In this article, polyphosphate-accumulating organisms （PAOs） from a lab-scale continuous-flow two-sludge system was isolated and identified, the different phosphorus accumulation characteristics of the isolates unde...In this article, polyphosphate-accumulating organisms （PAOs） from a lab-scale continuous-flow two-sludge system was isolated and identified, the different phosphorus accumulation characteristics of the isolates under anoxic and aerobic conditions were investigated. Two kinds of PAOs were both found in the anoxic zones of the two-sludge system, one of them utilized only oxygen as electron aeceptor, and the other one utilized either nitrate or oxygen as electron aeceptor. Of the total eight isolates, five isolates were capable of utilizing both nitrate and oxygen as electron acceptors to uptake phosphorus to some extent. And three of the five isolates showed good phosphorus accumulative capacities both under anoxic or aerobic conditions, two identified as Alcaligenes and one identified as Pseudomonas. Streptococcus was observed weak anoxic phosphorus accumulation because of its weak denitrification capacity, but it showed good phosphorus accumulation capacity under aerobic conditions. One isolates identified as Enterobacteriaceae was proved to be a special species of PAOs, which could only uptake small amounts of phosphorus under anoxic conditions, although its denitrification capacity and aerobic phosphorus accumulation capacity were excellent.展开更多
The electron energy distribution functions(EEDFs)are studied in the planar-type surface-wave plasma(SWP)caused by resonant excitation of surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs)using a single cylindrical probe.Sustained plasm...The electron energy distribution functions(EEDFs)are studied in the planar-type surface-wave plasma(SWP)caused by resonant excitation of surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs)using a single cylindrical probe.Sustained plasma characteristics can be considered as a bi-Maxwellian EEDF,which correspond to a superposition of the bulk low-temperature electron and the high-energy electron beam-like part.The beam component energy is pronounced at about 10 eV but the bulk part is lower than 3.5 eV.The hot electrons included in the proposed plasmas play a significant role in plasma heating and further affect the discharge chemistry.展开更多
For interpreting the production mechanism of surface-wave plasmas sustained along a metal rod, electromagnetic simulation on the electromagnetic field distributions and particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision （PIC/MCC...For interpreting the production mechanism of surface-wave plasmas sustained along a metal rod, electromagnetic simulation on the electromagnetic field distributions and particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision （PIC/MCC） simulation of the ionization process are present. The results show that the enhanced electric field of surface plasmon polaritons （SPPs） can be excited in the ion sheath layer between the negative-voltage metal rod and the surface-wave plasmas, which is responsible for maintaining the plasma discharge. Moreover, the spatio-temporal evolutions of plasma density and electric fields are simulated by the PIC/MCC model. It is further suggested that the expanded ion sheath layer can extend the length of plasma domain by increasing the plasma absorbed energy from SPPs.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Project of Heilongjiang Province (No. GA01C201-03).
文摘In this article, polyphosphate-accumulating organisms （PAOs） from a lab-scale continuous-flow two-sludge system was isolated and identified, the different phosphorus accumulation characteristics of the isolates under anoxic and aerobic conditions were investigated. Two kinds of PAOs were both found in the anoxic zones of the two-sludge system, one of them utilized only oxygen as electron aeceptor, and the other one utilized either nitrate or oxygen as electron aeceptor. Of the total eight isolates, five isolates were capable of utilizing both nitrate and oxygen as electron acceptors to uptake phosphorus to some extent. And three of the five isolates showed good phosphorus accumulative capacities both under anoxic or aerobic conditions, two identified as Alcaligenes and one identified as Pseudomonas. Streptococcus was observed weak anoxic phosphorus accumulation because of its weak denitrification capacity, but it showed good phosphorus accumulation capacity under aerobic conditions. One isolates identified as Enterobacteriaceae was proved to be a special species of PAOs, which could only uptake small amounts of phosphorus under anoxic conditions, although its denitrification capacity and aerobic phosphorus accumulation capacity were excellent.
基金by the National Natural Science Foundation under Grant No 11105002the Doctoral Scientific Research Fund of Anhui University of Science and Technology(No 2010yb011)+1 种基金the Generations’Innovation Fund of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(No HF0601708131)the ITER Domestic Matching Item of China(No GB105003).
文摘The electron energy distribution functions(EEDFs)are studied in the planar-type surface-wave plasma(SWP)caused by resonant excitation of surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs)using a single cylindrical probe.Sustained plasma characteristics can be considered as a bi-Maxwellian EEDF,which correspond to a superposition of the bulk low-temperature electron and the high-energy electron beam-like part.The beam component energy is pronounced at about 10 eV but the bulk part is lower than 3.5 eV.The hot electrons included in the proposed plasmas play a significant role in plasma heating and further affect the discharge chemistry.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11105002 and 61170172, the Open-end Fund of State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment under Grant No GZ1215, the Natural Science Foundation for University in Anhui Province of China under Grant No KJ2013A106, and the Open-end Fund of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology.
文摘For interpreting the production mechanism of surface-wave plasmas sustained along a metal rod, electromagnetic simulation on the electromagnetic field distributions and particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision （PIC/MCC） simulation of the ionization process are present. The results show that the enhanced electric field of surface plasmon polaritons （SPPs） can be excited in the ion sheath layer between the negative-voltage metal rod and the surface-wave plasmas, which is responsible for maintaining the plasma discharge. Moreover, the spatio-temporal evolutions of plasma density and electric fields are simulated by the PIC/MCC model. It is further suggested that the expanded ion sheath layer can extend the length of plasma domain by increasing the plasma absorbed energy from SPPs.
