This paper presents a model specifying requirements of real-time systems. Different from existing researches, this model mainly uses rules and templates to represent hierarchical FSMs (Finite State Machine). In this m...This paper presents a model specifying requirements of real-time systems. Different from existing researches, this model mainly uses rules and templates to represent hierarchical FSMs (Finite State Machine). In this model, one rule corresponds to one state transition of FSM and one template corresponds to one FSM. Rules and information with respect to a FSM can be written in a template. So templates include not only state diagrams, but also information that can not be described by FSM, such as performance requirements. The specification using this model consists of a collection of templates and it is easy for users to understand and to review. After introduced the related researches and principles of the model, this paper specifies requirements of a real-time system with this model, and discusses characters of this model in the end.展开更多
目的探讨肝硬化患者血浆胆碱酯酶(plasma cholinesterase,PchE)活性对麻醉剂米库氯铵代谢的影响,为临床麻醉提供指导。方法选取2016年10月~2018年10月接受全麻手术的患者70例,分为肝硬化组(n=35)和非肝硬化组(n=35),麻醉开始前采集静脉...目的探讨肝硬化患者血浆胆碱酯酶(plasma cholinesterase,PchE)活性对麻醉剂米库氯铵代谢的影响,为临床麻醉提供指导。方法选取2016年10月~2018年10月接受全麻手术的患者70例,分为肝硬化组(n=35)和非肝硬化组(n=35),麻醉开始前采集静脉血检测PchE活性,使用同样的麻醉药物及麻醉方法,肌松监测采用四个成串刺激(train of four stimulation,TOF)。首次给予米库氯铵后记录作用时间(首剂作用时间),术中维持阶段采用持续泵注,手术结束前停止泵注的时间肝硬化组早于非肝硬化组10 min,然后分别记录四个成串刺激比值(train of four stimulation ratio,TOFr)恢复到25%,50%和75%的时间。术中记录的一般观察指标为手术时长、出血量和输液量。最后分析两组间PchE的活性和恢复时间之间的关系。结果肝硬化组的PchE活性(4 174±799U/L)明显低于非肝硬化组(6274±1151U/L),差异有统计学意义(t=8.865,P=0.000)。肝硬化组的首剂作用时间(20.3±3.7 min)长于非肝硬化组(16.3±3.3min),差异有统计学意义(t=4.767,P=0.000)。肝硬化组的TOFr恢复到25%,50%和75%的时间(26.2±8.0,31.8±8.3,33.8±10.6 min)明显长于非肝硬化组(16.0±4.0,20.4±3.9,24.1±4.6 min),差异均有统计学意义(t=6.683,P=0.000;t=7.355,P=0.000;t=4.960,P=0.000)。两组患者的手术时长、出血量、输液量比较,差异均无统计学意义(t=1.227,P=0.224;t=0.643,P=0.000;t=1.624,P=0.109)。结论肝硬化患者的PchE活性明显下降,对米库氯铵的代谢时间延长,掌握其代谢特点对临床麻醉有重要意义。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science F oundation of China(6 98730 35 ) and the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Hi
文摘This paper presents a model specifying requirements of real-time systems. Different from existing researches, this model mainly uses rules and templates to represent hierarchical FSMs (Finite State Machine). In this model, one rule corresponds to one state transition of FSM and one template corresponds to one FSM. Rules and information with respect to a FSM can be written in a template. So templates include not only state diagrams, but also information that can not be described by FSM, such as performance requirements. The specification using this model consists of a collection of templates and it is easy for users to understand and to review. After introduced the related researches and principles of the model, this paper specifies requirements of a real-time system with this model, and discusses characters of this model in the end.
文摘目的探讨肝硬化患者血浆胆碱酯酶(plasma cholinesterase,PchE)活性对麻醉剂米库氯铵代谢的影响,为临床麻醉提供指导。方法选取2016年10月~2018年10月接受全麻手术的患者70例,分为肝硬化组(n=35)和非肝硬化组(n=35),麻醉开始前采集静脉血检测PchE活性,使用同样的麻醉药物及麻醉方法,肌松监测采用四个成串刺激(train of four stimulation,TOF)。首次给予米库氯铵后记录作用时间(首剂作用时间),术中维持阶段采用持续泵注,手术结束前停止泵注的时间肝硬化组早于非肝硬化组10 min,然后分别记录四个成串刺激比值(train of four stimulation ratio,TOFr)恢复到25%,50%和75%的时间。术中记录的一般观察指标为手术时长、出血量和输液量。最后分析两组间PchE的活性和恢复时间之间的关系。结果肝硬化组的PchE活性(4 174±799U/L)明显低于非肝硬化组(6274±1151U/L),差异有统计学意义(t=8.865,P=0.000)。肝硬化组的首剂作用时间(20.3±3.7 min)长于非肝硬化组(16.3±3.3min),差异有统计学意义(t=4.767,P=0.000)。肝硬化组的TOFr恢复到25%,50%和75%的时间(26.2±8.0,31.8±8.3,33.8±10.6 min)明显长于非肝硬化组(16.0±4.0,20.4±3.9,24.1±4.6 min),差异均有统计学意义(t=6.683,P=0.000;t=7.355,P=0.000;t=4.960,P=0.000)。两组患者的手术时长、出血量、输液量比较,差异均无统计学意义(t=1.227,P=0.224;t=0.643,P=0.000;t=1.624,P=0.109)。结论肝硬化患者的PchE活性明显下降,对米库氯铵的代谢时间延长,掌握其代谢特点对临床麻醉有重要意义。