高温环境下梯度多孔金属纤维的吸声性能及优化设计

为了研究高温环境下具有梯度结构的多孔金属纤维吸声性能,应用物性参数与温度之间的关系式,将Johnson-Allard吸声理论模型拓展到高温条件下,建立了多孔金属纤维材料高温吸声理论模型。采用高温阻抗管设备,测量了多孔材料试件,实验测试数据与理论计算结果符合很好,验证了理论模型的有效性。应用声阻抗转移公式,进一步将该理论模型拓展为梯度多孔金属纤维的高温吸声理论模型,并结合优化算法对多层梯度材料结构进行了优化设计。研究结果表明:高温条件下,材料吸声效果相比常温条件下稍差;多孔材料孔隙率和纤维丝径对材料吸声性能影响显著,随着孔隙率或纤维丝直径增大,材料吸声系数在低频段减小,在中频段增大;经过结构优化设计后,在同等条件下,多层梯度金属纤维材料吸声性能明显优于单层结构,具有良好的吸声效果。研究工作对多孔金属纤维材料的高温吸声应用及梯度优化设计具有一定的指导意义。

基于培养实践能力的“工程力学”教学创新改革与实践

工程力学是重要的技术基础课,与工程实践有着非常密切的关系,在诸多工程技术领域中得到广泛的应用。其对于工科专业,例如航空航天、机械工程、能源动力等具有非常重要的意义。因此,在推行创新教育的大环境下,工程力学的课程教学改革也得到了各高校的广泛重视。文章首先阐述了工程力学课程学习内容以及培养目标;其次从培养学生主动学习、热爱学习工程力学课程出发,提出采用现代教学手段与传统板书相结合的多元化教学方式,强调教学过程的逻辑性及趣味性,同时注重作业形式的开放性以及考核方式的灵活性;还有采用有限元教学案例形式,在理论教学中渗透工程实践能力的培养;最后鼓励以各类学科活动促进课程学习,并提高学生的创新实践能力。

Dynamic flow resistivity based model for sound absorption of multi-layer sintered fibrous metals

The sound absorbing performance of the sintered fibrous metallic materials is investigated by employing a dynamic flow resistivity based model,in which the porous material is modeled as randomly distributed parallel fibers specified by two basic physical parameters:fiber diameter and porosity.A self-consistent Brinkman approach is applied to the calculation of the dynamic resistivity of flow perpendicular to the cylindrical fibers.Based on the solved flow resistivity,the sound absorption of single layer fibrous material can be obtained by adopting the available empirical equations.Moreover,the recursion formulas of surface impedance are applied to the calculation of the sound absorption coefficient of multi-layer fibrous materials.Experimental measurements are conducted to validate the proposed model,with good agreement achieved between model predictions and tested data.Numerical calculations with the proposed model are subsequently performed to quantify the influences of fiber diameter,porosity and backed air gap on sound absorption of uniform(single-layer)fibrous materials.Results show that the sound absorption increases with porosity at higher frequencies but decreases with porosity at lower frequencies.The sound absorption also decreases with fiber diameter at higher frequencies but increases at lower frequencies.The sound absorption resonance is shifted to lower frequencies with air gap.For multi-layer fibrous materials,gradient distributions of both fiber diameter and porosity are introduced and their effects on sound absorption are assessed.It is found that increasing the porosity and fiber diameter variation improves sound absorption in the low frequency range.The model provides the possibility to tailor the sound absorption capability of the sintered fibrous materials by optimizing the gradient distributions of key physical parameters.

Sound radiation of parallelly stiffened plates under convected harmonic pressure excitation

The radiation of noise from a parallelly rib-stiffened skin plate of aircraft cabin fuselage in the presence of external mean flow is theoretically investigated.An aero-acoustic-elastic model is developed and used to calculate the radiated sound pressure level(SPL) versus frequency curves with reference to sound radiation of a bare plate immersed in a steady fluid.The flexural and rotational motions of the rib stiffeners are described by applying the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and torsional wave equation,respectively.Therefore,the coupling forces and moments between the ribs and the face-panel,caused separately by flexural and rotational motion of the ribs,are both taken into account.Given the periodicity of the structure,the Fourier transform technique is employed to solve panel vibration equations and acoustic equations.Systematic parametric investigation demonstrates that the presence of mean flow as well as rib spacings play significant roles in the sound radiation behavior of parallelly rib-stiffened plates.The proposed model provides a convenient and efficient tool for the factual engineering design of this kind of periodic structures with acoustic requirements.

Sound absorption performance of gradiently slit-perforated double-porosity materials

A gradiently slit-perforated double-porosity material is proposed by introducing macro-scale periodic gradient slit-perforations into traditional porous materials with singleporosity.This material is one kind of multiscale material since it includes two scales of matrix micro-pore size and slit-perforation size.A theoretical model is developed for the sound absorption of the gradiently slit-perforated double-porosity material.In the model,the material is divided into lots of thin layers and each layer is approximated to be straight slit-perforated material.The equivalent density and dynamic compressibility of each thin layer are given by using the low or high permeability contrast double-porosity theory.Then the sound pressure and particle velocity relations between adjacent thin layers are obtained by employing the transfer matrix method.Finally,the surface acoustic impedance and the sound absorption of the gradiently slit-perforated porous material can be calculated.A finite element model is further established to validate the accuracy of the theoretical model.In the considered frequency range of 100-3000 Hz,the simulation results agree well with theoretical results.The influence of multiscale structural parameters on the sound absorption performance of the porous materials is analyzed theoretically and numerically.It is proved that the multiscale structure design can significantly improve the sound absorption performance of porous materials.Compared to the slit-perforation gradient,the slit-perforation width plays a more significant influence on sound absorption.The sound absorption enhancement mechanism of the multiscale structure design is revealed by the analysis of the sound pressure and energy dissipation distributions in the material.This work provides a multiscale structural design method for improving the sound absorption performance of traditional porous materials at broadband frequency.