目的探讨门静脉高压症术后门静脉系统血栓(portal venous system thrombosis,PVST)形成的原因及其防治措施。方法对132例门静脉高压症患者行脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术,术中均经胃网膜右静脉置入导管测压并留置导管,其中36例患者(设...目的探讨门静脉高压症术后门静脉系统血栓(portal venous system thrombosis,PVST)形成的原因及其防治措施。方法对132例门静脉高压症患者行脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术,术中均经胃网膜右静脉置入导管测压并留置导管,其中36例患者(设为试验组,其余设为对照组)术中增加脾静脉近端结扎。术后早期经导管滴注肝素盐水预防血栓,或发生血栓后滴注尿激酶溶栓,出院后口服华法林,使预防和治疗血栓的效果分别达到国际标准化比值(INR)维持于1.5~2.0和2.0~3.0,并直至血小板数量恢复正常。结果术后2周内发生PVST共132例(100%),血栓分布:残余脾静脉血栓132例(100%),门静脉血栓(PVT)39例(29.5%)。在39例PVT中,门静脉主干血栓33例,主干血栓均与残余脾静脉血栓相连,其中15例血栓最大横截面积<50%,14例血栓最大横截面积≥50%,4例为完全性血栓;肠系膜上静脉血栓6例,其中4例合并门静脉主干血栓并与肠系膜上静脉血栓相连,2例存在门静脉分支血栓且肠系膜上静脉血栓与脾静脉血栓相连。39例PVT中,门静脉左支血栓21例,门静脉右支血栓18例;PVT 2处及以上者25例。在试验组36例脾静脉近端结扎的患者中,发生门静脉主干血栓1例(2.8%);在对照组未采用脾静脉近端结扎的96例中发生PVT 38例(39.6%),两者对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。对39例PVT采用抗凝及溶栓治疗,其中33例在术后6个月获得随访并进行CT检查,发现血栓消失、机化再通和海绵样变各23例、7例和3例。结论肝硬化门静脉高压症行脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术后早期残余脾静脉内易形成血栓,残余脾静脉血栓向门静脉内蔓延是发生术后PVT的主要原因。脾静脉近端结扎的预防效果显著,经胃网膜右静脉留置导管,术后滴注肝素盐水和溶栓剂兼具预防和治疗双重作用,口服华法林效果确切但需检测凝血功能。展开更多
目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)治疗有上腹部手术史的胆总管结石患者的安全性及可行性。方法收集宁夏回族自治区人民医院2011年11月至2017年6月有上腹部手术史的胆总管结石患者病例资料...目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)治疗有上腹部手术史的胆总管结石患者的安全性及可行性。方法收集宁夏回族自治区人民医院2011年11月至2017年6月有上腹部手术史的胆总管结石患者病例资料共75例,根据手术方式分为LCBDE组(观察组)25例,开腹胆总管探查术(open common bile duct exploration,OCBDE)组(对照组)50例,分析两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后黄疸恢复时间、术后镇痛例数、术后住院时间及术后近期并发症发生情况、结石残余率等。结果两组患者在手术时间、术后黄疸恢复时间、术后近期并发症之间比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。观察组术中出血量[(60.40±33.72)mL]少于对照组[(126.60±137.54)mL](t=2.364,P<0.05);观察组和对照组术后住院时间分别为(7.12±1.88)、(13.58±8.94)d,术后进食时间分别为(2.00±1.23)、(4.58±3.83)d,观察组均短于对照组(t=3.562、3.277,P均<0.05);观察组和对照组术后镇痛比例分别为12.0%、34%,观察组低于对照组(χ^(2)=4.125,P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜探查取石在治疗胆总管结石合并有上腹部手术史的患者安全有效、切实可行,具有创伤小、恢复快等优点,值得推广。展开更多
Using the model system MM5.V3 and multi-layer grid nesting technique, we have done a multi-scale numerical simulation over the area of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province to analyze the temperature and wind field ther...Using the model system MM5.V3 and multi-layer grid nesting technique, we have done a multi-scale numerical simulation over the area of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province to analyze the temperature and wind field there and study its local circulations. The results show a coupling effect of Urban Heat Island Circulation (UHIC), Mountain Valley Breeze (MVB) and Sea Land Breeze (SLB) occurs in this area when the synoptic system is weak. The SLB can penetrate deep into the mainland for about 200 km when it is blooming. MVB can extend to south and cover almost the whole plain area in Beijing. Both MVB and SLB are diurnal periodical; meanwhile the phase of MVB drops behind that of SLB for about six hours. As a local circulation, the UHIC weakens the two circulations above, and it also has a diurnal period. As a result, the coupling effect of circulations reveals not only different features in spring-summer period and autumn-winter period in a year but also the difference between early morn- ing to noonday and afternoon to night in a day. We noted the diffusion of contamination over the area around Beijing, and found the steady presence of a transport routine of contamination over North-China throughout the year caused by the Coupling Effect mentioned above. This find is important for studying the environment pollution in this area.展开更多
文摘目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)治疗有上腹部手术史的胆总管结石患者的安全性及可行性。方法收集宁夏回族自治区人民医院2011年11月至2017年6月有上腹部手术史的胆总管结石患者病例资料共75例,根据手术方式分为LCBDE组(观察组)25例,开腹胆总管探查术(open common bile duct exploration,OCBDE)组(对照组)50例,分析两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后黄疸恢复时间、术后镇痛例数、术后住院时间及术后近期并发症发生情况、结石残余率等。结果两组患者在手术时间、术后黄疸恢复时间、术后近期并发症之间比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。观察组术中出血量[(60.40±33.72)mL]少于对照组[(126.60±137.54)mL](t=2.364,P<0.05);观察组和对照组术后住院时间分别为(7.12±1.88)、(13.58±8.94)d,术后进食时间分别为(2.00±1.23)、(4.58±3.83)d,观察组均短于对照组(t=3.562、3.277,P均<0.05);观察组和对照组术后镇痛比例分别为12.0%、34%,观察组低于对照组(χ^(2)=4.125,P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜探查取石在治疗胆总管结石合并有上腹部手术史的患者安全有效、切实可行,具有创伤小、恢复快等优点,值得推广。
基金Supported by Central Public Welfare Special Fund Program for the Institute and Higher Education (Grant No. IUMKY200701)Public Welfare Special Fund Pro-gram (Meteorology) of China Scientific and Technological Ministry (Grant Nos. CYHY20080620, CYHY200706004)+1 种基金Spread New Technology Program of China Meteorological Administration (Grant No. CMATG2007M15)Urban Meteorol-ogy Scientific Research Fund Program of the Institute of Beijing Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration (Grant No. UMRF200702)
文摘Using the model system MM5.V3 and multi-layer grid nesting technique, we have done a multi-scale numerical simulation over the area of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province to analyze the temperature and wind field there and study its local circulations. The results show a coupling effect of Urban Heat Island Circulation (UHIC), Mountain Valley Breeze (MVB) and Sea Land Breeze (SLB) occurs in this area when the synoptic system is weak. The SLB can penetrate deep into the mainland for about 200 km when it is blooming. MVB can extend to south and cover almost the whole plain area in Beijing. Both MVB and SLB are diurnal periodical; meanwhile the phase of MVB drops behind that of SLB for about six hours. As a local circulation, the UHIC weakens the two circulations above, and it also has a diurnal period. As a result, the coupling effect of circulations reveals not only different features in spring-summer period and autumn-winter period in a year but also the difference between early morn- ing to noonday and afternoon to night in a day. We noted the diffusion of contamination over the area around Beijing, and found the steady presence of a transport routine of contamination over North-China throughout the year caused by the Coupling Effect mentioned above. This find is important for studying the environment pollution in this area.
