低比转速泵反转透平性能换算修正方法

离心泵反转作透平(PAT)可回收液体能量。泵工况和透平工况流量、扬程换算关系Ht/Hp、Qt/Qp是PAT选型设计与性能预测的关键,而现有的换算关系对低比转速PAT误差较大。通过分析放大系数及速度滑移对低比转速PAT性能换算关系的影响,得到一种性能换算的修正方法。对比转速为33~86的8台PAT采用数值模拟软件FLUENT 17.0进行数值计算,分别得出其扬程、流量换算关系的修正系数。该修正系数与比转速的关系通过多项式拟合得到。采用已公开的7台低比转速PAT试验结果验证,与其他方法相比采用该修正系数计算的Ht/Hp、Qt/Qp误差约减小3%~15%。针对低比转速PAT的选型设计和性能预测该方法可提供理论指导。

石油钻机自动化猫道优化设计策略

当前,我国自动化科学技术发展迅速,特别是在石油钻机中的应用,进一步推动了我国钻机制造技术的发展,对钻机主设备中的自动送钻、交流变频控制系统等设备都进行了相应研究,以此进一步提升了钻机设备在石油工程中的自动化,但对钻机外围辅助设备的自动化研究相对比较少,就其中的钻杆坡道、猫道等属于独立性部件,不便对其进行频繁拆除、安装、运输等作业,也不能实现自动化朝向钻台进行送入单根和下放钻杆等相应功能。在整个钻机作业过程中,存在对钻具丝扣的保护程度不足,钻井工作人员的工作量比较大,操作中存在一定的安全隐患问题,加快对钻机外围辅助设备进行优化设计是当前石油钻机技术发展中需要重点探讨的问题。本文就其中的自动化猫道优化设计策略进行探讨,以此为相关人士提供参考。

Experimental study on shear properties and resistivity change of soil-rock mixture

The deterioration of shear resistance in rock and soil masses has resulted in numerous severe natural disasters,highlighting the significance of long-term monitoring for disaster prevention and mitigation.This study explores the use of a non-destructive method to quickly and accurately evaluate the shear properties of soil-rock mixture.The shear stress,shear strain,and resistivity of the soil-rock mixture were tested simultaneously using a combination of direct shear and resistivity tests.The test results show that the resistivity of the soil-rock mixture gradually decreases with increasing shear strain.The resistivity of all specimens ranged approximately from 60 to 130Ω.m throughout the shear process.At the end of the shear test,the vertical failure resistivity showed an irregular“W”shape with increasing rock content.It exhibited a significant negative linear functional relationship with the shear strength.With reference to the determination of cohesion and internal friction angle on the shear strength envelope,the horizontal angle of the vertical failure resistivity-normal stress curve is defined as the resistivity angle,and the intercept of the curve is the resistivity at the initial moment of shear.It has been observed that the resistivity angle is negatively and linearly correlated with the internal friction angle.At the same time,there is a linear growth relationship between resistivity at the initial moment of shear and cohesion.It has been demonstrated that an increase in rock content contributes to a general escalation in both the average structure factor and average shape factor.Meanwhile,a decrease in the anisotropy coefficient has also been noted.These alterations are indicative of the extent of microstructural transformations occurring during the deformation process of the soil-rock mixture.The research results verify the feasibility of real-time deformation monitoring and characterization of shear strength parameters using resistivity.

反转泵液力透平速度滑移机理

速度滑移对液力透平的水力性能和内流特性有一定影响。以反转泵液力透平为研究对象,评估不同湍流模型对液力透平水力性能影响的敏感性,通过数值模拟与试验值误差分析发现,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型预测液力透平水力性能具有较高的可信度。选用RNG k-ε湍流模型和CFX17.0,分析透平内速度滑移机理及速度滑移量化指标,进一步对比液力透平和离心泵速度滑移的大小及流动机理。研究发现:液力透平叶轮内存在速度滑移现象,速度滑移导致透平水头降低,并诱发了附着于叶片工作面的旋涡。透平滑移系数随比转速变化而变化,数值在0.2～0.4。比较反转泵液力透平透平工况与泵工况的滑移系数发现:当比转速大于50时,透平工况的滑移系数比泵工况的小,比转速低于50时,出现了透平工况滑移系数高于泵工况的情形。

叶轮流速系数对泵正反转性能参数比的影响

为研究叶轮流速系数对离心泵反转作液力透平(PAT)泵工况和透平工况水力性能参数比的影响,采用renormalization group(RNG)k-ε湍流模型,通过计算流体动力学软件CFX计算了比转速为23～225的20个PAT叶轮单流道模型的流速系数,揭示了泵工况和透平工况流速系数的分布规律,建立了考虑流速系数的PAT泵工况与透平工况扬程比和流量比。结果表明:PAT透平工况叶轮流速系数大于泵工况。通过对不同比转速的6台工业PAT的外特性实验表明:与Stepanoff等提出的方法相比,考虑流速系数时PAT水力性能参数比与实验结果最为接近,其扬程比平均误差为5.38%,流量比平均误差为5.16%。该成果为PAT的选型设计和性能预测提供理论支撑。