金霉素及其异构体降解产物对斜生栅藻的毒性效应研究

为探索水体中四环素类抗生素异构体降解产物的毒性效应,选取金霉素及其异构体降解产物为目标化合物,斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)为受试生物,结合藻类生理指标探讨金霉素及其异构体降解产物的毒性效应。研究结果表明,在斜生栅藻藻液中,金霉素主要的异构体降解产物为异金霉素及异差向金霉素。暴露72 h后,金霉素及其异构体降解产物处理组的藻细胞形态发生了明显的质壁分离,且细胞通透性均显著增大。但是,金霉素母体药物与不同异构体降解产物对斜生栅藻的毒性效应表现出了明显的差异。金霉素母体药物处理组的斜生栅藻细胞中可溶性蛋白质和叶绿素a浓度降低得更为显著,且氧化损伤更为严重。金霉素母体药物与其异构体降解产物虽然具有相似的化学结构,但取代基空间构象的不同会导致药物与藻细胞中的可溶性蛋白质的结合位点不同,因而对藻细胞产生不同的毒性效应。探究金霉素及其异构体降解产物对水生环境产生的毒性效应,有望为全面认识四环素类抗生素的生态环境风险提供新的依据。

Extraction of copper and zinc from naturally contaminated copper mine soils： Chemical fractionation analysis and risk assessment

The leaching behaviour of Cu and Zn from contaminated soils at a copper mine was investigated using four extractants： citric acid （CA）, oxalic acid （OA）, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid （EDTA） and nitrilotriacetic acid （NTA）. Six soil samples were characterized for the distribution of four chemical fractions of Cu or Zn （acid-soluble, reducible, oxidizable and residual）. For the extraction of Cu, EDTA is more effective than other extmctants when the concentration is less than 0.02 mol/L. The leaching efficiency for Cu was at least 15% higher for EDTA than for the other extractants at the same concentrations. Similar leaching behaviour was observed in the extraction of Zn. After extraction by CA, OA, EDTA or NTA, the acid-soluble fractions and the reducible fractions of Cu were the main fractions extracted. The potential environmental risks related to speciation were evaluated, and after extraction these risks were reduced.