The seasonal variation of mixing layer depth （MLD） in the ocean is determined by a wind stress and a buoy- ance flux. A South China Sea （SCS） ocean data assimilation system is used to analyze the seasonal cycle of...The seasonal variation of mixing layer depth （MLD） in the ocean is determined by a wind stress and a buoy- ance flux. A South China Sea （SCS） ocean data assimilation system is used to analyze the seasonal cycle of its MLD. It is found that the variability of MLD in the SCS is shallow in summer and deep in winter, as is the case in general. Owing to local atmosphere forcing and ocean dynamics, the seasonal variability shows a regional characteristic in the SCS. In the northern SCS, the MLD is shallow in summer and deep in winter, affected coherently by the wind stress and the buoyance flux. The variation of MLD in the west is close to that in the central SCS, influenced by the advection of strong western boundary currents. The eastern SCS presents an annual cycle, which is deep in summer and shallow in winter, primarily impacted by a heat flux on the air-sea interface. So regional characteristic needs to be cared in the analysis about the MLD of SCS.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of electroacupuncture(EA)stimulating Zusanli(ST36)and Xuanzhong(GB39)on synovial angiogenesis in rats with adjuvant arthritis(AA).METHODS:AA models were established by bilateral i...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of electroacupuncture(EA)stimulating Zusanli(ST36)and Xuanzhong(GB39)on synovial angiogenesis in rats with adjuvant arthritis(AA).METHODS:AA models were established by bilateral injection of Freund's complete adjuvant(FCA)in male Sprague-Dawley rats.Three days after injection,rats were given EA at Zusanli(ST36)and Xuanzhong(GB39)acupoints,once every other day,for 16 d.The arthritis index score,paw volume,and hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was performed for each animal.Angiogenesis marker cluster of differentiation 34(CD34)expression and synovial cell apoptosis in synovial tissue were observed.The levels of Notch1,hairy and enhancer of split homolog-1(Hes1),transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β)and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)were subsequently detected.RESULTS:We found that EA significantly decreased arthritis index scores,paw volume,and HE staining scores.EA could significantly inhibit the expression of CD34,promoting apoptosis of synovial cells in the joint synovial tissue of AA rats.The expression of Notch1 signaling pathway proteins and mR NAs(Notch1,Hes1,TGF-β,and bFGF)were markedly downregulated by EA treatment.CONCLUSIONS:These results prove that EA attenuates synovial angiogenesis by inhibiting the Notch1 signaling pathway in AA rat models.Based on our findings,we propose that EA is a promising complementary and alternative therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.展开更多
Recent progress of physical oceanography in the South China Sea (SCS) associated with the western boundary current (WBC) and eddies is reviewed in this paper. It includes Argo observations of the WBC, eddy detection i...Recent progress of physical oceanography in the South China Sea (SCS) associated with the western boundary current (WBC) and eddies is reviewed in this paper. It includes Argo observations of the WBC, eddy detection in the WBC based on satellite images, cross-continental shelf exchange in the WBC, eddy-current interaction, interannual variability of the WBC, air-sea interaction, the SCS throughflow (SCSTF), among others. The WBC in the SCS is strong, and its structure, variability and dynamic processes on seasonal and interannual time scales are yet to be fully understood. In this paper, we summarize progresses on the variability of the WBC, eddy-current interaction, air-sea interaction, and the SCSTF achieved in the past few years. Firstly, using the drifting buoy observations, we point out that the WBC becomes stronger and narrower after it reaches the central Vietnam coast. The possible mechanisms influencing the ocean circulation in the northern SCS are discussed, and the dynamic mechanisms that induce the countercurrent in the region of northern branch of WBC in winter are also studied quantitatively using momentum balance. The geostropic component of the WBC was diagnosed using the ship observation along 18°N, and we found that the WBC changed significantly on interannual time scale. Secondly, using the ship observations, two anti-cyclonic eddies in the winter of 2003/2004 in the northern SCS, and three anti-cyclonic eddies in the summer of 2007 along 18°N were studied. The results show that the two anti-cyclonic eddies can propagate southwestward along the continental shelf at the speed of first Rossby wave (～0.1 ms-1 ) in winter, and the interaction between the three anti-cyclonic eddies in summer and the WBC in the SCS is preliminarily revealed. Eddies on the continental shelf of northern SCS propagated southeastward with a maximum speed of 0.09 ms-1 , and those to the east of Vietnam coast had the largest kinetic energy, both of which imply strong interaction between eddy activity and WBC in the SCS. Thirdly, strong intraseasonal variability (ISV) of sea surface temperature (SST) near the WBC regions was found, and the ISV signal of SST in winter weakens the ISV signal of latent heat flux by 20%. Fourthly, the long-term change of SCSTF volume transport and its connection with the ocean circulation in the Pacific were discussed.展开更多
We performed an assimilation experiment of the southern South China Sea in summer 2000, and the altimeter data were assimilated into Princeton Ocean Model (POM). The result was evaluated with the in situ data. There w...We performed an assimilation experiment of the southern South China Sea in summer 2000, and the altimeter data were assimilated into Princeton Ocean Model (POM). The result was evaluated with the in situ data. There were obvious improvements of the currents in the southern South China Sea, and the modeling uncertainty coming from the error of wind stress forcing was reduced. This experiment provides us a new idea about improving the modeling of the ocean currents.展开更多
国内对荨麻疹疗效评价量表的最小临床重要差值(minimal clinically important difference, MCID)以及最小重要差值(minimal important difference, MID)的研究仍有空缺,需要进一步挖掘探索。通过收集整理国内外慢性荨麻疹MID和MCID的研...国内对荨麻疹疗效评价量表的最小临床重要差值(minimal clinically important difference, MCID)以及最小重要差值(minimal important difference, MID)的研究仍有空缺,需要进一步挖掘探索。通过收集整理国内外慢性荨麻疹MID和MCID的研究,研究人员可以在日后中医药临床试验将MID和MCID作为治疗慢性荨麻疹的疗效评价的重要参考指标。展开更多
Using a new global ocean reanalysis of the second generation Global Ocean Data Assimilation System of the Beijing Climate Center(BCC_GODAS2.0) spanning the period 1990-2009,we firstly quantify the accuracy of BCC_GODA...Using a new global ocean reanalysis of the second generation Global Ocean Data Assimilation System of the Beijing Climate Center(BCC_GODAS2.0) spanning the period 1990-2009,we firstly quantify the accuracy of BCC_GODAS2.0 in representing the temperature and salinity by comparing with OISST and SODA data.The results show that the assimilation system may effectively improve the estimations of temperature and salinity by assimilating all kinds of observations,especially in the equatorial eastern Pacific.Moreover,the root mean square errors of monthly temperature and salinity are respectively reduced by 0.53℃ and 0.28 psu,compared with the model control simulation results.Then,the applicability of this ocean reanalysis for sea surface temperature(SST) anomaly variability in the tropical Pacific is evaluated with the observational HadISST data.The NINO3 index of the new reanalysis shows a good agreement with that of HadISST,with a correlation of 93.6%.Variations in SST from BCC_GODAS2.0 are similar to those obtained from HadISST data along the equator,showing the major large zonal-scale features such as the strong magnitude of seasonal cycle.The amplitude of SST anomaly standard deviation in the equatorial eastern Pacific is also closer to observations(HadISST) than NCEP GODAS does.Besides,the first two leading empirical orthogonal function(EOF) modes of the monthly SST anomalies over the tropical Pacific region are explored.The EOF1 pattern of BCC_GODAS2.0 captures a traditional El Ni o pattern,which improves magnitudes of the positive SST anomaly in the cold tongue of the eastern Pacific.The EOF2 pattern exhibits a El Ni o Modoki pattern.Comparatively,the EOF2 pattern of BCC_GODAS2.0 extends more strongly toward the subtropics.It also overcomes the problem that negative loadings are confined in the narrow equatorial eastern Pacific.Consequently,the magnitude and spatial distribution of the leading EOF patterns of BCC_GODAS2.0 are well consistent with those of HadISST.展开更多
基金The National Basic Research Program of China under contract Nos 2011CB403505 and 2011CB403504the National NaturalScience Foundation of China under contract No.41206007+2 种基金the City University of Hong Kong Stritegic Research Grants under contract Nos 7002917 and 7002780the Knowledge Innovation Project for Distinguished Young Scholar of The Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract KZCX2-EWQN203the foundation for operational development of the National Marine Environment Forecasting Center under contract No.2013006
文摘The seasonal variation of mixing layer depth （MLD） in the ocean is determined by a wind stress and a buoy- ance flux. A South China Sea （SCS） ocean data assimilation system is used to analyze the seasonal cycle of its MLD. It is found that the variability of MLD in the SCS is shallow in summer and deep in winter, as is the case in general. Owing to local atmosphere forcing and ocean dynamics, the seasonal variability shows a regional characteristic in the SCS. In the northern SCS, the MLD is shallow in summer and deep in winter, affected coherently by the wind stress and the buoyance flux. The variation of MLD in the west is close to that in the central SCS, influenced by the advection of strong western boundary currents. The eastern SCS presents an annual cycle, which is deep in summer and shallow in winter, primarily impacted by a heat flux on the air-sea interface. So regional characteristic needs to be cared in the analysis about the MLD of SCS.
基金Natural Science Foundation-funded Project:Study of Electroacupuncture on the Angiogenesis in Rheumatoid Arthritis Rats by HIF-1α/MDM2/p53 Signaling Pathway(No.81704152)Study on Immune Mechanisms of Macrophage M1/M2 Polarization in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Moxibustion“trengthening Body Resistance and Eliminating Evil”(No.81973959)Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province:Study of Electroacupuncture on the Punnus in Rheumatoid Arthritis Rats by HIF-1α,STAT3,Noth1 Signaling Pathway(No.2019YJ0491)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of electroacupuncture(EA)stimulating Zusanli(ST36)and Xuanzhong(GB39)on synovial angiogenesis in rats with adjuvant arthritis(AA).METHODS:AA models were established by bilateral injection of Freund's complete adjuvant(FCA)in male Sprague-Dawley rats.Three days after injection,rats were given EA at Zusanli(ST36)and Xuanzhong(GB39)acupoints,once every other day,for 16 d.The arthritis index score,paw volume,and hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was performed for each animal.Angiogenesis marker cluster of differentiation 34(CD34)expression and synovial cell apoptosis in synovial tissue were observed.The levels of Notch1,hairy and enhancer of split homolog-1(Hes1),transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β)and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)were subsequently detected.RESULTS:We found that EA significantly decreased arthritis index scores,paw volume,and HE staining scores.EA could significantly inhibit the expression of CD34,promoting apoptosis of synovial cells in the joint synovial tissue of AA rats.The expression of Notch1 signaling pathway proteins and mR NAs(Notch1,Hes1,TGF-β,and bFGF)were markedly downregulated by EA treatment.CONCLUSIONS:These results prove that EA attenuates synovial angiogenesis by inhibiting the Notch1 signaling pathway in AA rat models.Based on our findings,we propose that EA is a promising complementary and alternative therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB403504)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-EW-Y040)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40830851)
文摘Recent progress of physical oceanography in the South China Sea (SCS) associated with the western boundary current (WBC) and eddies is reviewed in this paper. It includes Argo observations of the WBC, eddy detection in the WBC based on satellite images, cross-continental shelf exchange in the WBC, eddy-current interaction, interannual variability of the WBC, air-sea interaction, the SCS throughflow (SCSTF), among others. The WBC in the SCS is strong, and its structure, variability and dynamic processes on seasonal and interannual time scales are yet to be fully understood. In this paper, we summarize progresses on the variability of the WBC, eddy-current interaction, air-sea interaction, and the SCSTF achieved in the past few years. Firstly, using the drifting buoy observations, we point out that the WBC becomes stronger and narrower after it reaches the central Vietnam coast. The possible mechanisms influencing the ocean circulation in the northern SCS are discussed, and the dynamic mechanisms that induce the countercurrent in the region of northern branch of WBC in winter are also studied quantitatively using momentum balance. The geostropic component of the WBC was diagnosed using the ship observation along 18°N, and we found that the WBC changed significantly on interannual time scale. Secondly, using the ship observations, two anti-cyclonic eddies in the winter of 2003/2004 in the northern SCS, and three anti-cyclonic eddies in the summer of 2007 along 18°N were studied. The results show that the two anti-cyclonic eddies can propagate southwestward along the continental shelf at the speed of first Rossby wave (～0.1 ms-1 ) in winter, and the interaction between the three anti-cyclonic eddies in summer and the WBC in the SCS is preliminarily revealed. Eddies on the continental shelf of northern SCS propagated southeastward with a maximum speed of 0.09 ms-1 , and those to the east of Vietnam coast had the largest kinetic energy, both of which imply strong interaction between eddy activity and WBC in the SCS. Thirdly, strong intraseasonal variability (ISV) of sea surface temperature (SST) near the WBC regions was found, and the ISV signal of SST in winter weakens the ISV signal of latent heat flux by 20%. Fourthly, the long-term change of SCSTF volume transport and its connection with the ocean circulation in the Pacific were discussed.
文摘We performed an assimilation experiment of the southern South China Sea in summer 2000, and the altimeter data were assimilated into Princeton Ocean Model (POM). The result was evaluated with the in situ data. There were obvious improvements of the currents in the southern South China Sea, and the modeling uncertainty coming from the error of wind stress forcing was reduced. This experiment provides us a new idea about improving the modeling of the ocean currents.
文摘国内对荨麻疹疗效评价量表的最小临床重要差值(minimal clinically important difference, MCID)以及最小重要差值(minimal important difference, MID)的研究仍有空缺,需要进一步挖掘探索。通过收集整理国内外慢性荨麻疹MID和MCID的研究,研究人员可以在日后中医药临床试验将MID和MCID作为治疗慢性荨麻疹的疗效评价的重要参考指标。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB403504 and 2011CB403505)
文摘Using a new global ocean reanalysis of the second generation Global Ocean Data Assimilation System of the Beijing Climate Center(BCC_GODAS2.0) spanning the period 1990-2009,we firstly quantify the accuracy of BCC_GODAS2.0 in representing the temperature and salinity by comparing with OISST and SODA data.The results show that the assimilation system may effectively improve the estimations of temperature and salinity by assimilating all kinds of observations,especially in the equatorial eastern Pacific.Moreover,the root mean square errors of monthly temperature and salinity are respectively reduced by 0.53℃ and 0.28 psu,compared with the model control simulation results.Then,the applicability of this ocean reanalysis for sea surface temperature(SST) anomaly variability in the tropical Pacific is evaluated with the observational HadISST data.The NINO3 index of the new reanalysis shows a good agreement with that of HadISST,with a correlation of 93.6%.Variations in SST from BCC_GODAS2.0 are similar to those obtained from HadISST data along the equator,showing the major large zonal-scale features such as the strong magnitude of seasonal cycle.The amplitude of SST anomaly standard deviation in the equatorial eastern Pacific is also closer to observations(HadISST) than NCEP GODAS does.Besides,the first two leading empirical orthogonal function(EOF) modes of the monthly SST anomalies over the tropical Pacific region are explored.The EOF1 pattern of BCC_GODAS2.0 captures a traditional El Ni o pattern,which improves magnitudes of the positive SST anomaly in the cold tongue of the eastern Pacific.The EOF2 pattern exhibits a El Ni o Modoki pattern.Comparatively,the EOF2 pattern of BCC_GODAS2.0 extends more strongly toward the subtropics.It also overcomes the problem that negative loadings are confined in the narrow equatorial eastern Pacific.Consequently,the magnitude and spatial distribution of the leading EOF patterns of BCC_GODAS2.0 are well consistent with those of HadISST.
