唐长安城崇仁坊空间分布的变迁

唐长安城崇仁坊位于三大内——太极宫、大明宫、兴庆宫与皇城之间,与东市对角相望。初唐和盛唐时期,除了寺观之外,特殊的地理位置吸引了很多高官贵族在此居住。开元年间,礼会院的设立使崇仁坊的里坊空间开始发生改变。中晚唐以后,崇仁坊内出现了数量众多的进奏院、旅舍,商业活动尤为兴盛,出现突破里坊空间和时间的夜市。此时,除了寺观的延续,仍有新的高官贵族宅邸,但数量骤减,已不占主要地位。

Interfacial Electronic Modulation of Dual-Monodispersed Pt–Ni_(3)S_(2) as Efficacious Bi-Functional Electrocatalysts for Concurrent H_(2) Evolution and Methanol Selective Oxidation

Constructing the efficacious and applicable bifunctional electrocatalysts and establishing out the mechanisms of organic electro-oxidation by replacing anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER) are critical to the development of electrochemicallydriven technologies for efficient hydrogen production and avoid CO_(2) emission. Herein, the hetero-nanocrystals between monodispersed Pt(~ 2 nm) and Ni_(3)S_(2)(~ 9.6 nm) are constructed as active electrocatalysts through interfacial electronic modulation, which exhibit superior bi-functional activities for methanol selective oxidation and H_(2) generation. The experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the asymmetrical charge distribution at Pt–Ni_(3)S_(2) could be modulated by the electronic interaction at the interface of dual-monodispersed heterojunctions, which thus promote the adsorption/desorption of the chemical intermediates at the interface. As a result, the selective conversion from CH_(3)OH to formate is accomplished at very low potentials(1.45 V) to attain 100 m A cm^(-2) with high electronic utilization rate(~ 98%) and without CO_(2) emission. Meanwhile, the Pt–Ni_(3)S_(2) can simultaneously exhibit a broad potential window with outstanding stability and large current densities for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) at the cathode. Further, the excellent bi-functional performance is also indicated in the coupled methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)//HER reactor by only requiring a cell voltage of 1.60 V to achieve a current density of 50 m A cm^(-2) with good reusability.

Trametinib boosts palbociclib’s efficacy in breast cancer via autophagy inhibition

Breast cancer,a predominant global health issue,requires ongoing exploration of new therapeutic strategies.Palbociclib(PAL),a well-known cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK)inhibitor,plays a critical role in breast cancer treatment.While its efficacy is recognized,the interplay between PAL and cellular autophagy,particularly in the context of the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway,remains insufficiently explored.This study investigates PAL’s inhibitory effects on breast cancer using both in vitro(MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 cells)and in vivo(tumor-bearing nude mice)models.Aimed at elucidating the impact of PAL on autophagic processes and exploring the potential of combining it with trametinib(TRA),an MEK inhibitor,our research seeks to address the challenge of PAL-induced drug resistance.Ourfindings reveal that PAL significantly decreases the viability of MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 cells and reduces tumor size in mice while showing minimal cytotoxicity in MCF10A cells.However,PAL also induces protective autophagy,potentially leading to drug resistance via the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway activation.Introducing TRA effectively neutralized this autophagy,enhancing PAL’s anti-tumor efficacy.A combination of PAL and TRA synergistically reduced cell viability and proliferation,and in vivo studies showed notable tumor size reduction.In conclusion,the PAL and TRA combination emerges as a promising strategy for overcoming PAL-induced resistance,offering a new horizon in breast cancer treatment.

十六国时期房屋类建筑遗存述略

关中土雕建筑、河北辽西建筑构件、高句丽壁画是最重要的十六国时期房屋类建筑资料。三地建筑存在一定的表面差异,但基本的建筑技术和样式是接近的,关中、河北辽西都上承汉晋而向拙重方向发展,高句丽可能受到东晋南朝的影响而略显轻巧。关中、河北辽西建筑特征后来又都汇聚到北魏平城,型塑了平城建筑的基本形态。

对氨基苯磺酸锌配合物的绿色合成及结构表征

锌配合物的绿色合成与表征是结合配合物基础知识和当前科学研究热点设计改进的一个综合性实验。本文以水为溶剂,以对氨基苯磺酸(4-ABS)和ZnO为主要原料,直接法制备得到一种三维网状配合物。对该配合物进行单晶X射线衍射、红外光谱、热重分析、紫外以及荧光光谱等结构表征,并采用Materials Studio (MS)软件的CASTEP模块,对配合物的几何构型进行优化,从原子水平上进一步佐证配合物的最优结构及稳定化能。该实验过程包含配合物制备、蒸发浓缩、减压过滤、单晶培养、紫外及荧光光谱测试、热重分析、理论计算等,整个教学过程综合性及可操作性较强。同时,该实验把绿色合成融入到实验方案设计和实施的全过程,使学生树立节能环保的理念,激发学生探究真知的兴趣和热情,使其在加深理解配位化学基础知识的同时,获得了相关前沿热点知识,对培养学生创新思维、科学研究能力和综合素质具有十分重要的意义。

“腰痛三号方”联合经皮椎间孔镜治疗椎间盘源性腰痛23例临床观察

目的探讨"腰痛三号方"联合经皮椎间孔镜(PTED)治疗椎间盘源性腰痛的临床效果。方法选择2013年1月~2016年7月在本院收治的46例椎间盘源性腰痛患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组23例;对照组予以单纯PTED手术治疗,术后常规对症治疗;治疗组在同期进行的PTED治疗基础上,予口服"腰痛三号方",每日1剂,分早晚2次口服,1周为1个疗程,共4个疗程。于术前、术后1、6个月行疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和oswestry功能障碍指数(oswestry disablilty index,ODI)对比分析两种方法治疗椎间盘源性腰痛的临床疗效以及腰背部功能的改善情况,末次访时按改良Macnab标准评价临床疗效。结果治疗前两组患者VAS、ODI评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后1个月、6个月随访时"腰痛三号方"联合PTED治疗后的VAS、ODI评分平均值均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);且愈显率和总有效率分别为73.9%和95.6%,均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。全部患者未见不良反应。结论应用"腰痛三号方"联合PTED治疗椎间盘源性腰痛患者,在缓解疼痛及改善生活质量等方面疗效显著,有助于提高治疗的有效性及安全性,值得在临床上推广应用。

非特异性下腰痛中治疗作用靶点--信号素Sema3A的研究进展

神经长入和炎症反应是非特异痛性椎间盘最显著的病理改变。信号素Sema3A(Semaphorin3A)是一类跨膜蛋白家族,通过与NRP-1/plexinA受体复合,调控Sema3A-NRP-1-plexinA信号通路,在神经元发育、损伤与修复等过程中发挥重要的化学趋化及导向作用。近来研究发现Sema3A抑制DRG(dorsal root ganglion)神经元轴突生长,退变椎间盘中Sema3A显著下降,诱导外围神经长入纤维环内层及髓核。此外,Sema3A可抑制KLF5(Krüppel-like factor 5)介导的炎性反应,拮抗血管内皮生长因子的活性,导致新生血管受阻,抑制血管内皮细胞的生长和发展。因此,通过Sema3A调节退变椎间盘病理性神经血管长入及炎症反应成为一个新的治疗方向。

仿信鸽归巢行为的导航技术研究进展

针对仿信鸽归巢行为的导航技术,本文首先简要叙述了信鸽归巢行为,并从地图和罗盘导航、视觉地标导航2个方面分析了信鸽导航的行为学实验和导航机制。随后,介绍了几种具有代表性的模拟信鸽归巢行为的理论模型和仿真模型。基于信鸽归巢导航行为机制和位置熵理论,提出了一种动态切换三阶段信鸽归巢模型,分别与信鸽归巢中的地图罗盘导航、步长重定向和马赛克地图导航行为建立映射关系,并给出了归巢导航模型仿真结果。最后,从信鸽归巢导航行为与无人机自主导航相似性出发,建立了信鸽归巢行为模型到无人机自主导航的机制映射,并探讨了仿信鸽归巢行为的导航技术未来研究方向。

智能自动化技术在机械设计中的应用研究

智能自动化技术是机械设计的必然发展方向,智能自动化技术的引入使机械设计真正实现了智能化、自动化、数字化、系统化,提高了机械设计效率与质量,为机械设计产业化发展提供了技术基础,机械设计行业要不断探索机械设计的智能自动化,使机械设计更为科学化、合理化。

南方6类挺水植物净化污水氮素的对比试验研究

【目的】对比研究各类挺水植物对污水中总氮和氨氮的净化效果和机理。【方法】筛选水芹菜、鱼腥草、再力花、风车草、花叶芦竹和香根草6类挺水植物,采用室外大棚无土水培种植试验,定期检测4类污水总氮与氨氮含量、pH、DO及植物生理指标、环境温度。【结果】①在试验前14 d,各类植物对污水中氨氮和总氮的去除率快速升高,到第21天,升高速率减缓,到第28天,部分出现一定程度的反弹,此后振荡升高直至基本稳定。②随着污水浓度的上升,植物除氮能力也随之提高。植物代谢能力和生长趋势与植物除氮能力呈正相关关系。③试验污水pH均下降。其中,再力花盆栽系统中污水的pH下降幅度最大,污水浓度大小与pH变化的相关性不明显,DO含量有一定的起伏变化,但水体环境基本为氧化环境。各类植物中花叶芦竹和再力花试验污水的DO含量相对较高。【结论】植物自身生长需要和植物根系的微生物活动是挺水植物净化水体氮素的主要机制。过氧化氢酶活性、根系活力和植物生长量等与植物净化水体氮污染能力呈正相关关系。推荐再力花和花叶芦竹作为南方构建湿地系统处理氮素污水的首选挺水植物。

基于地理探测器的绿色经济效率时空分异及驱动力研究

绿色经济效率(GEE)提升是经济绿色、高质量发展的“助推剂”。该研究基于UndesirableSBM模型测度2007-2017年我国大陆30个省份的GEE,利用空间自相关及冷热点分析法,探究GEE的时空演变特征,运用地理探测器模型进一步揭示其驱动力的空间异质性。结果表明:①GEE呈“U形尾波”的阶段性特征,整体上由“小差距高效率”向“大差距低效率”动态演进,区域间形成“东-中-西”阶梯式递减的分异格局,“分化”与“极化”现象日益加剧。②GEE存在显著的“倒U型”空间关联性,总体呈“东热西冷”的空间分异特征,“极化-涓滴”效应有所凸显。其中,GEE热点区范围逐渐扩大,呈现零星面状分布向沿海带状蔓延的演进格局,次冷点区范围有所缩小,而次热点区和冷点区变化微弱,空间格局基本稳定。③GEE提升的驱动力全局差异不突出,但局域尺度差异显著。东、中、西部GEE提升的核心驱动力分别是:东部为政府干预、对外开放水平和技术创新水平;中部为能源强度、教育投入和市场化水平;西部为人力资本、能源强度、城市规模、教育投入、技术创新水平、环境规制和互联网普及率。基于此,东、中、西部要因势而谋、因地制宜。东部需激活技术密集型地区的“长板优势”,发挥科技创新的“滚雪球效应”;中西部需挖掘资源禀赋,推进新能源发展,加大科技研发投入,优化配置教育资源;同时,要推进整体信息化建设,强化网络引领。

旅游资源诅咒时空分异及驱动力研究——基于省际面板数据的GWR模型分析

基于2006—2016年我国省际面板数据,利用旅游资源诅咒系数及ESDA分析旅游资源诅咒的时空分异特征,首次运用GWR模型探索其驱动力的空间异质性。结果表明:(1)旅游资源诅咒总体呈"西高东低"空间分布格局,2006—2016年高危区省份逐渐减少,省际差异逐步缩小,均衡发展趋势有所体现。(2)旅游资源诅咒空间关联性与集聚态势逐渐增强,两极分化特征显著。(3)人才规模、交通可达性、城市化水平、服务化水平及经济发展水平是旅游资源诅咒的主要驱动力,具有显著的空间异质性,分别呈"东北高中南低""北高南低""西高东低""北高南低""西部高东北低"空间分布格局。鉴于此,提出优化我国旅游资源开发利用的对策建议。

Visceral hypersensitive rats share common dysbiosis features with irritable bowel syndrome patients

AIM: To evaluate gut microbial dysbiosis in two visceral hypersensitive models in comparison with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) patients and to explore the extent to which these models capture the dysbiosis of IBS patients. METHODS: Visceral hypersensitivity was developed using the maternal separation(MS) rat model and post-inflammatory rat model. The visceral sensitivity of the model groups and control group was evaluated using the abdominal withdraw reflex score and electromyography in response to graded colorectal distention. The 16 S ribosomal RNA gene from fecal samples was pyrosequenced and analyzed. The correlation between dysbiosis in the microbiota and visceral hypersensitivity was calculated. Positive findings were compared to sequencing data from a published human IBS cohort.RESULTS: Dysbiosis triggered by neonatal maternal separation was lasting but not static. Both MS and postinflammatory rat fecal microbiota deviated from that of the control rats to an extent that was larger than the co-housing effect. Two short chain fatty acid producing genera, Fusobacterium and Clostridium XI, were shared by the human IBS cohort and by the maternal separation rats and post-inflammatory rats, respectively, to different extents. Fusobacterium was significantly increased in the MS group, and its abundance positively correlated with the degree of visceral hypersensitivity. Porphyromonadaceae was a protective biomarker for both the rat control group and healthy human controls. CONCLUSION: The dysbiosis MS rat model and the post-inflammatory rat model captured some of the dysbiosis features of IBS patients. Fusobacterium, Clostridium XI and Porphyromonadaceae were identified as targets for future mechanistic research.

基于模糊控制的智能浇灌系统设计

灌溉用水占用水总量的比例较大,提高灌溉用水的利用率可节约大量的水资源。针对目前灌溉系统存在的灌溉用水利用率低、浪费人力和易灌溉过量等缺点,设计了一个智能灌溉系统。该系统将检测到的土壤湿度和设置土壤湿度下限进行比较,若检测值低于设置的下限值则直接灌溉一个灌溉周期,若高于下限值则利用构建的两级双层模糊控制器对灌溉时长进行决策,实现对灌溉用水量的智能控制。仿真结果表明,该系统能够根据作物所处生育期和灌溉时间点是否适宜自动调节灌溉时长,能够较好地满足作物的生长规律,对提高灌溉用水的利用率和作物产量有促进作用。

Combined Laparoscopic Splenectomy and Esophagogastric Devascularization versus Open Splenectomy and Esophagogastric Devascularization for Portal Hypertension due to Liver Cirrhosis

This study was conducted to compare the feasibility,safety and effectiveness of the combined-laparoscopic splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization(C-LSED)with open splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization surgery(OSED)in patients with portal hypertension due to liver cirrhosis.From February 2014 to June 2018,68 patients with portal hypertension were diagnosed as having serious gastroesophageal varices and/or hypersplenism in our center.Thirty patients underwent C-LSED and 38 patients received OSED.Results and outcomes were compared retrospectively.No patients of C-LSED group required an intraoperative conversion to open surgery.Significantly shorter operating time,less blood loss,lower transfusion rates,shorter postoperative hospital stay,lower rates of complications were found in C-LSED group than in C-LSED group(P<0.05).No death and rebleeding were documented in both groups during the follow-up periods of one year Postoperative endoscopy revealed that varices in the patients of both groups were alleviated significantly from severe to mild,and in a part of cases,the varices disappeared.The final results suggest that the C-LSED technique is superior to open procedure,due to slightly invasive,simplified operative procedure,significantly shorter operating time,less intraoperative bleeding and lower post-operative complication rates.And C-LSED offers comparable long-term effects to open surgery.

Simulated Sensitivity of Ozone Generation to Precursors in Beijing during a High O_(3) Episode

This study uses the WRF-Chem model combined with the empirical kinetic modeling method(EKMA curve)to study the compound pollution event in Beijing that happened in 13−23 May 2017.Sensitivity tests are conducted to analyze ozone sensitivity to its precursors,and to develop emission reduction measures.The results suggest that the model can accurately simulate the compound pollution process of photochemistry and haze.When VOCs and NOx were reduced by the same proportion,the effect of O_(3)reduction at peak time was more obvious,and the effect during daytime was more significant than at night.The degree of change in ozone was peak time>daytime average.When reducing or increasing the ratio of precursors by 25%at the same time,the effect of reducing 25%VOCs on the average ozone concentration reduction was most significant.The degree of change in ozone decreased with increasing altitude,the location of the ozone maximum change shifted westward,and its range narrowed.As the altitude increases,the VOCs-limited zone decreases,VOCs sensitivity decreases,NOx sensitivity increases.The controlled area changed from near-surface VOCs-limited to high-altitude NOx-limited.Upon examining the EKMA curve,we have found that suburban and urban are sensitive to VOCs.The sensitivity tests indicate that when VOCs in suburban are reduced about 60%,the O_(3)-1h concentration could reach the standard,and when VOCs of the urban decreased by about 50%,the O_(3)-1h concentration could reach the standard.Thus,these findings could provide references for the control of compound air pollution in Beijing.

International experience of green development in Western China:an overall review of policy and practice

Green development emphasizes co-development between economic and environmental dimensions,and is a peoplecentered sustainable development approach.Western China demands green development,and international experience could provide necessary,unique and important help and support for Western China to achieve its green development goals.This paper has made a comprehensive overall review and analysis of international experience in green development policy and its implementation,in particular,OECD countries'(mostly Australia and Canada) experience have been analyzed following the major policy foci defined by the Task Force on Strategy and Policies on Environment and Development in Western China initiated by China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development(CCICED).Data and information were gathered from the field surveys and investigations,expert meetings,as well as literature review.The main sessions include policy framework and road map establishment,implementation and performance assessment,co-development between economic development and environmental protection,as well as green employment and poverty alleviation.The paper has addressed five policy considerations for the future promotion of green development in Western China.

Solitary hepatic lymphangioma mimicking liver malignancy: A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Hepatic lymphangioma,a malformation of the liver lymphatic system,is a rare benign neoplasm and usually coexists with other visceral lymphangiomas.Solitary hepatic lymphangioma is much more rarely seen and could cause a clinical misinterpretation as malignancy.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old woman with a liver mass of approximately 3.5 cm was initially diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma given the risk factors for liver cancer that she presented with,including Schistosome japonicum infection and jaundice,and also together with imaging results,which showed the mass enhanced quickly in the arterial phase and faded fast in the venous phase.The patient did not have the surgery first but received three rounds of transarterial chemoembolization because of her anxiety and fears for operation.Finally,the patient underwent laparoscopic liver segment 4b resection and cholecystectomy and was discharged from the hospital only 10 d after the operation.The pathological examination indicated the mass as hepatic lymphangioma.The patient has been followed up for 30 mo without recurrence.To raise the awareness of this misdiagnosed case and to better diagnose and treat this rare disease in future,we reviewed the published literature of solitary hepatic lymphangioma for its clinical symptoms,imaging presentation,operative techniques,histology features and prognosis.CONCLUSION Solitary hepatic lymphangioma mimicking malignancy makes diagnosis difficult.Complete surgical resection is the first choice to treat solitary hepatic lymphangioma.

The gut microbiome and metabolome of Himalayan Griffons(Gyps himalayensis):insights into the adaptation to carrion-feeding habits in avian scavengers

Background:Himalayan Griffons(Gyps himalayensis),large scavenging raptors widely distributed in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,have evolved a remarkable ability to feed on carcasses without suffering any adverse effects.The gut microbiome plays an important role in animal physiological and pathological processes,and has also been found to play a health protective role in the vulture adaptation to scavenging.However,the microbial taxonomic diversity(including nonculturable and culturable microbes),functions,and metabolites related to Himalayan Griffons have not been fully explored.Methods:In the present study,the 28 fecal samples of the Himalayan Griffons and 8 carrion samples were collected and sequenced using high-throughput 16 S rRNA gene sequencing methods to analyze the composition and functional structures of the microbiomes.Twelve fecal samples of the Himalayan Griffons were analyzed using untargeted Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy(LC-MS)to identify metabolites.We used different culture conditions to grow Himalayan Griffons gut microbes.Inhibitory effects of gut beneficial bacteria on 5 common pathogenic bacteria were also tested using the Oxford cup method.Results:According to the results of the culture-independent method,a high abundance of four major phyla in Himalayan Griffons were identified,including Fusobacteria,Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,and Proteobacteria.The most abundant genera were Fusobacterium,followed by Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1,Cetobacterium,Epulopiscium,and Bacteroides.The predicted primary functional categories of the Himalayan Griffons'gut microbiome were associated with carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism,replication and repair,and membrane transport.LC-MS metabolomic analysis showed a total of 154 metabolites in all the fecal samples.Cultivation yielded 184 bacterial isolates with Escherichia coli,Enterococcus faecium,Enterococcus hirae,and Paeniclostridium sordellii as most common isolates.Moreover,7 potential beneficial gut bacteria isolated showed certain inhibition to 5 common pathogenic bacteria.Conclusions:Our findings broaden and deepen the understanding of Himalayan Griffons'gut microbiome,and highlighted the importance of gut microbiome-mediated adaptation to scavenging habits.In particular,our results highlighted the protective role of gut beneficial bacteria in the Himalayan Griffons against pathogenic bacteria that appear in rotten food resources.

中国省域旅游业-城市化-生态环境协调发展时空分异及驱动力研究

基于耦合协调度模型、ESDA和GWR模型,以中国31个省域为研究对象,构建旅游业-城市化-生态环境评价指标体系,分析2001~2016年各省域三系统综合发展水平及耦合协调度时空分异规律,探究影响耦合协调度变化的主要驱动力。结果显示:(1)各省域三系统综合发展水平呈"总体递增,局部回落"态势,东南沿海稳步提升,西部地区发展滞后。(2)耦合协调度呈持续上升态势,形成"东高西低"格局,省域差异逐步缩小,均衡发展趋势有所体现。(3)耦合协调度呈正空间自相关,空间关联性渐强,集聚分布态势显著。(4)旅游规模、经济水平、环境倒逼及产业结构是三系统耦合协调发展的主要驱动力。其空间异质性显著,呈"东高西低""西高东低""南高北低""东北高西北低"空间分布格局。