湖南桃江病圃稻瘟病菌生理小种鉴定及其毒性分析

【目的】明确桃江病圃稻瘟病菌生理小种组成及其毒性,为湖南省水稻抗病品种的选育与利用提供参考依据。【方法】通过在番茄燕麦培养基(oat tomato agar medium,OTA)上诱导产孢,测定分离自桃江病圃的64个稻瘟病菌株的产孢能力,并利用水稻离体叶片接种技术鉴定分析其中53个菌株的生理小种类型及其毒性。【结果】2018年分离自桃江病圃的64个菌株中,诱导产孢后有53个菌株孢子量达1×10^(5)个/mL以上,满足离体接种对孢子浓度的要求;根据在7个中国鉴别品种上的抗感反应,53个菌株被划分为4群12个生理小种,优势种群为ZB,出现频率为79.2%,优势生理小种为ZB_(15),出现频率为39.6%;毒性较强的ZB_1小种出现频率仅次于ZB_(15),还出现了毒性最强的ZA_1小种。【结论】桃江病圃稻瘟病菌群体的毒性较强,优势生理小种为ZB_(15)。

Selection of Submergence Tolerant Homozygous Line by STS Marker and Twice Submergence Stress

One sequence tagged site marker Subl-1 and twice submergence stress method were used in selection of submergence tolerant homozygous line from Sub-lBS, a submergence tolerant, bentazon sensitive and photoperiod-sensitive and/or thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line that developed by our laboratory. The results revealed that the original Sub-lBS was heterozygous in SublA-1 locus even though it was identical in almost all of agronomical traits and the segregation of SublA-1 was in accordance with Mendelian law based on chi-square test. And then the original Sub-IBS was divided into two groups： one was ofSublA-1 introgression and the other was not; and the two groups were tested by twice submergence stress method. After the first submergence stress that lasted for 12 d, the average plant heights were significant difference at the 1% level between the two groups. After recovery for 10 d, the second submergence stress sustained for 18 d was carried on; and the group with SublA-1 gene was found apparently tolerant than the other group in submergence tolerance.

Characteristic analysis of tetra-resistant genetically modified rice

In this study, the characteristic of three transformants named as B1C106-1, B1C106-2, and B1C106-3 were studied that carried three innate resistant genes Bph14, Bph15, and Xa23, and two enthetic resistant genes CrylCa# and Bar. The five resistant genes were all verified by PCR and the two enthetic genes were identified in single copy insertion by Southern blot. At tillering stage, the CrylC and PAT （phosphinothricin acetyl transferase） protein contents in leaf, sheath, and stem of T2 generation were in the similar pattern： leaf〉stem〉sheath, and showed significant difference （P〈0.01） among three organs. The average contents of CrylC protein in plant of B1C106-1, B1C106-2, and BIC106-3 were 12.95, 6.57, and 11.30 μg g-1, respectively, and showed significant difference （P〈0.01） among them. However, the average contents of PAT in plant of B1C106-1, B1C106-2, and B1C106-3 were 28.54, 27.66, and 28.02 pg g-1, respectively, and there were no significant difference among three transformants. The glufosinate tolerable concentration of three transformants of T3 generation reached at least 6 g L-1, and the mortality of rice leaf rollers were above 97.4% in 5 days after being fed with fresh transformants＇ leaves. The CrylC protein toxicity was also assessed by silkworms, and the mortality of silkworms feeding mulberry leaves smeared with Cry1C protein extracts of leaves of B1 C106-1, BIC106-2, and B1 C106-3 were 90, 67.8, and 87.8%, respectively, that were positive correlation （r=0.993） with CrylC protein contents in plant of three transformants. The three transformants also maintained high resistance to brown planthopper and bacterial blight as the original version. The above results indicate the tetra-resistant rice germplasm was well-developed by pyramiding innate and enthetic resistant genes in an elite line to provide with resistances of glufosinate, rice leaf roller, brown planthopper, and bacterial blight.