工业设计项目制课程群的建设与探索

工业设计是一门实践性非常强的课程,从基础课的多感知、多体验,到专业课程中以项目加强理论,均需联系实际应用,使学生在做中学,让学生在实践中主动探索和创新。文章在深入分析工业设计专业知识结构特点的基础上,将专业课程分为课程内项目制课程、课程间项目制课程和跨学科项目制课程,从内容和难度上层层递进,培养学生的综合能力、加强理论认识设置系列课程群,从而培养符合社会需求的创新型人才。

肘关节康复机器人机构设计及其运动学分析

现有研究中针对肘关节康复运动的机构设计几乎均采用串联机构作为机构本体,普遍存在精度低、运动惯性大、容易造成肘部肌肉的损伤等问题。鉴于此,本文设计了一种可实现肘关节二自由度康复运动的(2-PRR-S)R-PRCR并联机器人机构;并使用旋量理论验证了机构的自由度特性。利用空间几何分析法推导出机构位置逆解与位置正解表达式;进而给出了机构的雅克比矩阵,然后结合雅克比矩阵分析了机构的奇异位形。依据机构的约束条件,确定了机构的初始姿态工作空间;以最大化姿态工作空间为优化目标,并采用遗产算法对机构进行了尺度优化。基于人体肌肉运动机理,分析了肘关节康复运动时的训练效果,验证了所设计的并联机构的适用性,为后续肘关节康复训练策略的研究奠定了基础。

Optimal Design of Bicycle Frame Parameters Considering Biomechanics

With the development of technology and the change of market demands,the trend in middle and high grade bicycle manufacturing is developed toward small-volume,multi-species,and customer-oriented production.Therefore,human element should be fully considered in design so that the bicycle has the best cycling performance for the specific rider.Currently,customized design is difficult to achieve since feature parameters of the rider are not included in the design.The design of bicycle frame is the most important in bicycle design.The relative positions among the saddle,handlebar and central axis are defined as the bicycle three-pivot,they are the main parameters in bicycle frame design.In conventional bicycle design,frame parameters are merely relevant to bicycle types.On the basis of the principles of biomechanics and ergonomics knowledge,this paper presents a design method for bicycle three-pivot considering feature parameters of the rider by dynamic simulation.Firstly,a dynamic model of rider-bicycle system is built for a special rider,and a serial of simulation experiments is designed by uniform test method.Then,a mathematical model is built between the three-pivot position and the square of lower limb muscle stress by using simulation and regression analysis of the rider-bicycle system.The optimal three-pivot position parameters are obtained by setting the minimal of the square of the lower limb muscle stress as the objective.Therefore,the optimal parameters are gained for the specific rider.Finally,various results are gained for different riders based on the same design process.The function between feature parameters of the rider and the optimum three-pivot position parameters is built by regression.Bicycle design considering biomechanics can be divided into three main steps：calculating the three-pivot position,designing the geometrical structure of the bicycle frame and analyzing frame strength,and selecting appropriate parts and assembling the bicycle.Bicycle design considering biomechanics changes the conventional bicycle design and realizes customized design by considering human element in the design process.

Optimal Design and Dynamic Simulation of Mountain Bike with Rear Suspension

This paper investigates the dynamic design methodology of mountain bikes with rear suspension. Firstly, a multi-rigid body dynamic model of rider and mountain bike coupled system is constructed. The rider model includes 19 skeletons, 18 joints and 118 main muscles. Secondly, to validate the feasibility of the model, an experiment test is designed to reflect the real cycling status. Finally, aiming at enhancing the performance of the rider vibration comfort, the scale parameters of rear suspension are optimized with computer simulation and uniform design. The mathematical model in the vibration performance and the design variables is constructed with regression analysis. The result shows that when the length of side link is 90 mm, the length of connected rod is 336.115 1 mm and the included angle between absorber and side link is 60°, the mountain bike has better vibration comfort. This study and relevant conclusions are of practical importance to the design of the mountain bike＇s rear suspension system.

Test Verification and Design of the Bicycle Frame Parameters

Research on design of bicycles is concentrated on mechanism and auto appearance design, however few on matches between the bike and the rider. Since unreasonable human-bike relationship leads to both riders＇ worn-out joints and muscle injuries, the design of bicycles should focus on the matching. In order to find the best position of human-bike system, simulation experiments on riding comfort under different riding postures are done with the lifemode software employed to facilitate the cycling process as well as to obtain the best position and the size function of it. With BP neural network and GA, analyzing simulation data, conducting regression analysis of parameters on different heights and bike frames, the equation of best position of human-bike system is gained at last. In addition, after selecting testers, customized bikes based on testers＇ height dimensions are produced according to the size function. By analyzing and comparing the experimental data that are collected from testers when riding common bicycles and customized bicycles, it is concluded that customized bicycles are four times even six times as comfortable as common ones. The equation of best position of human-bike system is applied to improve bikes＇ function, and the new direction on future design of bicycle frame parameters is presented.

基于知识图谱的智能产品服务系统交互设计研究

为满足用户对智能产品服务系统的个性化需求,提出了一种基于知识图谱的智能产品服务系统交互设计方法,使产品开发团队能够通过对交互设计本领域、外领域知识的结合与调用,输出智能产品服务系统的设计解决方案。首先,基于用户体验五要素理论构建本领域知识图谱,并利用其他学科的开源知识构建外领域知识图谱。其次,利用概念-知识(C-K)算子获取针对用户个性化需求的解决方案,以及方案对应的感官通道的数量和表现层元素的知识。最后,构建针对需通过人-Smart PSS交互予以实现个性化需求、基于实时数据的人机交互决策树。利用所开发的智能产品服务系统实时收集情景数据,结合已建立的人机交互决策树可不断获取并执行相应的解决方案。以智能用药服务系统为例,验证了基于知识图谱的智能产品服务系统交互设计方法的良好可行性。