Exceptional reversed yield strength asymmetry in a rare-earth free Mg alloy containing quasicrystal precipitates

This work reports an exceptional reversed yield strength asymmetry at room temperature for a rare-earth free magnesium alloy containing a mass of fine dispersed quasicrystal(I-phase)precipitates.Although exhibiting traditional basal texture,it owns an exceptional CYS/TYS as high as~1.17.Electron back-scattered diffraction(EBSD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)examinations indicate pyramidal and prismatic dislocations plus tensile twinning being activated after immediate yielding in compression while basal and non-basal dislocations in tension.I-phase particles transferred the concentrated stress by self-twinning to provide the driving force for tensile twin initiating in neighboring grains,thereby significantly increasing the critical resolved shear stress of tensile twinning to possibly the level of pyramidal slip,finally leading to the dominance of pyramidal slip plus tensile twinning in texture grains.This results in a higher contribution on yield strength by~55 MPa in compression than in tension,which reasonably agrees with the experimental yield strength difference(~38 MPa).It can be concluded that I-phase particles influence deformation modes in tension and in compression,finally result in reversed yield strength asymmetry.

Multiplex intermetallic phases in a gravity die-cast Mg-6.0Zn-1.5Nd-0.5Zr(wt%) alloy

Components and crystal structures of the intermetallic phases in a gravity die-cast Mg-6.0Zn-1.5Nd-0.5Zr(wt%)alloy were investigated using transmission electron microscopy.The results indicate that this alloy has multiple intermetallic phases and various inner faults.Totally,six eutectoid intermetallic phases,namely W(Mg Nd Zn_(3)),T(Mg_(39)Zn_(55)Nd_(6)),(Mg,Zr)Zn_(2),Z(Mg_(28)Zn_(65)Nd_(7)),H_(2)(Mg_(15)Zn_(70)Nd_(15)),and H1(Mg_(24)Zn_(64)Nd_(11)),were simultaneously observed at grain boundaries,and six precipitates(Z,Mg_(7)Zn_(3),T,Mg_(4)Zn_(7),β_(1)-Mg Zn_(2) and β_(2)-Mg Zn_(2))were found inα-Mg grains.Furthermore,faults like sub-grain boundaries,orientation domains(coherent with the same matching plane but with different orientations),stacking faults and twins were observed in the eutectoid intermetallic phases.Finally,some new orientation relationships between the known intermetallic phases were revealed.This paper can provide new insight into alloy design for Mg-Zn-RE(RE:rare earth)based alloys.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-Sm-Zn-Zr alloys with varying Gd contents

The effect of Gd content on the microstructure and tensile properties of as-cast Mg-Sm-Zn-Zr alloy has been systematically investigated.In the Mg-3Sm-0.5Zn-0.5Zr alloy, the intermetallic compounds with multiple morphologies are identified as Mg_(3)Sm phase. In addition to Mg_(3)RE phase, Mg_(5)RE phase originated from Gd addition is observed in Gd-modified alloys. It should be noted that the lattice parameters of all the observed intermetallic compounds are significantly reduced by Zn segregation. The segregation behavior of Zn in Mg_(3)Sm phase is inhibited to some extent by Gd addition due to the electronegativity difference between Sm/Gd and Zn elements. In addition, the increased Gd content effectively leads to much more accumulation of solute atoms in front of the liquid-solid interface during solidification, which can prominently promote nucleation in liquid region and then refine grains. The tensile yield stress of the present alloys is thus improved with increasing Gd addition. Finally, Gd-modified alloys exhibit significantly age-hardening effect, which can be mainly attributed to the high-volume fraction and high density nano-scale precipitates.

Evaluation of a Regional Ensemble Data Assimilation System for Typhoon Prediction

An ensemble Kalman filter(EnKF) combined with the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model(WRF) is cycled and evaluated for western North Pacific(WNP) typhoons of year 2016. Conventional in situ data, radiance observations, and tropical cyclone(TC) minimum sea level pressure(SLP) are assimilated every 6 h using an 80-member ensemble. For all TC categories, the 6-h ensemble priors from the WRF/EnKF system have an appropriate amount of variance for TC tracks but have insufficient variance for TC intensity. The 6-h ensemble priors from the WRF/EnKF system tend to overestimate the intensity for weak storms but underestimate the intensity for strong storms. The 5-d deterministic forecasts launched from the ensemble mean analyses of WRF/EnKF are compared to the NCEP and ECMWF operational control forecasts. Results show that the WRF/EnKF forecasts generally have larger track errors than the NCEP and ECMWF forecasts for all TC categories because the regional simulation cannot represent the large-scale environment better than the global simulation. The WRF/EnKF forecasts produce smaller intensity errors and biases than the NCEP and ECMWF forecasts for typhoons, but the opposite is true for tropical storms and severe tropical storms. The 5-d ensemble forecasts from the WRF/EnKF system for seven typhoon cases show appropriate variance for TC track and intensity with short forecast lead times but have insufficient spread with long forecast lead times. The WRF/EnKF system provides better ensemble forecasts and higher predictability for TC intensity than the NCEP and ECMWF ensemble forecasts.

Slag formation path during dephosphorization process in a converter

The slag formation path is important for efficient dephosphorization in steelmaking processes. The phosphorus capacity and the melting properties of the slag are critical parameters for optimizing the slag formation path. Regarding these two factors, the phosphorus partition ratio was calculated using the regular solution model （RSM）, whereas the liquidus diagrams of the slag systems were estimated using the FactSage thermodynamic package. A slag formation path that satisfies the different requirements of dephosphorization at different stages of dephosphorization in a converter was thus established through a combination of these two aspects. The composition of the initial slag was considered to be approximately 15wt%CaO-44wt% SiOz-41wt%FeO. During the dephosphorization process, a slag formation path that follows a high-iron route would facilitate efficient dephosphorization. The composition of the final dephosphorization slag should be approximately 53wt%CaO-25.Swt% SiO2-21.5wt%FeO. The composition of the final solid slag after dephosphorization is approximately 63.6wt%CaO-30.3wt%SiO2-6. 1wt%FeO.

An Analysis of the Linguistic Features of The Minister’s Black Veil from the Perspective of Literary Pragmatics

The Minister’s Black Veil is one of the most classic short stories written by American romantic writer Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864),From the perspective of literary pragmatics,this paper analyzes the language features of the novel,such as words and sentences,grammar,semantic ambiguity,rhetoric and conversational implicature based on cooperative principle,so as to explore the superb writing style and literary art of the novel,better understand and appreciate this literary work,and provide a new perspective and reference for the study of British and American literature Direction.

Degraded creep resistance induced by static precipitation strengthening in high-pressure die casting Mg-Al-Sm alloy

Relationship between precipitation strengthening and creep resistance improvement has been an impor-tant topic for the widespread applications of magnesium alloys.Generally,static precipitation strength-ening through thermal stable precipitates would generate satisfactory creep resistance.However,an op-posite example is presented in this work and we propose that the size of precipitates plays a crucial role in controlling the operative creep mechanisms.In addition,the precipitate components along with their crystal structures in the crept Mg-4Al-3Sm-0.4Mn samples with/without pre-aging were thor-oughly studied using Cs aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission elec-tron microscopy(HAADF-STEM).Previous aging generates a large density of fine precipitates(<~5 nm)homogeneously distributing in Mg matrix and exhibiting satisfactory strengthening effect.However,the number density of precipitate strings consisting of several or even dozens of relatively coarse precipitates(~10 nm)was significantly decreased at the same time.As revealed in this work,the relatively coarse particles in Mg matrix are much more efficient than the fine precipitates in promoting dislocation climb.Therefore,the rate-controlling mechanisms are transferred from dislocation climb to dislocation slip after previous aging,thus leading to degradation of creep resistance.Moreover,there are mainly five types of precipitates/clusters,namelyβ"-(Al,Mg)3Sm,Al5Sm3,ordered Al-Sm cluster,ordered Al-Mn cluster and ordered/unordered AlMnSm clusters.The crystal structures of the former two precipitates were discussed and the formation mechanisms of the precipitates/clusters were revealed.

Lath-like phases formed at an extremely high temperature in a Mg-RE(RE=rare earth)-Al alloy

Thermal stable intermetallic particles are important for the heat resistance of magnesium(Mg)alloys.In this work,many lath-like particles formed in α-Mg grains of a Mg-8Gd-3Sm-0.7Al casting alloy when heat-treated at 873 K.Atomic-resolution high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM) characterizations indicate that most of them are Mg-containing Al_(2)(Gd,Sm),with the atomic ratio of Mg:Al:(Gd,Sm) being ~1:1:1;a small part of them with relatively wider thickness are long-period stacking ordered(LPSO) phases simultaneously containing both 14H and 18R structures.Both followed common orientation relationships with Mg matrix as those reported in previous work.In addition,many Mg laths were observed in the primary blocky Al_(2)(Gd,Sm) phase at grain boundaries,where the atomic ratio of Al:(Gd,Sm) in the Al_(2)(Gd,Sm) matrix was 2:1.Finally,density functional theory(DFT) calculations illustrated the detail structure of the re-constructed Mg/Al_(2)RE interface and simultaneously deduced the underlying reason for the re-dissolution of the newly formed Mg-containing Al_(2)(Gd,Sm) plates in α-Mg matrix.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of a commercial Mg-Al-Zn-Mn alloy with various hot-extrusion processes

Mg-Al-Zn-Mn(AZ)system alloys have become widely used due to their good castability,excellent formability and outstanding corrosion resistance[1-6].However,their strength is still much lower than that of traditional Mg-RE(rare earth)based alloys or even some new Mg-Li basedalloys[7-19].

A preliminary study of the mechanism of compound hearing loss caused by ototoxic drugs combined with impulse noise

Background:Hearing loss(HL)is becoming increasingly common and is more commonly caused by noise,ototoxic substances,or a combination of ototoxic factors.However,so far,few studies have examined the mechanism by which compound factors cause HL.The only relevant study is about occupational ototoxic substances combined with environmental noise at 85-110 dB SPL.In this study,to address the shortcomings of existing research,we innovatively focused on HL induced by loud noise(impulse noise,>160 dB SPL)combined with common ototoxic drugs.The aim of this study was to establish and validate a mature animal model,and then to compare the characteristics of audiology,pathomorphology and molecular features,and to preliminarily predict pathogenesis in compound HL.Materials and Methods:We selected guinea pigs to construct in vivo HL model groups for different extents of exposure,including a blank control group,a single-drug group,a single-impulse noise group,and a compound group.The animal model of the mature compound HL group was established using gentamicin combined with impulse noise.We then performed audio-logical and pathological verification.We analyzed the auditory brainstem response(ABR),pathological morphology of the cochlea,and molecules(including important self-radicals,cytokines,and apoptosis signal trans-duction pathway proteins in the pathogenesis of drug-and noise-induced HL),compared the effect of different extents of exposure on HL,and preliminarily predict the pathogenic mechanism of compound HL.Results:Four groups of animal models were established successfully and verified by audiology and pathology.Regarding audiology,there were no sig-nificant differences in the ABR thresholds before exposure(p>0.05),but differences emerged among the groups after exposure.Notably,after 3,7,and 14 days of exposure,there were significant differences in the ABR thresholds between the compound group and both the drug and noise groups(p<0.01),and after 14 days,the HL of the compound group was much more severe(greater than the linear sum of single-factor HL group).Regarding the patho-morphology,compared with the control group,the cochleae were damaged to different degrees in the factor exposure groups.The drug group had the least severe HL,the noise group had serious HL(p<0.05),and the compound group had the most severe HL(p<0.01).The compound group's damage was greater than the linear sum of the single-factor group in many ways,such as the loss and damage of hair cells and cilia,disturbed morphology and arrangement of hair cells,protein metabolism,cell function,and structural defects on the epidermal plate(p<0.01).From a molecular perspective,the trend was similar to pathology and audiology,and the synergistic effect of ototoxic drugs and impulse noise significantly increased cytokine levels(IL-6,ICAM-1,8-OHDG,IL-1,and TNF-α),free radicals Malondialdehyde([MDA],▪OH,LPO,O•2ˉ),and the apoptosis signal transduction pathway protein.There were significant differences between the compound group and single-factor groups(p<0.05).Conclusion:Gentamicin,impulse noise,and compound factors were used to induce HL in animal models,which were verified by audiology and pathology,laying a foundation for future studies.After constructing the animal models,we found that 50 mg/kg of gentamicin for 10 days was a subinjury dose,and 50�impulse noise caused partial HL,but the two factors combined had a significant synergistic ototoxicity effect,which increased the level of oxidative stress and the waterfall response of inflammatory cytokines in the cochleae and enhanced the expression of apoptosis-related proteins,resulting in syn-ergistic pathomorphological and audiological injury.We preliminarily analyzed the pathogenic mechanism of compound HL,establishing the basis for further study of the mechanism,prevention,and treatment of this increasing global problem.

Somatic mutation contributing to clonal haematopoiesis is a risk factor of recurrent stroke in first-ever acute ischaemic stroke:a prospective cohort study

Background Somatic mutation contributes to clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential(CHIP)is related to age and associated with a higher risk of stroke and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Here,we investigated the prognostic significance of CHIP in a large first-ever acute ischaemic stroke(AIS)cohort and explored the underlying mechanisms.Methods We studied a prospective cohort of 6016 patients who had a first-ever AIS in China.Whole-genome sequencing was performed to identify CHIP.High-sensitivity C reactive protein(hs-CRP)levels above 3 mg/L at baseline were defined as hyperinflammation.Recurrent stroke during the 3-month follow-up was the primary outcome.Results Among the 6016 patients who had a first-ever AIS,with a median age was 62 years(IQR,54.0‒70.0),3.70%were identified as CHIP carriers.The most common mutations occurred in the DNMT3A(30.0%)and TET2(11.4%)genes.During a follow-up of 3 months,the presence of CHIP was associated with recurrent stroke(HR 1.62,95%CI 1.04 to 2.51,p=0.03),recurrent ischaemic stroke(HR 1.64,95%CI 1.04 to 2.58,p=0.03)and combined vascular events(HR 1.58,95%CI 1.02 to 2.44,p=0.04)after adjusting for hsCRP levels at baseline in patients who had a first-ever AIS.Subgroup analysis demonstrated that CHIP was only associated with recurrent stroke when patients under hyperinflammation(OR 3.10,95%CI 1.92 to 5.00,p<0.001)but not in those without hyperinflammation(OR 0.18,95%CI 0.03 to 1.04,p=0.06,Pinteraction=0.002).Conclusion Our results suggest that somatic mutations contributing to CHIP increase the risk of short-term recurrent stroke in patients who had a first-ever AIS.Hyperinflammation may be important in the relationship between CHIP and recurrent stroke.

Uncovering the prominent role of satellite cells in paravertebral muscle development and aging by single-nucleus RNA sequencing

To uncover the role of satellite cells(SCs)in paravertebral muscle development and aging,we constructed a single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of mouse paravertebral muscle across seven timepoints spanning the embryo(day 16.5)to old(month 24)stages.Eight cell types,including SCs,fast muscle cells,and slow muscle cells,were identified.An energy metabolism-related gene set,TCA CYCLE IN SENESCENCE,was enriched in SCs.Forty-two skeletal muscle disease-related genes were highly expressed in SCs and exhibited similar expression patterns.Among them,Pdha1 was the core gene in the TCA CYCLE IN SENESCENCE;Pgam2,Sod1,and Suclg1 are transcription factors closely associated with skeletal muscle energy metabolism.Transcription factor enrichment analysis of the 42 genes revealed that Myod1 and Mef2a were also highly expressed in SCs,which regulated Pdha1 expression and were associated with skeletal muscle development.These findings hint that energy metabolism may be pivotal in SCs development and aging.Three ligand-receptor pairs of extracellular matrix(ECM)-receptor interactions,Lamc1-Dag1,Lama2-Dag1,and Hspg2-Dag1,may play a vital role in SCs interactions with slow/fast muscle cells and SCs self-renewal.Finally,we built the first database of a skeletal muscle single-cell transcriptome,the Musculoskeletal Cell Atlas(http://www.mskca.tech),which lists 630,040 skeletal muscle cells and provides interactive visualization,a useful resource for revealing skeletal muscle cellular heterogeneity during development and aging.Our study could provide new targets and ideas for developing drugs to inhibit skeletal muscle aging and treat skeletal muscle diseases.

Microstructures and tensile properties of Mg-Zn-(Gd)-Zr alloys extruded at various temperatures

The microstructures and tensile properties of Mg-6.0 Zn-0.6 Zr(ZK60) and ZK60 + 1.8 Gd(ZEK620(RE = Gd)) alloys extruded at 290, 305, 320, 340 and360 ℃ were investigated. The results indicate that Gd addition can refine the microstructures of ZK60 alloy and the extrusion parameters such as the extrusion temperature will influence the tensile properties of both as-extruded ZK60 and ZEK620 alloys, although it is much slighter for ZK60 alloy. And the sensitivity is closely related to the textures developed during extrusion. In addition, Gd addition will also clearly improve the tensile strength at room temperature(24 ℃) and particularly at high temperatures(150 and 200 ℃), due to the much finer grains and smaller intermetallic particles. The highest strength is achieved in the as-extruded ZEK620 alloy with extrusion temperature of 320 ℃, with ultimate tensile strength(UTS) and tensile yield strength(TYS) of 405 and375 MPa, respectively, which are improved by approximately 9% and 11% than those of the as-extruded ZK60 alloy which owns the highest strength at extrusion temperature of 290 ℃.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Zn–(Nd)–Zr alloys with different extrusion processes

The effect of Nd addition and the influence of extrusion processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-0.5Zr（ZK60） and Mg-6Zn-1.5Nd-0.5Zr（ZKNd602） alloys were investigated. Nd element can obviously refine the microstructure of both as-cast and asextruded Mg-Zn-Nd-Zr alloy. All of the extruded alloys exhibit a bimodal grain structure composed of equiaxedfine recrystallized（DRXed） grains and elongated coarse un DRXed grains. It is necessary to achieve high strength,particularly the yield strength, for ZKNd602 alloy, when it is extruded with a lower extrusion temperature, a suitable extrusion ratio and a relatively lower extrusion ram speed. In this study, the ultimate tensile strength（UTS）,yield strength（YS） and elongation（El） of the extruded ZKNd602 alloy were 421 MPa, 402 MPa and 6.7 %,respectively, with extrusion temperature of 290 °C, extrusion ratio of 18：1 and a ram speed of approximate0.4 mm·s^（-1）. Meanwhile, the extrusion process has obvious effects on the room-temperature properties but weak effects on the high-temperature properties.

Single-cell brain atlas of Parkinson's disease mouse model

Parkinson's disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disease,leading to the impairment of movement execution.PD pathogenesis has been largely investigated,either limited to bulk transcriptomic levels or at certain cell types,which failed to capture the cellular heterogeneity and intrinsic interplays among distinct cell types.Here,we report the application of single-nucleus RNA-seq on midbrain,striatum,and cerebellum of theα-syn-A53 T mouse,a well-established PD mouse model,and matched controls,generating the first single cell transcriptomic atlas for the PD model mouse brain composed of 46,174 individual cells.Additionally,we comprehensively depicte the dysfunctions in PD pathology,covering the elevation of NF-k B activity,the alteration of ion channel components,the perturbation of protein homeostasis network,and the dysregulation of glutamatergic signaling.Notably,we identify a variety of cell types closely associated with PD risk genes.Taken together,our study provides valuable resources to systematically dissect the molecular mechanism of PD pathogenesis at the single-cell resolution,which facilitates the development of novel approaches for diagnosis and therapies against PD.

Ultrafast optical nonlinearity of blue-emitting perovskite nanocrystals

Perovskite nanocrystals （NCs） have strong nonlinear optical responses with a number of potential applications, ranging from upconverted blue-lasing to the tagging of specific cellular components in multicolor fluorescence microscopy. Here, we determine the one-photon linear absorption cross section of two kinds of blue-emitting perovskite NCs, i.e., CsPbCl3 and CsPb（C10.53Br0.47）3, by utilizing femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The wavelength-dependent nonlinear refraction and two-photon absorption have been measured at wavelengths from 620 to 720 nm by performing Z-scan measurements. The nonlinear optical responses of CsPb（C10.53Br0.47）3 are much more pronounced than those of CsPbCl3 due to the larger structural destahilization of the former.

Linear and nonlinear photophysical properties of ZnSe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell typeⅡnanocrystals

In this work,one kind of typeⅡZnSe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell nanocrystals(NCs)is synthesized,and their linear and nonlinear photophysical properties are investigated.Through measurements of the temperaturedependent photoluminescence spectra of NCs,their excitonic properties,including the coefficient of the bandgap change,coupling strength of the exciton acoustic phonons,exciton longitudinal optical(LO)phonons,and LO–phonon energy are revealed.Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy was employed to obtain insight into ultrafast processes occurring at the interface of ZnSe and CdS,such as those involving the injection of photoinduced electrons into the CdS shell,interfacial state bleaching,and charge separation time.At the end,their multiphoton absorption spectra were determined by using the z-scan technique,which yielded a maximum twophoton absorption cross section of 3717 GM at 820 nm and three-photon absorption cross section up to 3.9×10^-77cm^6·s^2·photon^-2at 1220 nm,respectively.The photophysical properties presented here may be important for exploiting their relevant applications in optoelectronic devices and deep-tissue bioimaging.

Single-cell atlas of domestic pig cerebral cortex and hypothalamus

The brain of the domestic pig(Sus scrofa domesticus)has drawn considerable attention due to its high similarities to that of humans.However,the cellular compositions of the pig brain(PB)remain elusive.Here we investigated the single-nucleus transcriptomic profiles of five regions of the PB(frontal lobe,parietal lobe,temporal lobe,occipital lobe,and hypothalamus)and identified 21 cell subpopulations.The cross-species comparison of mouse and pig hypothalamus revealed the shared and specific gene expression patterns at the single-cell resolution.Furthermore,we identified cell types and molecular pathways closely associated with neurological disorders,bridging the gap between gene mutations and pathogenesis.We reported,to our knowledge,the first single-cell atlas of domestic pig cerebral cortex and hypothalamus combined with a comprehensive analysis across species,providing extensive resources for future research regarding neural science,evolutionary developmental biology,and regenerative medicine.

Screening for musculoskeletal system malformations and birth injuries in newborns:Results of a screening program in two hospitals in Shenzen,China

Importance:There are a variety of musculoskeletal malformations and injuries that can occur in newborns.These can be a significant cause of perinatal death or a reason for miscarriage and can lead to long-term functional issues if not managed appropriately.There is no systematic and well-established screening program for neonatal musculoskeletal malformations and injuries in China now.Objective:To report the incidence and types of congenital musculoskeletal malformations in two hospitals in Shenzhen City,to explore and discuss the details of the screening procedure and improve future prevention and treatment.Methods:From October 2013 to May 2014,2564 one-day-old newborns were screened by a pediatric orthopedic physical examination,in combination with ultrasonography when required,and the incidence and variety of diseases were recorded statistically.Results:Among 2564 screened newborns,the following musculoskeletal conditions were identified:congenital muscular torticollis(CMT)(seven cases,0.27%),hip subluxation(four cases,0.16%),hip dysplasia(47 cases,1.83%),congenital talipes equinovarus(CTEV)(two cases,0.08%),congenital talipes calcaneovalgus(15 cases,0.58%),polydactyly(nine cases,0.35%),syndactyly(one case,0.04%),and spinal hemivertebra(one case,0.04%).Additionally,there were five(0.19%)neonates with birth injuries.Interpretation:It is feasible to carry out neonatal screening and identification of musculoskeletal malformations and birth injuries in China.This is helpful as timely detection and early intervention for many of these conditions can avoid permanent functional impairment in these children.

Interfacial precipitation in{1012}twin boundaries of a Mg-Gd-Zn-Zr alloy

Twinning and precipitation play important roles in deformation and strengthening of magnesium alloys.In this work,interfacial precipitation in{1012}twin boundaries(TBs)of a cold-stamped Mg-12Gd-1.2Zn-0.4Zr alloy was investigated using atomic-resolution high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy.Extended periodic segregation of Gd+Zn atoms in the~86.2°{1012}TBs with basal-prismatic facets and in the symmetric tilting TBs(obviously>86.2°)frequently occurred,resulted in the formation of new interfacial phases,namelyβ_(TB)’having a monoclinic structure in the TBs with two segregation layers andβ_(TB) having a tetragonal structure in the TBs with three or more segregation layers.The formation ofβ_(TB) clearly accelerates peak-aging and improves the alloy’s strength.