Living environment shaped residents’willingness to pay for ecosystem services in Yangtze River Middle Reaches Megalopolis,China

Profound understanding on the diversity of local residents’willingness to pay(WTP)for ecosystem services(ESs)may aid evaluation of policy impacts by uncovering trade-offs and synergies for achieving sustainable environmental resource management.However,the reasons for the spatial preference heterogeneity of WTP are still unclear.In this study,an extensive survey with 4,580 residents in the Yangtze River Middle Reaches Megalopolis(YRMRM),central China,was carried out to investigate the public’s WTP to maintain and improve ESs.We identified key influencing factors and explored how they shaped the preference heterogeneity in WTP by random forest model and surface fitting method.Our results showed that 81.4% of residents reported WTP for ESs greater than zero.Water supply,waste treatment,food supply and raw material supply were the preferred ESs for residents.Living environment factors(i.e.,extent of farmland,water and forest near the residence)were found as the key drivers of WTP.Proximity to farmland,water and forests resulted in high WTP values for a series of specific ESs.The reasons for the heterogeneity of WTP are(1)the difference in proximity to farmland,water and forest(i.e.,the contributor to ESs),(2)the divergence of local residents’preferences for ESs.This study disclosed the heterogeneity and causes of public preferences in YRMRM,which could help policy and decision makers to develop eco-compensation initiatives towards conservative and sustainable use of the environmental resources.

禽致病性大肠埃希氏菌生物被膜形成的调控机制研究进展

禽致病性大肠埃希氏菌能够引起禽类感染性细菌病,给禽类养殖业造成了重大的经济损失,并严重限制了禽类养殖业的健康发展。为了了解禽致病性大肠埃希氏菌的感染机制,论文简述了生物被膜的形成过程及其危害。细菌生物被膜的形成不但增强细菌对抗菌药物的耐药性,而且导致宿主持续和反复性感染,同时还很难被预防、控制和清除。论文还分析了普遍存在于各类细菌中的重要调控系统——群体感应、双组份系统和第二信使的信号转导途径及其调控机制,并阐述了群体感应、双组份系统和第二信使以及两系统间的互作网络对细菌生物被膜的影响。因此,了解多系统共同调控生物被膜形成的分子机制或许可以作为破坏生物被膜形成的新策略,从而为控制由生物被膜引起的感染和抗菌药物耐药性提供研究方向。

西部地区十二省份数字经济发展水平测度与碳排放影响的关系研究

随着“东数西算”工程全面启动,本文采用一种合适的、可量化的方法测度当前较我国东、中部地区数字经济发展水平存在较大差异的西部地区发展现状。一方面,本文选用2014—2020年国家统计局统计年鉴、第三产业统计年鉴、信息产业统计年鉴及目标省份统计年鉴中部分数字经济可替代性关键指标进行扩展和修正,采用改进的TOPSIS方法对西部地区十二省份的数字经济发展水平进行测度和评价;另一方面,通过构建计量模型探讨上述西部地区十二省份数字经济发展对碳排放的影响关系及其作用机制。结果显示,西部地区各省数字经济发展存在“数字鸿沟”现象,同时西部地区数字经济发展对碳排放的影响并未呈现出显著的倒“U”型非线性关系,而是处于一种发展早期所呈现的正线性相关关系。因此,本文为决策机构制定和实施西部地区数字经济与环境协调发展的相关政策提供了思路和建议,仅供参考。

Spatial quantum coherent modulation with perfect hybrid vector vortex beam based on atomic medium

The perfect hybrid vector vortex beam(PHVVB)with helical phase wavefront structure has aroused significant concern in recent years,as its beam waist does not expand with the topological charge(TC).In this work,we investigate the spatial quantum coherent modulation effect with PHVVB based on the atomic medium,and we observe the absorption characteristic of the PHVVB with different TCs under variant magnetic fields.We find that the transmission spectrum linewidth of PHVVB can be effectively maintained regardless of the TC.Still,the width of transmission peaks increases slightly as the beam size expands in hot atomic vapor.This distinctive quantum coherence phenomenon,demonstrated by the interaction of an atomic medium with a hybrid vector-structured beam,might be anticipated to open up new opportunities for quantum coherence modulation and accurate magnetic field measurement.

Ex vivo liver resection and auto-transplantation as an alternative for the treatment of liver malignancies: Progress and challenges

Hepatectomy is still the major curative treatment for patients with liver malignancies.However,it is still a big challenge to remove the tumors in the central posterior area,especially if their location involves the retrohepatic inferior vena cava and hepatic veins.Ex vivo liver resection and auto-transplantation(ELRA),a hybrid technique of the traditional liver resection and transplantation,has brought new hope to these patients and therefore becomes a valid alternative to liver transplantation.Due to its technical difficulty,ELRA is still concentrated in a few hepatobiliary centers that have experienced surgeons in both liver resection and liver transplantation.The efficacy and safety of this technique has already been demonstrated in the treatment of benign liver diseases,especially in the advanced alveolar echinococcosis.Recently,the application of ELRA for liver malignances has gained more attention.However,standardization of clinical practice norms and international consensus are still lacking.The prognostic impact in these oncologic patients also needs further evaluation.In this review,we summarized the principles and recent progresses on ELRA.

Luminescence regulation of Sb^(3+)in 0D hybrid metal halides by hydrogen bond network for optical anti-counterfeiting

The Sb^(3+) doping strategy has been proven to be an effective way to regulate the band gap and improve the photophysical properties of organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides(OIHMHs).However,the emission of Sb^(3+) ions in OIHMHs is primarily confined to the low energy region,resulting in yellow or red emissions.To date,there are few reports about green emission of Sb^(3+)-doped OIHMHs.Here,we present a novel approach for regulating the luminescence of Sb^(3+) ions in 0D C_(10)H_(2)_(2)N_(6)InCl_(7)·H_(2)O via hydrogen bond network,in which water molecules act as agents for hydrogen bonding.Sb^(3+)-doped C_(10)H_(2)2N_(6)InCl_(7)·H_(2)O shows a broadband green emission peaking at 540 nm and a high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of 80%.It is found that the intense green emission stems from the radiative recombination of the self-trapped excitons(STEs).Upon removal of water molecules with heat,C_(10)H_(2)_(2)N_(6)In_(1-x)Sb_(x)Cl_(7) generates yellow emis-sion,attributed to the breaking of the hydrogen bond network and large structural distortions of excited state.Once water molecules are adsorbed by C_(10)H_(2)_(2)N_(6)In_(1-x)Sb_(x)Cl_(7),it can subsequently emit green light.This water-induced reversible emission switching is successfully used for optical security and information encryption.Our findings expand the under-standing of how the local coordination structure influences the photophysical mechanism in Sb^(3+)-doped metal halides and provide a novel method to control the STEs emission.

A Fusion Localization Method Based on Target Measurement Error Feature Complementarity and Its Application

In the multi-radar networking system,aiming at the problem of locating long-distance targets synergistically with difficulty and low accuracy,a dual-station joint positioning method based on the target measurement error feature complementarity is proposed.For dual-station joint positioning,by constructing the target positioning error distribution model and using the complementarity of spatial measurement errors of the same long-distance target,the area with high probability of target existence can be obtained.Then,based on the target distance information,the midpoint of the intersection between the target positioning sphere and the positioning tangent plane can be solved to acquire the target's optimal positioning result.The simulation demonstrates that this method greatly improves the positioning accuracy of target in azimuth direction.Compared with the traditional the dynamic weighted fusion(DWF)algorithm and the filter-based dynamic weighted fusion(FBDWF)algorithm,it not only effectively eliminates the influence of systematic error in the azimuth direction,but also has low computational complexity.Furthermore,for the application scenarios of multi-radar collaborative positioning and multi-sensor data compression filtering in centralized information fusion,it is recommended that using radar with higher ranging accuracy and the lengths of baseline between radars are 20–100 km.

Methods to increase the diagnostic efficiency of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for solid pancreatic lesions:An updated review

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)is a means to procure adequate specimens for histological and cytologic analysis.The ideal EUS-FNA should be safe,accurate,and have a high sample adequacy rate and low adverse events rate.In recent years,many guidelines and trials on EUS-FNA have been published.The purpose of this article is to provide an update on the influence of some of the main factors on the diagnostic efficiency of EUS-FNA as well as a rare but serious complication known as needle tract seeding.

浅析矿场井下巷道快速掘进技术的应用

煤矿开采设备与工艺的进步极大地促进了矿井综合机械化开采效率的提高,但由于其智能化、自动化程度较低,造成矿场巷道掘进效率低、安全性差、开采不平衡等问题,一定程度上制约了矿井机械化开采效率与安全性的提高。为了满足高效、快速、经济掘进的需求,本文对广西佛子冲铅锌矿井下巷道快速掘进技术进行分析,以期提升井下巷道支护效率。

低温氮等离子体对聚乳酸薄膜表面性能的改性

文中利用朗缪尔探针对低温氮(N2)等离子体进行了诊断,探究了电子密度随射频功率、压强、轴线距离的变化情况。利用水接触角表征了右旋聚乳酸(PDLA)改性前后亲水性变化,探究了改性PDLA膜的最佳条件。利用原子力显微镜、X射线衍射、热重分析仪、X射线光电子能谱表征了改性前后PDLA膜的表面形貌、晶体结构、热稳定性能及表面元素的变化。通过测量拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、透光率表征了改性前后PDLA膜力学性能、阻隔性能的变化。结果表明,在最佳条件下(射频功率100W、压强25Pa、改性时间180s、轴向距离10cm),PDLA膜的接触角从89.53°下降至49.96°;改性后PDLA膜的力学性能略有降低,在放电中心处拉伸强度和断裂伸长率比原膜分别降低了26.31%(横向)、24.41%(纵向)和29.41%(横向)、28.1%(纵向);热稳定性能较原膜略有增加,阻隔性能基本保持不变;随着储存时间的延长,PDLA膜的接触角不断增加,当存储30d时,样品仍保留了部分改善的亲水性。

沉积温度对甲基硅烷化学气相沉积SiC涂层显微组织和烧蚀性能的影响

以甲基硅烷(MS)为气源,采用化学气相沉积方法于不同温度下在石墨表面制备SiC涂层,并系统研究温度对SiC涂层的沉积速率、显微组织和抗烧蚀性能的影响规律。实验结果表明:当沉积温度为1000℃时,以MS为气源的SiC涂层的沉积速率为50~120μm/h,远高于以甲基三氯硅烷为气源的沉积速率(5~10μm/h)。当沉积温度较低(900~1000℃)时,以MS为气源所制备的SiC涂层整体光滑、平整,呈球形紧密堆积形貌;沉积温度较高(1100~1200℃)时,SiC涂层呈不规则菜花状颗粒堆积形貌,且微晶尺寸明显增大;当沉积温度为1000℃时,SiC涂层具有合适的致密性、粗糙度以及尺寸均匀的显微组织,同时,该涂层经2300℃等离子烧蚀80 s后,其质量烧蚀率和线性烧蚀率分别为0.0096 mg/s和0.3750μm/s,显示优异的抗烧蚀性能。本研究为以MS为气源的化学气相沉积法制备SiC涂层提供一定的理论基础和技术支撑。

Effects of operating conditions on the performance degradation and anode microstructure evolution of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells

Performance degradation shortens the life of solid oxide fuel cells in practical applications.Revealing the degradation mechanism is crucial for the continuous improvement of cell durability.In this work,the effects of cell operating conditions on the terminal voltage and anode microstructure of a Ni-yttria-stabilized zirconia anode-supported single cell were investigated.The microstructure of the anode active area near the electrolyte was characterized by laser optical microscopy and focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy.Ni depletion at the anode/electrolyte interface region was observed after 100 h discharge tests.In addition,the long-term stability of the single cell was evaluated at 700℃for 3000 h.After an initial decline,the anode-supported single cell exhibits good durability with a voltage decay rate of 0.72%/kh and an electrode polarization resistance decay rate of 0.17%/kh.The main performance loss of the cell originates from the initial degradation.

A rabies virus-based toolkit for efficient retrograde labeling and monosynaptic tracing

Analyzing the structure and function of the brain's neural network is critical for identifying the working principles of the brain and the mechanisms of brain diseases.Recombinant rabies viral vectors allow for the retrograde labeling of projection neurons and cell type-specific trans-monosynaptic tracing,making these vectors powerful candidates for the dissection of synaptic inputs.Although several attenuated rabies viral vectors have been developed,their application in studies of functional networks is hindered by the long preparation cycle and low yield of these vectors.To overcome these limitations,we developed an improved production system for the rapid rescue and preparation of a high-titer CVS-N2c-ΔG virus.Our results showed that the new CVS-N2c-ΔG-based toolkit performed remarkably:(1)N2cG-coated CVS-N2c-ΔG allowed for efficient retrograde access to projection neurons that were unaddressed by rAAV9-Retro,and the efficiency was six times higher than that of rAAV9-Retro;(2)the trans-monosynaptic efficiency of oG-mediated CVS-N2c-ΔG was 2–3 times higher than that of oG-mediated SAD-B19-ΔG;(3)CVS-N2c-ΔG could delivery modified genes for neural activity monitoring,and the time window during which this was maintained was 3 weeks;and(4)CVS-N2c-ΔG could express sufficient recombinases for efficient transgene recombination.These findings demonstrate that new CVS-N2c-ΔG-based toolkit may serve as a versatile tool for structural and functional studies of neural circuits.

Brain-wide N2cG compensation permits glycoprotein-deleted rabies virus to trace neural circuits across multiple synapses

Rabies-viruses-based retrograde tracers can spread across multiple synapses in a retrograde direction in the nervous system of rodents and primates,making them powerful tools for determining the structure and function of the complicated neural circuits of the brain.However,they have some limitations,such as posing high risks to human health and the inability to retrograde trans-synaptic label inputs from genetically-de¯ned starter neurons.Here,we established a new retrograde trans-multi-synaptic tracing method through brain-wide rabies virus glycoprotein(RVG)compensation,followed by glycoprotein-deleted rabies virus(RV-△G)infection in specific brain regions.Furthermore,in combination with the avian tumor virus receptor A(TVA)controlled by a cell-type-specific promoter,we found that EnvA-pseudotyped RV-△G can mediate e±cient retrograde trans-multi-synaptic transduction from cell-type-specific starter neurons.This study provides new alternative methods for neuroscience researchers to analyze the input neural networks of rodents and nonhuman primates.

两起发热伴血小板减少综合征聚集性疫情流行病学及病原学分析

发热伴血小板减少综合征(severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome,SFTS)是一种新发传染病,主要通过蜱虫叮咬传播,其病原体为发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒(severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus,SFTSV)。人际传播引发的SFTS聚集性疫情在国内外均有报道,人们重点关注了人际传播的感染途径,然而SFTS聚集性疫情和病毒基因型之间的相关性研究却未见报道。本文主要报道了2022~2023年河南省信阳市发生的两起SFTS聚集性疫情,探讨了SFTSV出现人际传播感染的可能途径,并对SFTS聚集性疫情与病毒基因型进行了关联分析。通过4例确诊患者的病毒序列分析,发现两起聚集性疫情中的2组SFTSV分别聚集在隶属于不同基因型的两个分支。将本研究病毒序列与GenBank中获得的SFTS聚集性疫情报道过的病毒序列进行系统发育分析,进一步发现人际传播病例报道的SFTSV涉及3种基因型,提示SFTS聚集性疫情的发生可能和病毒基因型无明显关联。本研究表明血液接触感染可能是SFTS聚集性疫情发生的主要传播途径,为揭示SFTS聚集性疫情的人际传播链提供了遗传学证据,为SFTS的人际传播防控提供了科学数据支撑。

Monocular Depth Estimation with Sharp Boundary

Monocular depth estimation is the basic task in computer vision.Its accuracy has tremendous improvement in the decade with the development of deep learning.However,the blurry boundary in the depth map is a serious problem.Researchers find that the blurry boundary is mainly caused by two factors.First,the low-level features,containing boundary and structure information,may be lost in deep networks during the convolution process.Second,themodel ignores the errors introduced by the boundary area due to the few portions of the boundary area in the whole area,during the backpropagation.Focusing on the factors mentioned above.Two countermeasures are proposed to mitigate the boundary blur problem.Firstly,we design a scene understanding module and scale transformmodule to build a lightweight fuse feature pyramid,which can deal with low-level feature loss effectively.Secondly,we propose a boundary-aware depth loss function to pay attention to the effects of the boundary’s depth value.Extensive experiments show that our method can predict the depth maps with clearer boundaries,and the performance of the depth accuracy based on NYU-Depth V2,SUN RGB-D,and iBims-1 are competitive.

Adjusting phosphate feeding regimen according to daily rhythm increases eggshell quality via enhancing medullary bone remodeling in laying hens

Background Body phosphorus metabolism exhibits a circadian rhythm over the 24-h daily cycle.The egg laying behavior makes laying hens a very special model for investigating phosphorus circadian rhythms.There is lack of information about the impact of adjusting phosphate feeding regimen according to daily rhythm on the phosphorus homeostasis and bone remodeling of laying hens.Methods and results Two experiments were conducted.In Exp.1,Hy-Line Brown laying hens(n=45)were sampled according the oviposition cycle(at 0,6,12,and 18 h post-oviposition,and at the next oviposition,respectively;n=9 at each time point).Diurnal rhythms of body calcium/phosphorus ingestions and excretions,serum calcium/phosphorus levels,oviduct uterus calcium transporter expressions,and medullary bone(MB)remodeling were illustrated.In Exp.2,two diets with different phosphorus levels(0.32%and 0.14%non-phytate phosphorus(NPP),respectively)were alternately presented to the laying hens.Briefly,four phosphorus feeding regimens in total(each included 6 replicates of 5 hens):(1)fed 0.32%NPP at both 09:00 and 17:00;(2)fed 0.32%NPP at 09:00 and 0.14%NPP at 17:00;(3)fed 0.14%NPP at 09:00 and 0.32%NPP at 17:00;(4)fed 0.14%NPP at both 09:00 and 17:00.As a result,the regimen fed 0.14%NPP at 09:00 and 0.32%NPP at 17:00,which was designed to strengthen intrinsic phosphate circadian rhythms according to the findings in Exp.1,enhanced(P<0.05)MB remodeling(indicated by histological images,serum markers and bone mineralization gene expressions),elevated(P<0.05)oviduct uterus calcium transportation(indicated by transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 protein expression),and subsequently increased(P<0.05)eggshell thickness,eggshell strength,egg specific gravity and eggshell index in laying hens.Conclusions These results underscore the importance of manipulating the sequence of daily phosphorus ingestion,instead of simply controlling dietary phosphate concentrations,in modifying the bone remodeling process.Body phosphorus rhythms will need to be maintained during the daily eggshell calcification cycle.

Mechanoluminescent-Triboelectric Bimodal Sensors for Self-Powered Sensing and Intelligent Control

Self-powered flexible devices with skin-like multiple sensing ability have attracted great attentions due to their broad applications in the Internet of Things(IoT).Various methods have been proposed to enhance mechano-optic or electric performance of the flexible devices;however,it remains challenging to realize the display and accurate recognition of motion trajectories for intelligent control.Here,we present a fully self-powered mechanoluminescent-triboelectric bimodal sensor based on micronanostructured mechanoluminescent elastomer,which can patterned-display the force trajectories.The deformable liquid metals used as stretchable electrode make the stress transfer stable through overall device to achieve outstanding mechanoluminescence(with a gray value of 107 under a stimulus force as low as 0.3 N and more than 2000 cycles reproducibility).Moreover,a microstructured surface is constructed which endows the resulted composite with significantly improved triboelectric performances(voltage increases from 8 to 24 V).Based on the excellent bimodal sensing performances and durability of the obtained composite,a highly reliable intelligent control system by machine learning has been developed for controlling trolley,providing an approach for advanced visual interaction devices and smart wearable electronics in the future IoT era.

Crystalline-magnetism action in biomimetic mineralization of calcium carbonate

The influence of minor environmental factors,such as the geomagnetic field,on the biomineralization of nacres,is often ignored but a great deal of research has confirmed its important role in the normal mineralization of calcium carbonate.Although the geomagnetic field is weak,its cumulative effects need to be considered given that the biomineralization process can take years.Accordingly,the authors of this paper have investigated the effects of weak magnetic fields(25 Gs or 50 Gs)on calcium carbonate mineralization and analyzed the mechanism involved.The results show that even a weak magnetic field conduces to the formation of vaterite or aragonite,in the induction order of precursor→vaterite→aragonite.The stronger the magnetic field and the longer the time,the more obvious the induction effect.The effect of a magnetic field is strongest in the aging stage and weakest in the solution stage.Inductions by egg-white protein and by a magnetic field inhibit each other,but they both restrict particle growth.These findings highlight the importance of minor environmental factors for biomineralization and can serve as a reference for biomimetic preparation of a CaCO_(3)nacre-like structure and for anti-scale technology for circulating cooling water.