The integration of set-valued ordered rough set models and incremental learning signify a progressive advancement of conventional rough set theory, with the objective of tackling the heterogeneity and ongoing transfor...The integration of set-valued ordered rough set models and incremental learning signify a progressive advancement of conventional rough set theory, with the objective of tackling the heterogeneity and ongoing transformations in information systems. In set-valued ordered decision systems, when changes occur in the attribute value domain, such as adding conditional values, it may result in changes in the preference relation between objects, indirectly leading to changes in approximations. In this paper, we effectively addressed the issue of updating approximations that arose from adding conditional values in set-valued ordered decision systems. Firstly, we classified the research objects into two categories: objects with changes in conditional values and objects without changes, and then conducted theoretical studies on updating approximations for these two categories, presenting approximation update theories for adding conditional values. Subsequently, we presented incremental algorithms corresponding to approximation update theories. We demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed incremental update method with numerical examples and showed that our incremental algorithm outperformed the static algorithm. Ultimately, by comparing experimental results on different datasets, it is evident that the incremental algorithm efficiently reduced processing time. In conclusion, this study offered a promising strategy to address the challenges of set-valued ordered decision systems in dynamic environments.展开更多
In recent years, numerous theoretical tandem mass spectrometry prediction methods have been proposed, yet a systematic study and evaluation of their theoretical accuracy limits have not been conducted. If the accuracy...In recent years, numerous theoretical tandem mass spectrometry prediction methods have been proposed, yet a systematic study and evaluation of their theoretical accuracy limits have not been conducted. If the accuracy of current methods approaches this limit, further exploration of new prediction techniques may become redundant. Conversely, a need for more precise prediction methods or models may be indicated. In this study, we have experimentally analyzed the limits of accuracy at different numbers of ions and parameters using repeated spectral pairs and integrating various similarity metrics. Results show significant achievements in accuracy for backbone ion methods with room for improvement. In contrast, full-spectrum prediction methods exhibit greater potential relative to the theoretical accuracy limit. Additionally, findings highlight the significant impact of normalized collision energy and instrument type on prediction accuracy, underscoring the importance of considering these factors in future theoretical tandem mass spectrometry predictions.展开更多
Controlling intracranial pressure,nerve cell regeneration,and microenvironment regulation are the key issues in reducing mortality and disability in acute brain injury.There is currently a lack of effective treatment ...Controlling intracranial pressure,nerve cell regeneration,and microenvironment regulation are the key issues in reducing mortality and disability in acute brain injury.There is currently a lack of effective treatment methods.Hibernation has the characteristics of low temperature,low metabolism,and hibernation rhythm,as well as protective effects on the nervous,cardiovascular,and motor systems.Artificial hibernation technology is a new technology that can effectively treat acute brain injury by altering the body’s metabolism,lowering the body’s core temperature,and allowing the body to enter a state similar to hibernation.This review introduces artificial hibernation technology,including mild hypothermia treatment technology,central nervous system regulation technology,and artificial hibernation-inducer technology.Upon summarizing the relevant research on artificial hibernation technology in acute brain injury,the research results show that artificial hibernation technology has neuroprotective,anti-inflammatory,and oxidative stress-resistance effects,indicating that it has therapeutic significance in acute brain injury.Furthermore,artificial hibernation technology can alleviate the damage of ischemic stroke,traumatic brain injury,cerebral hemorrhage,cerebral infarction,and other diseases,providing new strategies for treating acute brain injury.However,artificial hibernation technology is currently in its infancy and has some complications,such as electrolyte imbalance and coagulation disorders,which limit its use.Further research is needed for its clinical application.展开更多
Experimental investigations on dynamic in-plane compressive behavior of a plain weave composite were performed using the split Hopkinson pressure bar. A quantitative criterion for calculating the constant strain rate ...Experimental investigations on dynamic in-plane compressive behavior of a plain weave composite were performed using the split Hopkinson pressure bar. A quantitative criterion for calculating the constant strain rate of composites was established. Then the upper limit of strain rate, restricted by stress equilibrium and constant loading rate, was rationally estimated and confirmed by tests. Within the achievable range of 0.001/s-895/s, it was found that the strength increased first and subsequently decreased as the strain rate increased. This feature was also reflected by the turning point(579/s) of the bilinear model for strength prediction. The transition in failure mechanism, from local opening damage to completely splitting destruction, was mainly responsible for such strain rate effects. And three major failure modes were summarized under microscopic observations: fiber fracture, inter-fiber fracture, and interface delamination. Finally, by introducing a nonlinear damage variable, a simplified ZWT model was developed to characterize the dynamic mechanical response. Excellent agreement was shown between the experimental and simulated results.展开更多
The development of earth-abundant electrocatalysts with high performance for electrochemical CO_(2)reduction(ECR)is of great significance.Cu-based catalysts have been widely investigated for ECR due to their unique ab...The development of earth-abundant electrocatalysts with high performance for electrochemical CO_(2)reduction(ECR)is of great significance.Cu-based catalysts have been widely investigated for ECR due to their unique ability to generate various carbonaceous products,but directing selectivity toward one certain product and identifying the real active sites during ECR are still full of challenge.Here,after the incorporation of CdO into CuO,the Cu_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)-O catalyst achieves a 10.3-fold enhancement for CO selectivity in comparison with CuO,and a CO faradic efficiency nearly 90%with a current density around20 mA cm^(-2)could maintain at least 60 h.Interestingly,a wide CO/H_(2)ratio(0.07-10)is reached on Cu_(x)Cd_(1-x)-O catalysts by varying the Cu/Cd ratio,demonstrating the potential of syngas production using such catalysts.The results of ex situ XRD,XPS,and in situ Raman reveal that the real active sites of Cu_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)-O catalysts for CO production during ECR reaction are the reconstructed mixed phases of CuCd alloy and CdCO_(3).In situ FTIR and theoretical calculations further implicate the presence of Cd related species promotes the CO desorption and inhibits the H_(2)evolution,thus leading to an enhanced CO generation.展开更多
Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins(PIPs)are conserved plant aquaporins that transport small molecules across the plasma membrane to trigger instant stress responses and maintain cellular homeostasis under biotic and a...Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins(PIPs)are conserved plant aquaporins that transport small molecules across the plasma membrane to trigger instant stress responses and maintain cellular homeostasis under biotic and abiotic stress.To elucidate their roles in plant immunity to pathogen attack,we characterized the expression patterns,subcellular localizations,and H_(2)O_(2)-transport ability of 11 OsPIPs in rice(Oryza sativa),and identified OsPIP2;6 as necessary for rice disease resistance.OsPIP2;6 resides on the plasma membrane and facilitates cytoplasmic import of the immune signaling molecule H_(2)O_(2).Knockout of OsPIP2;6 increases rice susceptibility to Magnaporthe oryzae,indicating a positive function in plant immunity.OsPIP2;6 interacts with OsPIP2;2,which has been reported to increase rice resistance to pathogens via H_(2)O_(2)transport.Our findings suggest that OsPIP2;6 cooperates with OsPIP2;2 as a defense signal transporter complex during plant–pathogen interaction.展开更多
Background Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)regulate numerous biological processes,including adipogenesis.Research on adipogenesis will assist in the treatment of human metabolic diseases and improve meat quality in lives...Background Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)regulate numerous biological processes,including adipogenesis.Research on adipogenesis will assist in the treatment of human metabolic diseases and improve meat quality in livestock,such as the content of intramuscular fat(IMF).However,the significance of lncRNAs in intramuscular adipogenesis remains unclear.This research aimed to reveal the lncRNAs transcriptomic profiles in the process of bovine intramuscular adipogenesis and to identify the lncRNAs involved in the adipogenesis of bovine intramuscular adipocytes.Results In this research,a landscape of lncRNAs was identified with RNA-seq in bovine intramuscular adipocytes at four adipogenesis stages(0 d,3 d,6 d,and 9 d after differentiation).A total of 7035 lncRNAs were detected,including 3396 novel lncRNAs.Based on the results of differential analysis,co-expression analysis,and functional prediction,we focused on the bovine intramuscular adipogenesis-associated long non-coding RNA(BIANCR),a novel lncRNA that may have an important regulatory function.The knockdown of BIANCR inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of intramuscular preadipocytes.Moreover,BIANCR knockdown inhibited intramuscular adipogenesis by regulating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.Conclusion This study obtained the landscape of lncRNAs during adipogenesis in bovine intramuscular adipocytes.BIANCR plays a crucial role in adipogenesis through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.The results are noteworthy for improving beef meat quality,molecular breeding,and metabolic disease research.展开更多
Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction to formate is a potential approach to achieving global carbon neutrality.Here,Cu1Bi1bimetallic catalyst was prepared by a co-precipitation method.It has a ginger like composite structur...Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction to formate is a potential approach to achieving global carbon neutrality.Here,Cu1Bi1bimetallic catalyst was prepared by a co-precipitation method.It has a ginger like composite structure(CuO/CuBi_(2)O_(4))and exhibited a high formate faradaic efficiency of 98.07%at–0.98 V and a large current density of–56.12 mA.cm^(-2)at–1.28 V,which is twice as high as Bi2O3catalyst.Especially,high selectivity(FE^(–)_(HCOO)>85%)is maintained over a wide potential window of 500 mV.In-situ Raman measurements and structure characterization revealed that the reduced Cu1Bi1bimetallic catalyst possesses abundant Cu-Bi interfaces and residual Bi-O structures.The abundant Cu-Bi interface structures on the catalyst surface can provide abundant active sites for CO_(2)RR,while the Bi-O structures may stabilize the CO_(2)^(*–)intermediate.The synergistic effect of abundant Cu-Bi interfaces and Bi-O species promotes the efficient synthesis of formate by following the OCHO^(*)pathway.展开更多
The ferrocene(Fc)-based metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are regarded as compelling platforms for the construction of efficient and robust oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts due to their superior conductivity...The ferrocene(Fc)-based metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are regarded as compelling platforms for the construction of efficient and robust oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts due to their superior conductivity and flexible electronic structure.Herein,density functional theory simulations were addressed to predict the electronic structure regulations of CoFc-MOF by nickel doping,which demonstrated that the well-proposed CoNiFc-MOFs delivered a small energy barrier,promoted conductivity,and well-regulated d-band center.Inspired by these,a series of sea-urchin-like CoNiFc-MOFs were successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal method.Moreover,the synchrotron X-ray and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements manifested that the introduction of nickel could tailor the electronic structure of the catalyst and induce the directional transfer of electrons,thus optimizing the rate-determining step of^(*)O→^(*)OOH during the OER process and yielding decent overpotentials of 209 and 252 mV at 10 and 200 mA cm^(−2),respectively,with a small Tafel slope of 39 mV dec^(−1).This work presents a new paradigm for developing highly efficient and durable MOF-based electrocatalysts for OER.展开更多
During the recent four decades since 1980,a series of modern climate satellites were launched,allowing for the measurement and record-keeping of multiple climate parameters,especially over the polar regions where trad...During the recent four decades since 1980,a series of modern climate satellites were launched,allowing for the measurement and record-keeping of multiple climate parameters,especially over the polar regions where traditional observations are difficult to obtain.China has been actively engaging in polar expeditions.Many observations were conducted during this period,accompanied by improved Earth climate models,leading to a series of insightful understandings concerning Arctic and Antarctic climate changes.Here,we review the recent progress China has made concerning Arctic and Antarctic climate change research over the past decade.The Arctic temperature increase is much higher than the global-mean warming rate,associated with a rapid decline in sea ice,a phenomenon called the Arctic Amplification.The Antarctic climate changes showed a zonally asymmetric pattern over the past four decades,with most of the fastest changes occurring over West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula.The Arctic and Antarctic climate changes were driven by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and ozone loss,while tropical-polar teleconnections play important roles in driving the regional climate changes and extreme events over the polar regions.Polar climate changes may also feedback to the entire Earth climate system.The adjustment of the circulation in both the troposphere and the stratosphere contributed to the interactions between the polar climate changes and lower latitudes.Climate change has also driven rapid Arctic and Southern ocean acidification.Chinese researchers have made a series of advances in understanding these processes,as reviewed in this paper.展开更多
Because radiation belt electrons can pose a potential threat to the safety of satellites orbiting in space,it is of great importance to develop a reliable model that can predict the highly dynamic variations in outer ...Because radiation belt electrons can pose a potential threat to the safety of satellites orbiting in space,it is of great importance to develop a reliable model that can predict the highly dynamic variations in outer radiation belt electron fluxes.In the present study,we develop a forecast model of radiation belt electron fluxes based on the data assimilation method,in terms of Van Allen Probe measurements combined with three-dimensional radiation belt numerical simulations.Our forecast model can cover the entire outer radiation belt with a high temporal resolution(1 hour)and a spatial resolution of 0.25 L over a wide range of both electron energy(0.1-5.0 MeV)and pitch angle(5°-90°).On the basis of this model,we forecast hourly electron fluxes for the next 1,2,and 3 days during an intense geomagnetic storm and evaluate the corresponding prediction performance.Our model can reasonably predict the stormtime evolution of radiation belt electrons with high prediction efficiency(up to~0.8-1).The best prediction performance is found for~0.3-3 MeV electrons at L=~3.25-4.5,which extends to higher L and lower energies with increasing pitch angle.Our results demonstrate that the forecast model developed can be a powerful tool to predict the spatiotemporal changes in outer radiation belt electron fluxes,and the model has both scientific significance and practical implications.展开更多
Tumor microenvironment(TME)with the particular features of severe hypoxia,insufficient endogenous H2O2,and overexpression of glutathione(GSH)markedly reduced the antitumor efficacy of monotherapy.Herein,a TME-responsi...Tumor microenvironment(TME)with the particular features of severe hypoxia,insufficient endogenous H2O2,and overexpression of glutathione(GSH)markedly reduced the antitumor efficacy of monotherapy.Herein,a TME-responsive multifunctional nanoplatform(Bi2S3@Bi@PDA-HA/Art NRs)was presented for synergistic photothermal therapy(PTT),chemodynamic therapy(CDT),and photodynamic therapy(PDT)to achieve better therapeutic outcomes.The Z-scheme heterostructured bismuth sulfide@bismuth nanorods(Bi2S3@Bi NRs)guaranteed excellent photothermal performance of the nanoplatform.Moreover,its ability to produce O2 and reactive oxygen species(ROS)synchronously could relieve tumor hypoxia and improve PDT outcomes.The densely coated polydopamine/ammonium bicarbonate(PDA/ABC)and hyaluronic acid(HA)layers on the surface of the nanoplatform enhanced the cancer-targeting capacity and induced the acidic TME-triggered in situ“bomb-like”release of Art.The CDT treatment was achieved by activating the released Art through intracellular Fe2+ions in an H2O2-independent manner.Furthermore,decreasing the glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)levels by Art could also increase the PDT efficiency of Bi2S3@Bi NRs.Owing to the synergistic effect,this nanoplatform displayed improved antitumor efficacy with minimal toxicity both in vitro and in vivo.Our design sheds light on the application of phototherapy combined with the traditional Chinese medicine monomer-artesunate in treating the hypoxic tumor.展开更多
In the present work,the turbulent mixing process of a polydisperse quartz particle flow with a plasma stream generated by a radio-frequency(RF)inductively coupled plasma torch was numerically studied.The thermobaric s...In the present work,the turbulent mixing process of a polydisperse quartz particle flow with a plasma stream generated by a radio-frequency(RF)inductively coupled plasma torch was numerically studied.The thermobaric stress in the quartz particles under dynamic heating in a heterogeneous plasma flow was determined by a two-stage approximation approach.The effect of the presence of vacuoles in natural quartz on the particle thermobaric destruction conditions was studied.It was found that the equivalent thermal and baric stresses in quartz particles may significantly increase in the presence of vacuoles within a small gas volume fraction.The influence of the regime and energetic working conditions of an RF inductively coupled plasma torch system on the particle thermobaric destruction conditions was examined,and a recommendation was given to promote the degree of thermobaric destruction of quartz particles,which is of substantial importance for improving the overall enrichment efficiency of quartz concentrates.展开更多
Open framework structures(e.g.,ScF_(3),Sc_(2)W_(3O)_(12),etc.)exhibit significant potential for thermal expansion tailoring owing to their high atomic vibrational degrees of freedom and diverse connectivity between po...Open framework structures(e.g.,ScF_(3),Sc_(2)W_(3O)_(12),etc.)exhibit significant potential for thermal expansion tailoring owing to their high atomic vibrational degrees of freedom and diverse connectivity between polyhedral units,displaying positive/negative thermal expansion(PTE/NTE)coefficients at a certain temperature.Despite the proposal of several physical mechanisms to explain the origin of NTE,an accurate mapping relationship between the structural–compositional properties and thermal expansion behavior is still lacking.This deficiency impedes the rapid evaluation of thermal expansion properties and hinders the design and development of such materials.We developed an algorithm for identifying and characterizing the connection patterns of structural units in open-framework structures and constructed a descriptor set for the thermal expansion properties of this system,which is composed of connectivity and elemental information.Our developed descriptor,aided by machine learning(ML)algorithms,can effectively learn the thermal expansion behavior in small sample datasets collected from literature-reported experimental data(246 samples).The trained model can accurately distinguish the thermal expansion behavior(PTE/NTE),achieving an accuracy of 92%.Additionally,our model predicted six new thermodynamically stable NTE materials,which were validated through first-principles calculations.Our results demonstrate that developing effective descriptors closely related to thermal expansion properties enables ML models to make accurate predictions even on small sample datasets,providing a new perspective for understanding the relationship between connectivity and thermal expansion properties in the open framework structure.The datasets that were used to support these results are available on Science Data Bank,accessible via the link https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00100.展开更多
The role of glial scar after intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)remains unclear.This study aimed to investigate whether microglia-astrocyte interaction affects glial scar formation and explore the specific function of glial...The role of glial scar after intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)remains unclear.This study aimed to investigate whether microglia-astrocyte interaction affects glial scar formation and explore the specific function of glial scar.We used a pharmacologic approach to induce microglial depletion during different ICH stages and examine how ablating microglia affects astrocytic scar formation.Spatial transcriptomics(ST)analysis was performed to explore the potential ligand-receptor pair in the modulation of microglia-astrocyte interaction and to verify the functional changes of astrocytic scars at different periods.During the early stage,sustained microglial depletion induced disorganized astrocytic scar,enhanced neutrophil infiltration,and impaired tissue repair.ST analysis indicated that microglia-derived insulin like growth factor 1(IGF1)modulated astrocytic scar formation via mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling activation.Moreover,repopulating microglia(RM)more strongly activated mTOR signaling,facilitating a more protective scar formation.The combination of IGF1 and osteopontin(OPN)was necessary and sufficient for RM function,rather than IGF1 or OPN alone.At the chronic stage of ICH,the overall net effect of astrocytic scar changed from protective to destructive and delayed microglial depletion could partly reverse this.The vital insight gleaned from our data is that sustained microglial depletion may not be a reasonable treatment strategy for early-stage ICH.Inversely,early-stage IGF1/OPN treatment combined with late-stage PLX3397 treatment is a promising therapeutic strategy.This prompts us to consider the complex temporal dynamics and overall net effect of microglia and astrocytes,and develop elaborate treatment strategies at precise time points after ICH.展开更多
We use the High-energy Electron Experiments(HEP)instrument onboard Arase(ERG)to conduct an energy-dependent cross-satellite calibration of electron fluxes measured by the High Energy Particle Detector(HEPD)onboard Fen...We use the High-energy Electron Experiments(HEP)instrument onboard Arase(ERG)to conduct an energy-dependent cross-satellite calibration of electron fluxes measured by the High Energy Particle Detector(HEPD)onboard FengYun-4A(FY-4A)spanning from April 1,2017,to September 30,2019.By tracing the two-dimensional magnetic positions(L,magnetic local time[MLT])of FY-4A at each time,we compare the datasets of the conjugate electron fluxes over the range of 245–894 keV in 6 energy channels for the satellite pair within different sets of L×MLT.The variations in the electron fluxes observed by FY-4A generally agree with the Arase measurements,and the percentages of the ratios of electron flux conjunctions within a factor of 2 are larger than 50%.Compared with Arase,FY-4A systematically overestimates electron fluxes at all 6 energy channels,with the corresponding calibration factors ranging from 0.67 to 0.81.After the cross-satellite calibration,the electron flux conjunctions between FY-4A and Arase show better agreement,with much smaller normalized root mean square errors.Our results provide a valuable reference for the application of FY-4A high-energy electron datasets to in-depth investigations of the Earth’s radiation belt electron dynamics.展开更多
The Mohn Ridge separates the Greenland Sea and the Lofoten Basin.Previous studies identified the export across the Mohn Ridge(EMR)from the Greenland Basin into the Lofoten Basin using water mass analysis and the trace...The Mohn Ridge separates the Greenland Sea and the Lofoten Basin.Previous studies identified the export across the Mohn Ridge(EMR)from the Greenland Basin into the Lofoten Basin using water mass analysis and the tracer diffusion method,but there is still lack of direct current measurements.A surface mooring with four current meters was deployed on the Mohn Ridge from June 5 to June 18 in 2015,when three cyclones passed in the adjacent area.In the absence of cyclones,the flow on the Mohn Ridge was northeastward,parallel to the ridge.When cyclones appeared,the EMR occurred to transport Greenland Sea water into the Lofoten Basin.The probable mechanism is the sea level height variation caused by the perturbation of the low pressure of cyclones,which yields an outward pressure gradient force to drive the outflow.Our results suggest that the outflow is intermittent and only happens during cyclone activities.The annual mean volume flux of EMR was roughly estimated by the limited data,which is about 3.8×10^(6)m^(3)/s,a little bit smaller than the estimation based on volume conservation.The results indicate that the contribution of the cyclonic storms to EMR is a greatly important mechanism that potentially influences the global thermohaline circulation through the Greenland-Scotland Ridge overflow.展开更多
文摘The integration of set-valued ordered rough set models and incremental learning signify a progressive advancement of conventional rough set theory, with the objective of tackling the heterogeneity and ongoing transformations in information systems. In set-valued ordered decision systems, when changes occur in the attribute value domain, such as adding conditional values, it may result in changes in the preference relation between objects, indirectly leading to changes in approximations. In this paper, we effectively addressed the issue of updating approximations that arose from adding conditional values in set-valued ordered decision systems. Firstly, we classified the research objects into two categories: objects with changes in conditional values and objects without changes, and then conducted theoretical studies on updating approximations for these two categories, presenting approximation update theories for adding conditional values. Subsequently, we presented incremental algorithms corresponding to approximation update theories. We demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed incremental update method with numerical examples and showed that our incremental algorithm outperformed the static algorithm. Ultimately, by comparing experimental results on different datasets, it is evident that the incremental algorithm efficiently reduced processing time. In conclusion, this study offered a promising strategy to address the challenges of set-valued ordered decision systems in dynamic environments.
文摘In recent years, numerous theoretical tandem mass spectrometry prediction methods have been proposed, yet a systematic study and evaluation of their theoretical accuracy limits have not been conducted. If the accuracy of current methods approaches this limit, further exploration of new prediction techniques may become redundant. Conversely, a need for more precise prediction methods or models may be indicated. In this study, we have experimentally analyzed the limits of accuracy at different numbers of ions and parameters using repeated spectral pairs and integrating various similarity metrics. Results show significant achievements in accuracy for backbone ion methods with room for improvement. In contrast, full-spectrum prediction methods exhibit greater potential relative to the theoretical accuracy limit. Additionally, findings highlight the significant impact of normalized collision energy and instrument type on prediction accuracy, underscoring the importance of considering these factors in future theoretical tandem mass spectrometry predictions.
基金supported by the National Defense Science and Technology Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project,No.2021-JCJQ-ZQ-035National Defense Innovation Special Zone Project,No.21-163-12-ZT-006-002-13Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.11932013(all to XuC).
文摘Controlling intracranial pressure,nerve cell regeneration,and microenvironment regulation are the key issues in reducing mortality and disability in acute brain injury.There is currently a lack of effective treatment methods.Hibernation has the characteristics of low temperature,low metabolism,and hibernation rhythm,as well as protective effects on the nervous,cardiovascular,and motor systems.Artificial hibernation technology is a new technology that can effectively treat acute brain injury by altering the body’s metabolism,lowering the body’s core temperature,and allowing the body to enter a state similar to hibernation.This review introduces artificial hibernation technology,including mild hypothermia treatment technology,central nervous system regulation technology,and artificial hibernation-inducer technology.Upon summarizing the relevant research on artificial hibernation technology in acute brain injury,the research results show that artificial hibernation technology has neuroprotective,anti-inflammatory,and oxidative stress-resistance effects,indicating that it has therapeutic significance in acute brain injury.Furthermore,artificial hibernation technology can alleviate the damage of ischemic stroke,traumatic brain injury,cerebral hemorrhage,cerebral infarction,and other diseases,providing new strategies for treating acute brain injury.However,artificial hibernation technology is currently in its infancy and has some complications,such as electrolyte imbalance and coagulation disorders,which limit its use.Further research is needed for its clinical application.
基金the National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2017-VII-0011-0106)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.ZD2019A001).
文摘Experimental investigations on dynamic in-plane compressive behavior of a plain weave composite were performed using the split Hopkinson pressure bar. A quantitative criterion for calculating the constant strain rate of composites was established. Then the upper limit of strain rate, restricted by stress equilibrium and constant loading rate, was rationally estimated and confirmed by tests. Within the achievable range of 0.001/s-895/s, it was found that the strength increased first and subsequently decreased as the strain rate increased. This feature was also reflected by the turning point(579/s) of the bilinear model for strength prediction. The transition in failure mechanism, from local opening damage to completely splitting destruction, was mainly responsible for such strain rate effects. And three major failure modes were summarized under microscopic observations: fiber fracture, inter-fiber fracture, and interface delamination. Finally, by introducing a nonlinear damage variable, a simplified ZWT model was developed to characterize the dynamic mechanical response. Excellent agreement was shown between the experimental and simulated results.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China with grant number of 22172082 and 21978137。
文摘The development of earth-abundant electrocatalysts with high performance for electrochemical CO_(2)reduction(ECR)is of great significance.Cu-based catalysts have been widely investigated for ECR due to their unique ability to generate various carbonaceous products,but directing selectivity toward one certain product and identifying the real active sites during ECR are still full of challenge.Here,after the incorporation of CdO into CuO,the Cu_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)-O catalyst achieves a 10.3-fold enhancement for CO selectivity in comparison with CuO,and a CO faradic efficiency nearly 90%with a current density around20 mA cm^(-2)could maintain at least 60 h.Interestingly,a wide CO/H_(2)ratio(0.07-10)is reached on Cu_(x)Cd_(1-x)-O catalysts by varying the Cu/Cd ratio,demonstrating the potential of syngas production using such catalysts.The results of ex situ XRD,XPS,and in situ Raman reveal that the real active sites of Cu_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)-O catalysts for CO production during ECR reaction are the reconstructed mixed phases of CuCd alloy and CdCO_(3).In situ FTIR and theoretical calculations further implicate the presence of Cd related species promotes the CO desorption and inhibits the H_(2)evolution,thus leading to an enhanced CO generation.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020A1515111101,2022A1515110431).
文摘Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins(PIPs)are conserved plant aquaporins that transport small molecules across the plasma membrane to trigger instant stress responses and maintain cellular homeostasis under biotic and abiotic stress.To elucidate their roles in plant immunity to pathogen attack,we characterized the expression patterns,subcellular localizations,and H_(2)O_(2)-transport ability of 11 OsPIPs in rice(Oryza sativa),and identified OsPIP2;6 as necessary for rice disease resistance.OsPIP2;6 resides on the plasma membrane and facilitates cytoplasmic import of the immune signaling molecule H_(2)O_(2).Knockout of OsPIP2;6 increases rice susceptibility to Magnaporthe oryzae,indicating a positive function in plant immunity.OsPIP2;6 interacts with OsPIP2;2,which has been reported to increase rice resistance to pathogens via H_(2)O_(2)transport.Our findings suggest that OsPIP2;6 cooperates with OsPIP2;2 as a defense signal transporter complex during plant–pathogen interaction.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31972994)Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Province (2019BEF02004)+1 种基金National Beef and Yak Industrial Technology System (CARS-37)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0501700)。
文摘Background Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)regulate numerous biological processes,including adipogenesis.Research on adipogenesis will assist in the treatment of human metabolic diseases and improve meat quality in livestock,such as the content of intramuscular fat(IMF).However,the significance of lncRNAs in intramuscular adipogenesis remains unclear.This research aimed to reveal the lncRNAs transcriptomic profiles in the process of bovine intramuscular adipogenesis and to identify the lncRNAs involved in the adipogenesis of bovine intramuscular adipocytes.Results In this research,a landscape of lncRNAs was identified with RNA-seq in bovine intramuscular adipocytes at four adipogenesis stages(0 d,3 d,6 d,and 9 d after differentiation).A total of 7035 lncRNAs were detected,including 3396 novel lncRNAs.Based on the results of differential analysis,co-expression analysis,and functional prediction,we focused on the bovine intramuscular adipogenesis-associated long non-coding RNA(BIANCR),a novel lncRNA that may have an important regulatory function.The knockdown of BIANCR inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of intramuscular preadipocytes.Moreover,BIANCR knockdown inhibited intramuscular adipogenesis by regulating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.Conclusion This study obtained the landscape of lncRNAs during adipogenesis in bovine intramuscular adipocytes.BIANCR plays a crucial role in adipogenesis through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.The results are noteworthy for improving beef meat quality,molecular breeding,and metabolic disease research.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22172082,21978137,and 21878162)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(20JCZDJC00770)+1 种基金the NCC Fund(NCC2020FH05)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction to formate is a potential approach to achieving global carbon neutrality.Here,Cu1Bi1bimetallic catalyst was prepared by a co-precipitation method.It has a ginger like composite structure(CuO/CuBi_(2)O_(4))and exhibited a high formate faradaic efficiency of 98.07%at–0.98 V and a large current density of–56.12 mA.cm^(-2)at–1.28 V,which is twice as high as Bi2O3catalyst.Especially,high selectivity(FE^(–)_(HCOO)>85%)is maintained over a wide potential window of 500 mV.In-situ Raman measurements and structure characterization revealed that the reduced Cu1Bi1bimetallic catalyst possesses abundant Cu-Bi interfaces and residual Bi-O structures.The abundant Cu-Bi interface structures on the catalyst surface can provide abundant active sites for CO_(2)RR,while the Bi-O structures may stabilize the CO_(2)^(*–)intermediate.The synergistic effect of abundant Cu-Bi interfaces and Bi-O species promotes the efficient synthesis of formate by following the OCHO^(*)pathway.
基金Changjiang Scholars Program of the Ministry of Education,Grant/Award Number:Q2018270Outstanding Youth Funding of Anhui Province,Grant/Award Number:OUFAH 1908085J10+2 种基金Jiangsu Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program,Grant/Award Number:202111117079YNatural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,Grant/Award Number:BK20200044National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:NSFC 21671004,NSFC 21975001,NSFC U1904215。
文摘The ferrocene(Fc)-based metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are regarded as compelling platforms for the construction of efficient and robust oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts due to their superior conductivity and flexible electronic structure.Herein,density functional theory simulations were addressed to predict the electronic structure regulations of CoFc-MOF by nickel doping,which demonstrated that the well-proposed CoNiFc-MOFs delivered a small energy barrier,promoted conductivity,and well-regulated d-band center.Inspired by these,a series of sea-urchin-like CoNiFc-MOFs were successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal method.Moreover,the synchrotron X-ray and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements manifested that the introduction of nickel could tailor the electronic structure of the catalyst and induce the directional transfer of electrons,thus optimizing the rate-determining step of^(*)O→^(*)OOH during the OER process and yielding decent overpotentials of 209 and 252 mV at 10 and 200 mA cm^(−2),respectively,with a small Tafel slope of 39 mV dec^(−1).This work presents a new paradigm for developing highly efficient and durable MOF-based electrocatalysts for OER.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA 0605703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41976193 and No.42176243)+8 种基金X.CHEN was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1509100)the National Science Foundation of China(No.41825012)B.WU was supported by the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41790472)the National Key Basic Research Project of China(2019YFA0607002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41730959)X.CHENG was funded by the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(Grant No.311021008)M.DING was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42122047 and 42105036)the Basic Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(2021Y021 and 2021Z006)Q.SUN was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0106300).
文摘During the recent four decades since 1980,a series of modern climate satellites were launched,allowing for the measurement and record-keeping of multiple climate parameters,especially over the polar regions where traditional observations are difficult to obtain.China has been actively engaging in polar expeditions.Many observations were conducted during this period,accompanied by improved Earth climate models,leading to a series of insightful understandings concerning Arctic and Antarctic climate changes.Here,we review the recent progress China has made concerning Arctic and Antarctic climate change research over the past decade.The Arctic temperature increase is much higher than the global-mean warming rate,associated with a rapid decline in sea ice,a phenomenon called the Arctic Amplification.The Antarctic climate changes showed a zonally asymmetric pattern over the past four decades,with most of the fastest changes occurring over West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula.The Arctic and Antarctic climate changes were driven by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and ozone loss,while tropical-polar teleconnections play important roles in driving the regional climate changes and extreme events over the polar regions.Polar climate changes may also feedback to the entire Earth climate system.The adjustment of the circulation in both the troposphere and the stratosphere contributed to the interactions between the polar climate changes and lower latitudes.Climate change has also driven rapid Arctic and Southern ocean acidification.Chinese researchers have made a series of advances in understanding these processes,as reviewed in this paper.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42025404, 42188101, and 42241143)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2022YFF0503700 and 2022YFF0503900)+1 种基金the B-type Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB41000000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2042022kf1012)
文摘Because radiation belt electrons can pose a potential threat to the safety of satellites orbiting in space,it is of great importance to develop a reliable model that can predict the highly dynamic variations in outer radiation belt electron fluxes.In the present study,we develop a forecast model of radiation belt electron fluxes based on the data assimilation method,in terms of Van Allen Probe measurements combined with three-dimensional radiation belt numerical simulations.Our forecast model can cover the entire outer radiation belt with a high temporal resolution(1 hour)and a spatial resolution of 0.25 L over a wide range of both electron energy(0.1-5.0 MeV)and pitch angle(5°-90°).On the basis of this model,we forecast hourly electron fluxes for the next 1,2,and 3 days during an intense geomagnetic storm and evaluate the corresponding prediction performance.Our model can reasonably predict the stormtime evolution of radiation belt electrons with high prediction efficiency(up to~0.8-1).The best prediction performance is found for~0.3-3 MeV electrons at L=~3.25-4.5,which extends to higher L and lower energies with increasing pitch angle.Our results demonstrate that the forecast model developed can be a powerful tool to predict the spatiotemporal changes in outer radiation belt electron fluxes,and the model has both scientific significance and practical implications.
基金Financial support was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.21807024)the Youth Top-notch Talents Supporting Plan of Hebei Province(QNBJ19004)+4 种基金Scientific Research Foundation of Hebei Province for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars(C20220508)the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(no.ZD2021072)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province(226Z2601G)Science Fun for Creative Research Groups of Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(no.H2020206474)supported by the Postdoctoral Fund of Hebei Medical University.
文摘Tumor microenvironment(TME)with the particular features of severe hypoxia,insufficient endogenous H2O2,and overexpression of glutathione(GSH)markedly reduced the antitumor efficacy of monotherapy.Herein,a TME-responsive multifunctional nanoplatform(Bi2S3@Bi@PDA-HA/Art NRs)was presented for synergistic photothermal therapy(PTT),chemodynamic therapy(CDT),and photodynamic therapy(PDT)to achieve better therapeutic outcomes.The Z-scheme heterostructured bismuth sulfide@bismuth nanorods(Bi2S3@Bi NRs)guaranteed excellent photothermal performance of the nanoplatform.Moreover,its ability to produce O2 and reactive oxygen species(ROS)synchronously could relieve tumor hypoxia and improve PDT outcomes.The densely coated polydopamine/ammonium bicarbonate(PDA/ABC)and hyaluronic acid(HA)layers on the surface of the nanoplatform enhanced the cancer-targeting capacity and induced the acidic TME-triggered in situ“bomb-like”release of Art.The CDT treatment was achieved by activating the released Art through intracellular Fe2+ions in an H2O2-independent manner.Furthermore,decreasing the glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)levels by Art could also increase the PDT efficiency of Bi2S3@Bi NRs.Owing to the synergistic effect,this nanoplatform displayed improved antitumor efficacy with minimal toxicity both in vitro and in vivo.Our design sheds light on the application of phototherapy combined with the traditional Chinese medicine monomer-artesunate in treating the hypoxic tumor.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52202460,52177128)National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2020YFC2201100,2021YFC2202804)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2021M690392,2021TQ0036)Science Foundation for Youth Scholars of the Beijing Institute of TechnologyAdvanced Space Propulsion Laboratory of BICE and the Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Efficient and Green Aerospace Propulsion Technology(No.LabASP-2021-04)。
文摘In the present work,the turbulent mixing process of a polydisperse quartz particle flow with a plasma stream generated by a radio-frequency(RF)inductively coupled plasma torch was numerically studied.The thermobaric stress in the quartz particles under dynamic heating in a heterogeneous plasma flow was determined by a two-stage approximation approach.The effect of the presence of vacuoles in natural quartz on the particle thermobaric destruction conditions was studied.It was found that the equivalent thermal and baric stresses in quartz particles may significantly increase in the presence of vacuoles within a small gas volume fraction.The influence of the regime and energetic working conditions of an RF inductively coupled plasma torch system on the particle thermobaric destruction conditions was examined,and a recommendation was given to promote the degree of thermobaric destruction of quartz particles,which is of substantial importance for improving the overall enrichment efficiency of quartz concentrates.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12004131,22090044,62125402,and 92061113)。
文摘Open framework structures(e.g.,ScF_(3),Sc_(2)W_(3O)_(12),etc.)exhibit significant potential for thermal expansion tailoring owing to their high atomic vibrational degrees of freedom and diverse connectivity between polyhedral units,displaying positive/negative thermal expansion(PTE/NTE)coefficients at a certain temperature.Despite the proposal of several physical mechanisms to explain the origin of NTE,an accurate mapping relationship between the structural–compositional properties and thermal expansion behavior is still lacking.This deficiency impedes the rapid evaluation of thermal expansion properties and hinders the design and development of such materials.We developed an algorithm for identifying and characterizing the connection patterns of structural units in open-framework structures and constructed a descriptor set for the thermal expansion properties of this system,which is composed of connectivity and elemental information.Our developed descriptor,aided by machine learning(ML)algorithms,can effectively learn the thermal expansion behavior in small sample datasets collected from literature-reported experimental data(246 samples).The trained model can accurately distinguish the thermal expansion behavior(PTE/NTE),achieving an accuracy of 92%.Additionally,our model predicted six new thermodynamically stable NTE materials,which were validated through first-principles calculations.Our results demonstrate that developing effective descriptors closely related to thermal expansion properties enables ML models to make accurate predictions even on small sample datasets,providing a new perspective for understanding the relationship between connectivity and thermal expansion properties in the open framework structure.The datasets that were used to support these results are available on Science Data Bank,accessible via the link https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00100.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82071287,81870916)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81971097)+3 种基金the Basic Public Interests Research Plan of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.:GF18H090006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81701214)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82001299)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.:TGD23C040017).
文摘The role of glial scar after intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)remains unclear.This study aimed to investigate whether microglia-astrocyte interaction affects glial scar formation and explore the specific function of glial scar.We used a pharmacologic approach to induce microglial depletion during different ICH stages and examine how ablating microglia affects astrocytic scar formation.Spatial transcriptomics(ST)analysis was performed to explore the potential ligand-receptor pair in the modulation of microglia-astrocyte interaction and to verify the functional changes of astrocytic scars at different periods.During the early stage,sustained microglial depletion induced disorganized astrocytic scar,enhanced neutrophil infiltration,and impaired tissue repair.ST analysis indicated that microglia-derived insulin like growth factor 1(IGF1)modulated astrocytic scar formation via mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling activation.Moreover,repopulating microglia(RM)more strongly activated mTOR signaling,facilitating a more protective scar formation.The combination of IGF1 and osteopontin(OPN)was necessary and sufficient for RM function,rather than IGF1 or OPN alone.At the chronic stage of ICH,the overall net effect of astrocytic scar changed from protective to destructive and delayed microglial depletion could partly reverse this.The vital insight gleaned from our data is that sustained microglial depletion may not be a reasonable treatment strategy for early-stage ICH.Inversely,early-stage IGF1/OPN treatment combined with late-stage PLX3397 treatment is a promising therapeutic strategy.This prompts us to consider the complex temporal dynamics and overall net effect of microglia and astrocytes,and develop elaborate treatment strategies at precise time points after ICH.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42025404,42188101,42241143,41931073,and 42204160)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFF0503700,2022YFF0503900,and 2021YFA0718600)+1 种基金the B-type Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB41000000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.2042022kf1012 and 2042022kf1016).
文摘We use the High-energy Electron Experiments(HEP)instrument onboard Arase(ERG)to conduct an energy-dependent cross-satellite calibration of electron fluxes measured by the High Energy Particle Detector(HEPD)onboard FengYun-4A(FY-4A)spanning from April 1,2017,to September 30,2019.By tracing the two-dimensional magnetic positions(L,magnetic local time[MLT])of FY-4A at each time,we compare the datasets of the conjugate electron fluxes over the range of 245–894 keV in 6 energy channels for the satellite pair within different sets of L×MLT.The variations in the electron fluxes observed by FY-4A generally agree with the Arase measurements,and the percentages of the ratios of electron flux conjunctions within a factor of 2 are larger than 50%.Compared with Arase,FY-4A systematically overestimates electron fluxes at all 6 energy channels,with the corresponding calibration factors ranging from 0.67 to 0.81.After the cross-satellite calibration,the electron flux conjunctions between FY-4A and Arase show better agreement,with much smaller normalized root mean square errors.Our results provide a valuable reference for the application of FY-4A high-energy electron datasets to in-depth investigations of the Earth’s radiation belt electron dynamics.
基金The Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects of Shandong Province under contract No.2018SDKJ0104-1the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41941012 and 41976022.
文摘The Mohn Ridge separates the Greenland Sea and the Lofoten Basin.Previous studies identified the export across the Mohn Ridge(EMR)from the Greenland Basin into the Lofoten Basin using water mass analysis and the tracer diffusion method,but there is still lack of direct current measurements.A surface mooring with four current meters was deployed on the Mohn Ridge from June 5 to June 18 in 2015,when three cyclones passed in the adjacent area.In the absence of cyclones,the flow on the Mohn Ridge was northeastward,parallel to the ridge.When cyclones appeared,the EMR occurred to transport Greenland Sea water into the Lofoten Basin.The probable mechanism is the sea level height variation caused by the perturbation of the low pressure of cyclones,which yields an outward pressure gradient force to drive the outflow.Our results suggest that the outflow is intermittent and only happens during cyclone activities.The annual mean volume flux of EMR was roughly estimated by the limited data,which is about 3.8×10^(6)m^(3)/s,a little bit smaller than the estimation based on volume conservation.The results indicate that the contribution of the cyclonic storms to EMR is a greatly important mechanism that potentially influences the global thermohaline circulation through the Greenland-Scotland Ridge overflow.