以京农科728等18个黄淮海区主推夏播玉米品种为研究材料,设置6月10日(S1)、6月20日(S2)和6月30日(S3)共3个播期处理,研究夏播玉米品种在不同播期条件下的籽粒灌浆特性,以期为玉米品种选择及高产栽培提供参考和指导。结果表明:(1)成熟期...以京农科728等18个黄淮海区主推夏播玉米品种为研究材料,设置6月10日(S1)、6月20日(S2)和6月30日(S3)共3个播期处理,研究夏播玉米品种在不同播期条件下的籽粒灌浆特性,以期为玉米品种选择及高产栽培提供参考和指导。结果表明:(1)成熟期百粒重在不同播期及品种间存在极显著差异,不同播期间表现为S1(35.20 g)>S2(33.45 g)>S3(31.38 g);不同品种间变幅为28.50 g(华美1号)~36.37 g(京农科728)。(2)籽粒平均灌浆速率(Gave)在不同播期条件下表现为S1(0.74 g 100-grain^–1 d^–1)>S2(0.65 g 100-grain^–1 d^–1)>S3(0.57 g 100-grain^–1 d^–1),S1平均灌浆速率分别比S2、S3高0.09和0.17 g 100-grain^–1 d^–1,增幅分别为13.85%和29.82%;18个品种平均灌浆速率以京农科728(0.75 g 100-grain^–1 d^–1)最高,显著高于郑单958和先玉335(0.58 g 100-grain^–1 d^–1和0.67 g 100-grain^–1 d^–1),增幅为29.31%和11.94%。(3)不同播期间参试品种产量表现为S1(10,628.67 kg hm^–2)>S2(10,207.65 kg hm^–2)>S3(9144.59 kg hm^–2),S1分别较S2、S3高4.12%、16.23%;S1与S2下产量相差不大。不同品种间,NK815、MC121、京农科729、MC812、京农科728和先玉335产量相对较高,平均为10,730.56 kg hm^–2,显著高于郑单958(10,080.85 kg hm^–2),增幅为6.44%。(4)相关分析表明,产量与平均灌浆速率(0.70^**)、粒重(0.68^**)呈极显著正相关;与活跃灌浆期(-0.36^**)呈极显著负相关,而粒重与平均灌浆速率(0.58^**)呈极显著正相关。因此,黄淮海区夏播玉米抢时早播有利于获得更高产量,玉米品种可选择种植中熟或中早熟、灌浆速率高、活跃灌浆期适中、产量水平较高的京农科728、京农科729、MC812、MC121、NK815和先玉335等。在播种较晚或积温不足地区,可选择种植中早熟、灌浆速度快的高产型品种京农科728,6月30日播种、10月16日达生理成熟,可实现玉米高产。展开更多
The germplasm resources for the S-type male sterility is rich in maize and it is resistant to Bipolaris maydis race T and CI, but the commercial application of S-type cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS-S） in maize hybr...The germplasm resources for the S-type male sterility is rich in maize and it is resistant to Bipolaris maydis race T and CI, but the commercial application of S-type cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS-S） in maize hybrid industry is greatly compromised because of its common fertility instability. Currently, the existence of multiple minor effect loci in specific nuclear genetic backgrounds was considered as the molecular mechanism for this phenomenon. In the present study, we evaluated the fertility segregation of the different populations with the fertility instable material FIL-H in two environments of Beijing and Hainan, China. Our results indicated that the fertility instability of FIL-H was regulated by multiple genes, and the expression of these genes was sensitive to environmental factors. Using RNA sequencing （RNA-seq） technology, transcriptomes of the sterile plants and partially fertile plants resulted from the backcross of FIL-HxJing 724 in Hainan were analyzed and 2 108 genes with different expression were identified, including 1 951 up-regulated and 157 down-regulated genes. The cluster analysis indicated that these differentially expressed genes （DEGs） might play roles in many biological processes, such as the energy production and conversion, carbohydrate metabolism and signal transduction. In addition, the path- way of the starch and sucrose metabolism was emphatically investigated to reveal the DEGs during the process of starch biosynthesis between sterile and partially fertile plants, which were related to the key catalytic enzymes, such as ADP-G pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase and starch branching enzyme. The up-regulation of these genes in the partially fertile plant may promote the starch accumulation in its pollen. Our data provide the important theoretical basis for the further exploration of the molecular mechanism for the fertility instability in CMS-S maize.展开更多
Understanding yield potential, yield gap and the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap in current intensive maize production is essential for meeting future food demand with the limited resources. ...Understanding yield potential, yield gap and the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap in current intensive maize production is essential for meeting future food demand with the limited resources. In this study, we conducted field experiments using different planting modes, which were basic productivity(CK), farmer practice(FP), high yield and high efficiency(HH), and super high yield(SH), to estimate the yield gap. Different factorial experiments(fertilizer, planting density, hybrids, and irrigation) were also conducted to evaluate the priority of individual management factors for reducing the yield gap between the different planting modes. We found significant differences between the maize yields of different planting modes. The treatments of CK, FP, HH, and SH achieved 54.26, 58.76, 65.77, and 71.99% of the yield potential, respectively. The yield gaps between three pairs: CK and FP, FP and HH, and HH and SH, were 0.76, 1.23 and 0.85 t ha^(–1), respectively. By further analyzing the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap between FP and HH, as well as HH and SH, we found that the priorities of the management factors(contribution rates) were plant density(13.29%)>fertilizer(11.95%)>hybrids(8.19%)>irrigation(4%) for FP to HH, and hybrids(8.94%)>plant density(4.84%)>fertilizer(1.91%) for HH to SH. Therefore, increasing the planting density of FP was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between FP and HH, while choosing hybrids with density and lodging tolerance was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between HH and SH.展开更多
文摘以京农科728等18个黄淮海区主推夏播玉米品种为研究材料,设置6月10日(S1)、6月20日(S2)和6月30日(S3)共3个播期处理,研究夏播玉米品种在不同播期条件下的籽粒灌浆特性,以期为玉米品种选择及高产栽培提供参考和指导。结果表明:(1)成熟期百粒重在不同播期及品种间存在极显著差异,不同播期间表现为S1(35.20 g)>S2(33.45 g)>S3(31.38 g);不同品种间变幅为28.50 g(华美1号)~36.37 g(京农科728)。(2)籽粒平均灌浆速率(Gave)在不同播期条件下表现为S1(0.74 g 100-grain^–1 d^–1)>S2(0.65 g 100-grain^–1 d^–1)>S3(0.57 g 100-grain^–1 d^–1),S1平均灌浆速率分别比S2、S3高0.09和0.17 g 100-grain^–1 d^–1,增幅分别为13.85%和29.82%;18个品种平均灌浆速率以京农科728(0.75 g 100-grain^–1 d^–1)最高,显著高于郑单958和先玉335(0.58 g 100-grain^–1 d^–1和0.67 g 100-grain^–1 d^–1),增幅为29.31%和11.94%。(3)不同播期间参试品种产量表现为S1(10,628.67 kg hm^–2)>S2(10,207.65 kg hm^–2)>S3(9144.59 kg hm^–2),S1分别较S2、S3高4.12%、16.23%;S1与S2下产量相差不大。不同品种间,NK815、MC121、京农科729、MC812、京农科728和先玉335产量相对较高,平均为10,730.56 kg hm^–2,显著高于郑单958(10,080.85 kg hm^–2),增幅为6.44%。(4)相关分析表明,产量与平均灌浆速率(0.70^**)、粒重(0.68^**)呈极显著正相关;与活跃灌浆期(-0.36^**)呈极显著负相关,而粒重与平均灌浆速率(0.58^**)呈极显著正相关。因此,黄淮海区夏播玉米抢时早播有利于获得更高产量,玉米品种可选择种植中熟或中早熟、灌浆速率高、活跃灌浆期适中、产量水平较高的京农科728、京农科729、MC812、MC121、NK815和先玉335等。在播种较晚或积温不足地区,可选择种植中早熟、灌浆速度快的高产型品种京农科728,6月30日播种、10月16日达生理成熟,可实现玉米高产。
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-year Plan period(2014BAD01B09)the Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation,China(2014ZZ-68)+2 种基金the Sci-Technology Innovation Project of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science(BAAFS),China(KJCX20140202)the Innovative Team Construction Project of BAAFS,China(JNKYT201603)the Postdoctoral Scientific Fund of BAAFS,China(2014013)
文摘The germplasm resources for the S-type male sterility is rich in maize and it is resistant to Bipolaris maydis race T and CI, but the commercial application of S-type cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS-S） in maize hybrid industry is greatly compromised because of its common fertility instability. Currently, the existence of multiple minor effect loci in specific nuclear genetic backgrounds was considered as the molecular mechanism for this phenomenon. In the present study, we evaluated the fertility segregation of the different populations with the fertility instable material FIL-H in two environments of Beijing and Hainan, China. Our results indicated that the fertility instability of FIL-H was regulated by multiple genes, and the expression of these genes was sensitive to environmental factors. Using RNA sequencing （RNA-seq） technology, transcriptomes of the sterile plants and partially fertile plants resulted from the backcross of FIL-HxJing 724 in Hainan were analyzed and 2 108 genes with different expression were identified, including 1 951 up-regulated and 157 down-regulated genes. The cluster analysis indicated that these differentially expressed genes （DEGs） might play roles in many biological processes, such as the energy production and conversion, carbohydrate metabolism and signal transduction. In addition, the path- way of the starch and sucrose metabolism was emphatically investigated to reveal the DEGs during the process of starch biosynthesis between sterile and partially fertile plants, which were related to the key catalytic enzymes, such as ADP-G pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase and starch branching enzyme. The up-regulation of these genes in the partially fertile plant may promote the starch accumulation in its pollen. Our data provide the important theoretical basis for the further exploration of the molecular mechanism for the fertility instability in CMS-S maize.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300106)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601247)for their financial support。
文摘Understanding yield potential, yield gap and the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap in current intensive maize production is essential for meeting future food demand with the limited resources. In this study, we conducted field experiments using different planting modes, which were basic productivity(CK), farmer practice(FP), high yield and high efficiency(HH), and super high yield(SH), to estimate the yield gap. Different factorial experiments(fertilizer, planting density, hybrids, and irrigation) were also conducted to evaluate the priority of individual management factors for reducing the yield gap between the different planting modes. We found significant differences between the maize yields of different planting modes. The treatments of CK, FP, HH, and SH achieved 54.26, 58.76, 65.77, and 71.99% of the yield potential, respectively. The yield gaps between three pairs: CK and FP, FP and HH, and HH and SH, were 0.76, 1.23 and 0.85 t ha^(–1), respectively. By further analyzing the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap between FP and HH, as well as HH and SH, we found that the priorities of the management factors(contribution rates) were plant density(13.29%)>fertilizer(11.95%)>hybrids(8.19%)>irrigation(4%) for FP to HH, and hybrids(8.94%)>plant density(4.84%)>fertilizer(1.91%) for HH to SH. Therefore, increasing the planting density of FP was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between FP and HH, while choosing hybrids with density and lodging tolerance was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between HH and SH.
