An experimental study was performed to determine the characteristics and drying process of mushroom （Lentinus edodes） by 6 different hot-air drying methods namely isothermal drying, uniform raise drying, non-uniform...An experimental study was performed to determine the characteristics and drying process of mushroom （Lentinus edodes） by 6 different hot-air drying methods namely isothermal drying, uniform raise drying, non-uniform raise drying, uniform intermittent drying, non-uniform intermittent drying and combined drying. The chemical composition （dry matter, ash, crude protein, crude fat, total sugars, dietary fiber, and energy）, color parameters （L, a＊, b＊, c＊, and h~） and rehydration capacities were determined. Among all the experiments, non-uniform intermittent drying reached a better comprehensive results due to the higher chemical composition, better color quality associated with high bright （26.381＋5.842）, high color tone （73.670＋2.975）, low chroma （13.349a：3.456） as well as the highest rehydration （453.76% weigh of dried body）. Nine kinds of classical mathematical model were used to obtained moisture data and the Midili-kucuk model can be described by the drying process with the coefficient （R2 ranged from 0.99790 to 0.99967）, chi-square （X2 ranged from 0.00003 to 0.00019） and root mean square error （RMSE ranged from 0.000486 to 0.0012367）.展开更多
[目的]探究紫耳箭竹种群(Fargesia decurvata J. L. Lu)在不同林型下的生长和繁殖特征,探讨长寿命一次性开花结实的竹类克隆繁殖和有性繁殖的权衡特性。[方法]以金佛山国家级自然保护区3个典型林型:落叶阔叶林(De)、常绿落叶阔叶混交林(...[目的]探究紫耳箭竹种群(Fargesia decurvata J. L. Lu)在不同林型下的生长和繁殖特征,探讨长寿命一次性开花结实的竹类克隆繁殖和有性繁殖的权衡特性。[方法]以金佛山国家级自然保护区3个典型林型:落叶阔叶林(De)、常绿落叶阔叶混交林(De+Ev)和常绿阔叶林(Ev)下的灌木层优势种紫耳箭竹为试验材料,研究不同林型下紫耳箭竹种群在营养生长期和果期的形态可塑性、生物量积累与分配特性以及繁殖特征。[结果]表明:(1)相较于营养生长期,果期紫耳箭竹单株叶片数在De和De+Ev中显著减少,在Ev中没有显著变化;隔离者长度、隔离者节间数、隔离者直径、隔离者节间均长在De和De+Ev中均降低,在Ev中均增加;果期De中的紫耳箭竹单株小穗数高于De+Ev和Ev。(2)从营养生长期向果期过渡过程中,De和De+Ev中的紫耳箭竹分株叶片生物量和分配比例急剧下降,其余构件的生物量和分配比例无明显变化;Ev中各构件生物量除叶片外均显著增加,分配比例则在枝中显著增加,在叶片和根中显著降低;秆和枝作为支撑器官在3个林型中均占据很大的生物量分配。(3)在营养生长期,3个林型中的紫耳箭竹均产生竹笋进行克隆生长,且De+Ev中的竹笋数显著高于Ev,Ev的单位面积竹苗数显著低于其余2种林型,秆组织密度显著低于果期。在果期均不产生竹笋只产生种子,且单株结实率和生殖分配都很低。[结论]紫耳箭竹种群的形态特征、生物量积累与分配特性在不同生活史阶段不同,且在不同林型间也存在差异;克隆生长与有性繁殖间存在明显的权衡,随着有性繁殖的进行,克隆生长能力随之变弱并逐渐消失。展开更多
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(863 Program,2011AA100805-2)the Project from Chongqing Science and Technology Committee(CSTC2011AC1010)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31271825)
文摘An experimental study was performed to determine the characteristics and drying process of mushroom （Lentinus edodes） by 6 different hot-air drying methods namely isothermal drying, uniform raise drying, non-uniform raise drying, uniform intermittent drying, non-uniform intermittent drying and combined drying. The chemical composition （dry matter, ash, crude protein, crude fat, total sugars, dietary fiber, and energy）, color parameters （L, a＊, b＊, c＊, and h~） and rehydration capacities were determined. Among all the experiments, non-uniform intermittent drying reached a better comprehensive results due to the higher chemical composition, better color quality associated with high bright （26.381＋5.842）, high color tone （73.670＋2.975）, low chroma （13.349a：3.456） as well as the highest rehydration （453.76% weigh of dried body）. Nine kinds of classical mathematical model were used to obtained moisture data and the Midili-kucuk model can be described by the drying process with the coefficient （R2 ranged from 0.99790 to 0.99967）, chi-square （X2 ranged from 0.00003 to 0.00019） and root mean square error （RMSE ranged from 0.000486 to 0.0012367）.
文摘[目的]探究紫耳箭竹种群(Fargesia decurvata J. L. Lu)在不同林型下的生长和繁殖特征,探讨长寿命一次性开花结实的竹类克隆繁殖和有性繁殖的权衡特性。[方法]以金佛山国家级自然保护区3个典型林型:落叶阔叶林(De)、常绿落叶阔叶混交林(De+Ev)和常绿阔叶林(Ev)下的灌木层优势种紫耳箭竹为试验材料,研究不同林型下紫耳箭竹种群在营养生长期和果期的形态可塑性、生物量积累与分配特性以及繁殖特征。[结果]表明:(1)相较于营养生长期,果期紫耳箭竹单株叶片数在De和De+Ev中显著减少,在Ev中没有显著变化;隔离者长度、隔离者节间数、隔离者直径、隔离者节间均长在De和De+Ev中均降低,在Ev中均增加;果期De中的紫耳箭竹单株小穗数高于De+Ev和Ev。(2)从营养生长期向果期过渡过程中,De和De+Ev中的紫耳箭竹分株叶片生物量和分配比例急剧下降,其余构件的生物量和分配比例无明显变化;Ev中各构件生物量除叶片外均显著增加,分配比例则在枝中显著增加,在叶片和根中显著降低;秆和枝作为支撑器官在3个林型中均占据很大的生物量分配。(3)在营养生长期,3个林型中的紫耳箭竹均产生竹笋进行克隆生长,且De+Ev中的竹笋数显著高于Ev,Ev的单位面积竹苗数显著低于其余2种林型,秆组织密度显著低于果期。在果期均不产生竹笋只产生种子,且单株结实率和生殖分配都很低。[结论]紫耳箭竹种群的形态特征、生物量积累与分配特性在不同生活史阶段不同,且在不同林型间也存在差异;克隆生长与有性繁殖间存在明显的权衡,随着有性繁殖的进行,克隆生长能力随之变弱并逐渐消失。
