NAD+associated genes as potential biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)plays an essential role in cellular metabolism,mitochondrial homeostasis,inflammation,and senescence.However,the role of NAD+-regulated genes,including coding and long non-coding genes in cancer development is poorly understood.We constructed a prediction model based on the expression level of NAD+metabolism-related genes(NMRGs).Furthermore,we validated the expression of NMRGs in gastric cancer(GC)tissues and cell lines;additionally,β-nicotinamide mononucleotide(NMN),a precursor of NAD+,was used to treat the GC cell lines to analyze its effects on the expression level of NMRGs lncRNAs and cellular proliferation,cell cycle,apoptosis,and senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP).A total of 13 NMRGs-related lncRNAs were selected to construct prognostic risk signatures,and patients with high-risk scores had a poor prognosis.Some immune checkpoint genes were upregulated in the high-risk group.In addition,cell cycle,epigenetics,and senescence were significantly downregulated in the high-risk group.Notably,we found that the levels of immune cell infiltration,including CD8 T cells,CD4 naïve T cells,CD4 memory-activated T cells,B memory cells,and naïve B cells,were significantly associated with risk scores.Furthermore,the treatment of NMN showed increased proliferation of AGS and MKN45 cells.In addition,the expression of SASP factors(IL6,IL8,IL10,TGF-β,and TNF-α)was significantly decreased after NMN treatment.We conclude that the lncRNAs associated with NAD+metabolism can potentially be used as biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes of GC patients.

Integrated Sliding Mode Velocity Control of Linear Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Thrust Ripple Compensation

In this paper,a compound sliding mode velocity control scheme with a new exponential reaching law(NERL)with thrust ripple observation strategy is proposed to obtain a high performance velocity loop of the linear permanent magnet synchronous motor(LPMSM)control system.A sliding mode velocity controller based on NERL is firstly discussed to restrain chattering of the conventional exponential reaching law(CERL).Furthermore,the unavoidable thrust ripple caused by the special structure of linear motor will bring about velocity fluctuation and reduced control performance.Thus,a thrust ripple compensation strategy on the basis of extend Kalman filter(EKF)theory is proposed.The estimated thrust ripple will be introduced into the sliding mode velocity controller to optimize the control accuracy and robustness.The effectiveness of the proposal is validated with experimental results.

Analysis of a multi-patch dynamical model about cattle brucellosis

The dissemination of cattle brucellosis in Zhejiang province of China can be attributed to the transport of cattle between cities within the province. In this paper,an n-patch dynamical model is proposed to study the effect of cattle dispersal on brucellosis spread. Theoretically,we analyze the dynamical behavior of the muti-patch model. For the 2-patch submodel,sensitivity analyses of the basic reproduction number R0 and the number of the infectious cattle in term of model parameters are carried out. By numerical analysis,it is obtained that the dispersal of susceptible cattle between patches and the centralization of infected cattle to the large scale patch can alleviate the epidemic and are in favor of the control of disease in the whole region.

The patterns and risks for disease spreading of cattle movement in China

In order to reduce the risks for the spread of disease in cattle movements, we investigated China’s cattle breeding and movement pattern, analyzed risk factors of disease infection caused by long-distance movement, explored the relevant risk management measures and conjectured the direction of cattle movement based on the regional distribution of cattle inventory and beef price. We also constructed a market value chain in live cattle movements and qualitatively analyzed the risks for unapparent infection in the process of movement. Meanwhile, we put forward a long-term policy of reducing the risks for unapparent infection and animal health supervision measures.

A Review of Nonlinear Kalman Filter Appling to Sensorless Control for AC Motor Drives

Sensorless control of AC motor drives,which takes the advantages of cost saving,higher reliability,and less hardware,has been developed for several decades.Among the existing speed sensorless control methods,nonlinear Kalman filter-based one has attached widespread attention due to its superb estimation accuracy and inherent resistibility to noise.However,the determination of noise covariance matrix and robustness of model uncertainties are still open issues in practice.A great number of studies try to solve these problems in resent years.This paper reviews the application of extended Kalman filter(EKF),unscented Kalman filter(UKF),and cubature Kalman filter(CKF)in speed sensorless control for AC motor drives.As an iterative algorithm,EKF has advantages in processor implementation.However,EKF suffers from the linearization error and model uncertainties when applying to sensorless control system.This paper presents the predominant improvements of EKF which is also applicative in UKF and CKF mostly.

Single Image Dehazing with V-transform and Dark Channel Prior

Single image dehazing algorithm based on the dark channel prior may cause block effect and color distortion.To improve these limitations,this paper proposes a single image dehazing algorithm based on the V-transform and the dark channel prior,in which a hazy RGB image is converted into the HSI color space,and each component H,I and S is processed separately.The hue component H remains unchanged,the saturation component S is stretched after being denoised by a median filter.In the procession of intensity component,a quad-tree algorithm is presented to estimate the atmospheric light,the dark channel prior and the V-transform are used to estimate the transmission map.To reduce the computational complexity,the intensity component I is decomposed by the V-transformfirst,coarse transmission map is then estimated by applying the dark channel prior on the low frequency reconstruction image,and the guided filter is finally employed to refine the coarse transmission map.For images with sky regions,the haze removal effectiveness can be greatly improved by just increasing the minimum value of the transmission map.The proposed algorithm has low time complexity and performs well on a wide variety of images.The recovered images have more nature color and less color distortion compared with some state-of-the-art methods.

Image Defogging Algorithm Based on Sky Region Segmentation and Dark Channel Prior

Based on image segmentation and the dark channel prior,this paper proposes a fog removal algorithm in the HSI color space.Usually,the dark channel prior based defogging methods easily produce color distortion and halo effect when applied on images with a large sky area,because the sky region does not meet the prior assumption.For this reason,our method presents a new threshold sky region segmentation algorithm using the initial transmission map of the intensity component I.Based on the segmentation result,the initial transmission map is modified in turn,and finally refined by the guided filter.The saturation components S is reconstructed using the low frequencies of the V-transform to reduce noise,and stretched by multiplying a constant related to the initial transmission map.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has low time complexity and compelling fog removal result in both visual effect and quantitative measurement.

Hypoxia-induced GBE1 expression promotes tumor progression through metabolic reprogramming in lung adenocarcinoma

Hypoxia mediates a metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and increases glycogen synthesis.We previously found that glycogen branching enzyme(GBE1)is downstream of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF1)signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)cells;however,the molecular mechanism underlying HIF1 regulation of GBE1 expression remains unknown.Herein,the effect of GBE1 on tumor progression via changes in metabolic signaling under hypoxia in vitro and in vivo was evaluated,and GBE1-related genes from human specimens and data sets were analyzed.Hypoxia induced GBE1 upregulation in LUAD cells.GBE1-knockdown A549 cells showed impaired cell proliferation,clone formation,cell migration and invasion,angiogenesis,tumor growth,and metastasis.GBE1 mediated the metabolic reprogramming of LUAD cells.The expression of gluconeogenesis pathway molecules,especially fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase(FBP1),was markedly higher in shGBE1 A549 cells than it was in the control cells.FBP1 inhibited the tumor progression of LUAD.GBE1-mediated FBP1 suppression via promoter methylation enhanced HIF1αlevels through NF-κB signaling.GBE1 may be a negative prognostic biomarker for LUAD patients.Altogether,hypoxia-induced HIF1αmediated GBE1 upregulation,suppressing FBP1 expression by promoter methylation via NF-κB signaling in LUAD cells.FBP1 blockade upregulated HIF1α,triggered the switch to anaerobic glycolysis,and enhanced glucose uptake.Therefore,targeting HIF1α/GBE1/NF-κB/FBP1 signaling may be a potential therapeutic strategy for LUAD.