Global and regional environmental changes such as land use and climate change have significantly integrated and interactive effects on forest. These integrated effects will undoubtedly alter the distribution, function...Global and regional environmental changes such as land use and climate change have significantly integrated and interactive effects on forest. These integrated effects will undoubtedly alter the distribution, function and succession processes of forest ecosystems. In order to adapt to these changes, it is necessary to understand their individual and integrated effects. In this study, we proposed a framework by using coupling models to gain a better understanding of the complex ecological processes. We combined an agent-based model for land use and land cover change（ABM/LUCC）, an ecosystem process model（PnET-Ⅱ）, and a forest dynamic landscape model（LANDIS-Ⅱ） to simulate the change of forest aboveground biomass（AGB） which was driven by land use and climate change factors for the period of 2010–2050 in Taihe County of southern China, where subtropical coniferous plantations dominate. We conducted a series of land use and climate change scenarios to compare the differences in forest AGB. The results show that：（1） land use, including town expansion, deforestation and forest conversion and climate change are likely to influence forest AGB in the near future in Taihe County.（2） Though climate change will make a good contribution to an increase in forest AGB, land use change can result in a rapid decrease in the forest AGB and play a vital role in the integrated simulation. The forest AGB under the integrated scenario decreased by 53.7%（RCP2.6 ＋ land use）, 57.2%（RCP4.5 ＋ land use）, and 56.9%（RCP8.5 ＋ land use） by 2050, which is in comparison to the results under separate RCPs without land use disturbance.（3） The framework can offer a coupled method to better understand the complex and interactive ecological processes, which may provide some supports for adapting to land use and climate change, improving and optimizing plantation structure and function,and developing measures for sustainable forest management.展开更多
The Forest Landscape Model （FLM） is an efficiency tool of quantified expression of forest ecosystem＇s structure and function. This paper, on the basis of identifying FLM, according to the stage of development, summ...The Forest Landscape Model （FLM） is an efficiency tool of quantified expression of forest ecosystem＇s structure and function. This paper, on the basis of identifying FLM, according to the stage of development, summarizes the development characteristics of the model, which includes the theoretical foundation of mathematical model, FLM of stand-scale, primary development of spatial landscape model, rapid development of ecosystem process model as the priority, and developing period of structure and process driven by multi-factor. According to the characteristics of different FLMs, this paper classifies the existing FLM in terms of mechanism, property and application, and elaborates the identifications, advantages and disadvantages of different types of models. It summarizes and evaluates the main ap- plication fields of existing models from two aspects which are the changes of spatial pattern and ecological process. Eventually, this paper presents FLM＇s challenges and directions of development in the future, including： （1） more prominent service on the practical strategy of forest management＇s objectives; （2） construction of multi-modules and multi-plugin to satisfy landscape research demand in various conditions; （3） adoption of high resolution＇s spatial-temporal data; （4） structural construction of multi-version module; （5） improving the spatial suitability of model application.展开更多
基金National Basic Research Program of China（973 Program）,No.2015CB452702 National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41571098,No.41371196,No.41530749 National Key Technology R＆D Program,No.2013BAC03B04
文摘Global and regional environmental changes such as land use and climate change have significantly integrated and interactive effects on forest. These integrated effects will undoubtedly alter the distribution, function and succession processes of forest ecosystems. In order to adapt to these changes, it is necessary to understand their individual and integrated effects. In this study, we proposed a framework by using coupling models to gain a better understanding of the complex ecological processes. We combined an agent-based model for land use and land cover change（ABM/LUCC）, an ecosystem process model（PnET-Ⅱ）, and a forest dynamic landscape model（LANDIS-Ⅱ） to simulate the change of forest aboveground biomass（AGB） which was driven by land use and climate change factors for the period of 2010–2050 in Taihe County of southern China, where subtropical coniferous plantations dominate. We conducted a series of land use and climate change scenarios to compare the differences in forest AGB. The results show that：（1） land use, including town expansion, deforestation and forest conversion and climate change are likely to influence forest AGB in the near future in Taihe County.（2） Though climate change will make a good contribution to an increase in forest AGB, land use change can result in a rapid decrease in the forest AGB and play a vital role in the integrated simulation. The forest AGB under the integrated scenario decreased by 53.7%（RCP2.6 ＋ land use）, 57.2%（RCP4.5 ＋ land use）, and 56.9%（RCP8.5 ＋ land use） by 2050, which is in comparison to the results under separate RCPs without land use disturbance.（3） The framework can offer a coupled method to better understand the complex and interactive ecological processes, which may provide some supports for adapting to land use and climate change, improving and optimizing plantation structure and function,and developing measures for sustainable forest management.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program）, No.2015CB452702 No.2012CB416906+1 种基金 National Key Technology R＆D Program, No.2013BAC03B04 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41371196
文摘The Forest Landscape Model （FLM） is an efficiency tool of quantified expression of forest ecosystem＇s structure and function. This paper, on the basis of identifying FLM, according to the stage of development, summarizes the development characteristics of the model, which includes the theoretical foundation of mathematical model, FLM of stand-scale, primary development of spatial landscape model, rapid development of ecosystem process model as the priority, and developing period of structure and process driven by multi-factor. According to the characteristics of different FLMs, this paper classifies the existing FLM in terms of mechanism, property and application, and elaborates the identifications, advantages and disadvantages of different types of models. It summarizes and evaluates the main ap- plication fields of existing models from two aspects which are the changes of spatial pattern and ecological process. Eventually, this paper presents FLM＇s challenges and directions of development in the future, including： （1） more prominent service on the practical strategy of forest management＇s objectives; （2） construction of multi-modules and multi-plugin to satisfy landscape research demand in various conditions; （3） adoption of high resolution＇s spatial-temporal data; （4） structural construction of multi-version module; （5） improving the spatial suitability of model application.
