期均温呈极显著负相关。【结论】较迟播而言,早播高粱生育期延长,产量较高,但出苗率低。西南地区直播高粱的适宜播期为4月15日—5月2日。

饲用型杂交构树套作大豆高产栽培技术要点

饲用型杂交构树套作大豆模式是利用构树不同生长阶段行间距空隙种植大豆,既能抑制杂草生长、增加固氮作用,又能减少水土流失、培肥地力,使构树与大豆更好地生长和结果。从整地、品种选择、肥水管理、病虫害防治和收获等方面介绍饲用性构树套作大豆的栽培技术要点。

基于主成分和隶属函数分析的高粱品种耐深播性综合评价

采用盆栽试验,分别设置1、3、5、7 cm播深,对34个高粱品种在不同播深下的出苗率、幼苗形态和幼苗干物质量进行分析,筛选耐深播性鉴定指标,综合评价高粱品种的耐深播性。研究结果表明,随着播种深度的加大,出苗率、苗长、根长、根数和苗重均呈下降趋势,3、5、7 cm与1 cm播深上述指标测定值的比值分别为0.84~0.60、0.96~0.75、0.83~0.53、0.88~0.64和0.95~0.85;中胚轴长、根重和根冠比呈上升趋势,3、5、7 cm与1 cm播深上述指标测定值的比值为1.52~3.30、1.10~1.25和1.17~1.50;胚芽鞘长在播深间差异不显著。主成分分析结果表明,前4个主成分的累积方差贡献率为77.647%,相对根冠比、相对根长、相对中胚轴长和相对出苗率载荷量最大,将其作为高粱耐深播性筛选的主要指标并计算隶属函数值。根据隶属函数值对高粱品种进行聚类分析,结果显示,34个高粱品种可聚为3类,晋粱白2号等11个品种为耐深播品种,红青壳等14个品种为中等耐深播品种,吉品609等9个品种为深播敏感品种。品种间耐深播性差异明显,杂交种较常规种耐深播性强。