基于肠-免疫-皮肤轴研究犀角地黄汤对银屑病小鼠肠道Th17/Treg失衡的影响

目的:探讨犀角地黄汤对银屑病模型小鼠肠道Th17/Treg失衡的影响。方法:将30只BALB/c小鼠在造模成功后随机分为模型组、中药低浓度组、中药中浓度组、中药高浓度组、空白对照组各6只。除空白组外,其余4组均采用背部涂抹5%咪喹莫特乳膏42mg(四川明欣药业有限责任公司,批号110206)建立银屑病模型。模型组与空白对照组每日予以相同剂量的蒸馏水;犀角地黄汤低、中、高浓度分别对应中药治疗的低、中、高三组,浓度为80mg/mL、160mg/mL、320mg/mL,每只小鼠按照0.1mL/10g体重的体积灌胃。1次/d,连续2周。观察银屑病样皮损面积和严重程度PASI评分、小鼠肠系膜淋巴结中IL-23、IL-17及TNF-α细胞因子水平、小鼠粪便中肠球菌、肠杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌等4种菌在治疗前后的表达情况。结果:与模型组相比,小鼠PASI评分降低,IL-23、IL-17及TNF-α的水平降低,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义;模型组小鼠相对于空白组乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌数目减少,肠球菌及肠杆菌数增多;犀角地黄各剂量组乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌数明显少于模型组(P<0.05),肠球菌、肠杆菌数明显多于模型组(P<0.05)。结论:犀角地黄汤可以降低银屑病小鼠肠系膜中IL-23、IL-17及TNF-α的水平,改善小鼠皮损的炎症反应及肠道菌群结构。

绝经后2型糖尿病患者新骨骼肌肉减少指数与骨密度的关系

背景:2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松的患病率逐年增加,骨质疏松的早期预防、早期发现及早期治疗被认为在绝经后2型糖尿病患者中至关重要。目的:探讨绝经后2型糖尿病患者新骨骼肌肉减少指数与骨密度及骨质疏松的相关性。方法:选择2021年1月至2022年3月广州中医药大学第一附属医院收治的绝经后2型糖尿病住院患者,根据是否合并骨质疏松分为骨质疏松组(93例)和非骨质疏松组(121例)。收集患者一般资料及骨密度信息、血常规、糖代谢、脂代谢、肾功能指标等,计算得到新骨骼肌肉减少指数。多因素线性回归分析各临床指标和腰椎、左侧股骨颈和左侧髋部骨密度的相关性,多因素logistic回归分析绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨质疏松的危险因素,受试者工作特征曲线分析新骨骼肌肉减少指数、胱抑素C、肌酐/胱抑素C对绝经后2型糖尿病患者合并骨质疏松的预测效能。结果与结论:①骨质疏松组患者新骨骼肌肉减少指数、胱抑素C、肌酐/胱抑素C均低于非骨质疏松组(P<0.05);②调整协变量后的多因素线性回归显示,肌酐/胱抑素C、新骨骼肌肉减少指数与腰椎、股骨颈及髋部骨密度呈显著正相关(β肌酐/胱抑素C=0.003,0.001,0.002,P<0.05;β新骨骼肌肉减少指数=0.002,0.001,0.002,P<0.05),胱抑素C与腰椎骨密度存在正相关(β胱抑素C=0.09,P<0.05);③调整协变量后的多因素logistics回归显示胱抑素C、肌酐/胱抑素C、新骨骼肌肉减少指数是绝经后糖尿病患者患骨质疏松的保护因素(OR=0.149,0.957,0.941,P<0.05);④新骨骼肌肉减少指数预测绝经后2型糖尿病患者出现骨质疏松的受试者工作特征曲线下面积最大(曲线下面积=0.756),灵敏度为67.8%,特异性为72.0%;⑤提示肾功能和骨骼健康存在内在联系,新骨骼肌肉减少指数升高与绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨密度升高存在相关性,绝经后2型糖尿病患者通过新骨骼肌肉减少指数可及时预测骨质疏松的发生风险。

油橄榄果渣类膳食纤维功能研究进展

果渣类膳食纤维在预防肥胖、改善肠道功能、消除外来有害物质、减少心血管疾病和防止便秘等方面具有重要的生理功能。其中油橄榄果渣富含多种膳食纤维,具备较好的利用价值。综述了膳食纤维的功能特性,旨在为油橄榄果渣膳食纤维的利用和开发提供参考。

基于“消”“托”“补”三法的银屑病中医治疗研究进展

银屑病是一种免疫介导的慢性复发性炎症性系统性疾病,全球发病率为1%~3%,且病程迁延不愈,严重影响患者的生活质量。目前西医缺乏有效根治此病的方法。祖国医学在银屑病治疗中发挥着重要作用,具有独特优势。“消”“托”“补”三法为中医外科疾病内治法的三个总则,适用于疮疡及各类皮肤疾病。近年来诸多临床医家在从血论治银屑病的基础上,提出了解表、清热、祛痰、温阳、行气、和营、补益等治法,可收获良效。文章通过查阅祖国古医籍以及近20年临床相关文献,对中医外科“消”“托”“补”三法在银屑病中的应用进行阐述,以期为银屑病的诊治及研究提供新思路。

关于多发性硬化症拟线性趋化模型解的全局有界性

研究一类拟线性抛物-抛物-常微分方程的多发性硬化症趋化模型.在合适的参数假设下,证明了该模型经典解的全局有界性.

PbrChiA:a key chitinase of pear in response to Botryosphaeria dothidea infection by interacting with PbrLYK1b2 and down-regulating ROS accumulation

Pear ring rot,caused by the pathogenic fungi Botryosphaeria dothidea,seriously affects pear production.While the infection-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)burst of infected plants limits the proliferation of B.dothidea during the early infection stage,high ROS levels can also contribute to their growth during the later necrotrophic infection stage.Therefore,it is important to understand how plants balance ROS levels and resistance to pathogenic B.dothidea during the later stage.In this study,we identified PbrChiA,a glycosyl hydrolases 18(GH18)chitinase-encoding gene with high infection-induced expression,through a comparative transcriptome analysis.Artificial substitution,stable overexpression,and virus induced gene silencing(VIGS)experiments demonstrated that PbrChiA can positively regulate pear resistance as a secreted chitinase to break down B.dothidea mycelium in vitro and that overexpression of PbrChiA suppressed infection-induced ROS accumulation.Further analysis revealed that PbrChiA can bind to the ectodomain of PbrLYK1b2,and this interaction suppressed PbrLYK1b2-mediated chitin-induced ROS accumulation.Collectively,we propose that the combination of higher antifungal activity from abundant PbrChiA and lower ROS levels during later necrotrophic infection stage confer resistance of pear against B.dothidea.

Evaluating Reflected GPS Signal as a Potential Tool for Cotton Irrigation Scheduling

Accurate soil moisture content measurements are vital to precision irrigation management. Remote sensing using the microwave spectrum (such as GPS signals) has been used for measuring large area soil moisture contents. In our previous work, we estimated surface soil moisture contents for bare soil using a GPS Delay Mapping Receiver (DMR) developed by NASA. However, the effect of vegetation was not considered in these studies. Hence the objectives of this study were to: 1) investigate the feasibility of using DMR to determine soil moisture content in cotton production fields;2) evaluate the attenuation effect of vegetation (cotton) on reflected GPS signal. Field experiments were conducted during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons in South Carolina. GPS antennas were mounted at three heights (1.6, 2.7, and 4.2 m) over cotton fields to measure reflected GPS signals (DMR readings). DMR readings, soil core samples, and plant measurements were collected about once a week and attenuation effect of plant canopy was calculated. Results showed that DMR was able to detect soil moisture changes within one week after precipitation events that were larger than 25 mm per day. However, the DMR readings were poorly correlated with soil volumetric water content during dry periods. Attenuation effect of plant canopy was not significant. For irrigation purpose, the results suggested that the sensitivity of reflected GPS signals to soil moisture changes needed to be further studied before this technology could be utilized for irrigation scheduling in cotton production. Refinement of this technology will expand the use of advanced remote sensing technology for site-specific and timely irrigation scheduling. This would eliminate the need to install moisture sensors in production fields, which can interfere with farming operations and increase production costs.

一类偏序线性代数上的Freudenthal谱定理

利用一类特殊的偏序线性代数上的极大投影的概念,讨论了其上的Freudenthal谱定理,不同于以往的方法,仅仅使用了偏序和Dedekindσ完备的基本概念.最后,给出了一个偏序线性代数的例子,它不是格,但是Freudenthal谱定理依然成立.

具有非线性扩散的趋化模型弱解的有界性

研究间接信号产出的非线性扩散趋化聚集模型,并给出具有非负且适当光滑的初值条件和相应的扩散系数.通过能量估计方法,证明生物趋化模型弱解的全局有界性及唯一性.

梅花针叩刺联合直针刺治疗斑秃的临床观察

目的探讨梅花针叩刺联合直刺法治疗斑秃患者的临床疗效。方法收集斑秃病例62例,随机分为2组。其中观察组、对照组各31例,分别予以梅花针叩刺联合直针刺治疗、5%的米诺地尔酊外用。2组分别治疗8周,比较2组治疗前后的SALT、DLQI评分,并检测2组T淋巴细胞亚群水平变化。结果治疗8周后,观察组、对照组总有效率分别为84.00%、68.00%,2组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组SALT评分、DLQI评分均较治疗前有所下降,且观察组下降更明显,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗8周后2组CD_(3)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)、CD_(8)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)水平有所升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论梅花针叩刺联合直针刺治疗斑秃可有效改善患者免疫功能,减轻患者症状,促进头发生长、改善患者生活质量。

带有指数型非线性项的离散泊松方程和热方程

该文主要利用单调迭代法和比较原理研究了带有指数型非线性项的离散泊松方程和带有指数型非线项的离散热方程解的存在性之间的关系,主要给出了带有指数型非线性项的离散泊松方程解存在时,带有指数型非线项的离散热方程解的渐近稳定性.

Unbiased subgenome evolution following a recent whole-genome duplication in pear(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)

Genome fractionation(also known as diploidization)frequently occurs following paleopolyploidization events.Biased fractionation between subgenomes has been found in some paleo-allopolyploids,while this phenomenon is absent in paleo-autopolyploids.Pear(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)experienced a recent whole-genome duplication(WGD,~30 million years ago);however,the evolutionary fate of the two subgenomes derived from this WGD event is not clear.In this study,we identified the two paleo-subgenomes in pear using peach(Prunus persica)as an outgroup and investigated differences in the gene loss rate,evolutionary rate,gene expression level,and DNA methylation level between these two subgenomes.Fractionation bias was not found between the two pear subgenomes,which evolved at similar evolutionary rates.The DNA methylation level of the two subgenomes showed little bias,and we found no expression dominance between the subgenomes.However,we found that singleton genes and homeologous genes within each subgenome showed divergent evolutionary patterns of selective constraints,expression and epigenetic modification.These results provide insights into subgenome evolution following paleopolyploidization in pear.

Development of a Low-Cost Internet-of-Things (IoT) System for Monitoring Soil Water Potential Using Watermark 200SS Sensors

Soil moisture monitoring is one of the methods that farmers can use for irrigation scheduling. Many sensor types and data logging systems have been developed for this purpose over the years, but their widespread adoption in practical irrigation scheduling is still limited due to a variety of factors. Important factors limiting adoption of soil moisture sensing technology by farmers include high cost and difficulties in timely data collection and interpretation. Recent developments in open source microcontrollers (such as Arduino), wireless communication, and Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies offer opportunities for reducing cost and facilitating timely data collection, visualization, and interpretation for farmers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop and test a low-cost IoT system for soil moisture monitoring using Watermark 200SS sensors. The system uses Arduino-based microcontrollers and data from the field sensors (End Nodes) are communicated wirelessly using LoRa radios to a receiver (Coordinator), which connects to the Internet via WiFi and sends the data to an open-source website (ThingSpeak.com) where the data can be visualized and further analyzed using Matlab. The system was successfully tested under field conditions by installing Watermark sensors at four depths in a wheat field. The system described here could contribute to widespread adoption of easy-to-use and affordable moisture sensing technologies among farmers.

Underground location algorithm based on random forest and environmental factor compensation

Aiming at the poor location accuracy caused by the harsh and complex underground environment,long strip roadway,limited wireless transmission and sparse anchor nodes,an underground location algorithm based on random forest and compensation for environmental factors was proposed.Firstly,the underground wireless access point(AP)network model and tunnel environment were analyzed,and the fingerprint location algorithm was built.And then the Received Signal Strength(RSS)was analyzed by Kalman Filter algorithm in the offline sampling and real-time positioning stage.Meanwhile,the target speed constraint condition was introduced to reduce the error caused by environmental factors.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm solves the problem of insufficient location accuracy and large fluctuation affected by environment when the anchor nodes are sparse.At the same time,the average location accuracy reaches three meters,which can satisfy the application of underground rescue,activity track playback,disaster monitoring and positioning.It has high application value in complex underground environment.

间接信号吸收的趋化模型解的全局有界性

考虑具有间接信号吸收的高维拟线性趋化增长模型ut=∇·(D(u)∇u)-∇·(S(u)∇v)+μ(u-u2),(x,t)∈Ω×(0,T),vt=Δv-vw,(x,t)∈Ω×(0,T),wt=-w+u,(x,t)∈Ω×(0,T),􀆟u􀆟ν=􀆟v􀆟ν=0,(x,t)∈Ω×(0,T),u(x,0)=u0(x),v(x,0)=v0(x),w(x,0)=w0(x),x∈Ω,其中Ω⊂Rn(n≥3)是一个有界区域且具有光滑边界,μ>0,非线性扩散系数D(u)和趋化敏感系数S(u)满足D(u)≥u^(m-1),S(u)≤u^(q-1)且D(·),S(·)∈C^(1+l)[0,∞),l>0.利用能量方法和半群理论证明了:当m>max{1,2q-3}时,该生物趋化模型的解全局有界.

Relationship of Soil Moisture and Reflected GPS Signal Strength

Many agricultural fields across the country have a high degree of variability in soil type and water holding capacity that affects irrigation management. One way to overcome problems associated with the field variability for improving irrigation management is to utilize a site-specific irrigation system. This system applies water to match the needs of individual management zones within a field. A real-time continuous soil moisture measurement is essential for the success of site-specific irrigation systems. Recently the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) developed sensor technology that records the global positioning system (GPS) signal reflected from the surface of Earth, which estimates the dielectric properties of soil and can be used to estimate soil moisture contents. The overall objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of utilizing GPS-based technology developed by NASA for soil moisture measurements and to determine the influence of soil type, soil compaction, and ground cover on the measurements. The results showed strong positive correlations between soil moisture and reflected signals. Other factors (soil compaction and soil type), were not significantly related to reflectivity and did not significantly change the relationship between reflectivity and soil moisture contents. In addition, ground cover (rye crop) did not significantly reduce reflectivity. Therefore, this system could be used as a real-time and continuous nonintrusive soil moisture sensor for site-specific irrigation scheduling and watershed management.

Evaluating the Effect of Soil Texture on the Response of Three Types of Sensors Used to Monitor Soil Water Status

Accurate monitoring of soil water status can be an important component of precision irrigation water management. A variety of commercial sensors measure soil water status by relating sensor electrical output to soil water content or soil water potential. However, sensor electrical output can also be affected by soil characteristics other than water content, such as soil texture, salinity, and temperature. This makes it difficult to accurately measure and interpret soil water status without prior on-site calibration. In this study, we investigated the impact of soil texture on the response of three types of sensors commonly used to monitor soil water status, including the Decagon EC-5, the Vegetronix VH400, and the Watermark 200ss granular matrix sensor. A replicated laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of these types of sensors using four major soil textural classes commonly found in South Carolina. We found that the three types of sensors had a significant response to changes in soil water content, but while the EC-5 and VH400 sensors had a linear response, the Watermark 200ss had a curvilinear response that was explained by an exponential decay function. The response of the three sensor types, however, was significantly affected by soil texture, which will significantly affect the trigger point used to initiate irrigation based on the output from these sensors. Therefore, it is suggested that guidelines on how to use these sensors for local soils need to be developed and made available to farmers, so that they can make better irrigation scheduling decisions.

Generation of a Plasma Waveguide with Slow-Wave Structure

Using the particle-in-cell simulations,we report an efficient scheme to generate a slow wave structure in the electron density of a plasma waveguide,based on the array laser-plasma interaction.The spatial distribution of the electron density of the plasma waveguide is modulated via effective control of the super-Gaussian index and array pattern code of the lasers.A complete overview of the holding time,and the bearable laser’s intensity of the electron density structure of the plasma waveguide,is obtained.In addition,the holding time of the slow wave structure of the plasma waveguide is also controlled by adjusting the frequency of the array laser beam.Finally,effects due to ion motion are discussed in detail.

Programmable electron density patterns induced by the interaction of an array laser and underdense plasma

The spatially modulated electron distribution of plasma is the basis for obtaining programmable electron density patterns.It has an important influence on plasma technology applications.We propose an efficient scheme to realize controllable electron density patterns in underdense plasma based on the array laser-plasma interaction.Theoretical evidence for the realization of programmable electron density patterns and the corresponding electrostatic field is provided analytically,which is confirmed by particle-in-cell simulations.Results show that the spatial distribution of electron density in the propagation and transverse directions of the laser can be highly modulated to obtain rich programmable electron density patterns by adjusting the array pattern code and pulse width of the array laser beam.

Effects of Turfgrass Thatch on Water Infiltration, Surface Runoff, and Evaporation

The development of a (layer of) thatch in turfgrass causes important changes to near-surface eco-hydrological processes. In this study, we investigated the effects of turfgrass thatch, specifically Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) on water infiltration, surface runoff, and soil moisture evaporation. The thatches were collected from the field for controlled experiments using packed soil columns under various rainfall conditions. Results indicated that the presence of thatch delayed the onset of infiltration compared with situations without a thatch at the soil surface. Infiltration was delayed for a longer period in thicker red fescue thatch than thinner Kentucky bluegrass thatch. The presence of a thatch reduced runoff by holding more water locally during the rainfall period and allowing a longer period of time for infiltration. Additionally, evaporative water loss was reduced with the presence of thatch than that of bare soil. Our results highlight that the presence of thatch changes the near-surface hydrological processes, which may help improve turf management practices in terms of thatch control and irrigation scheduling.