To investigate the effects of rigid-gas-permeable contact lens(RGP-CL)wear on Zernike astigmatism and visual performance in myopic eyes.Methods:A wavefront sensor was used to evaluate Zernike astigmatism for 21 eyes w...To investigate the effects of rigid-gas-permeable contact lens(RGP-CL)wear on Zernike astigmatism and visual performance in myopic eyes.Methods:A wavefront sensor was used to evaluate Zernike astigmatism for 21 eyes with minimum astigmatism and 18 eyes with moderate astigmatism under three different modes of refractive correction:the RGP-CL,spectacle lens correcting spherical equivalent(SL)and spectacle lens fully correcting spherical error and astigmatism(fSL).Contrast visual acuity was assessed with a VA tester at four contrast levels and two luminance backgrounds.Results:Compared to the SL wear,RGP-CL wear changed the main axis astigmatism(Z_(2)^(2))from0:09-0:34 to 0.34-0.22 for the minimum astigmatism group,while the contrast VA was improved about 0.05 LogMAR(F=8:06,p<0:01).For the group with moderate astigmatism,significant reduction in Z_(2)^(2)was found for both fSL wear(t=4:78,p<0:001)and RGP-CL wear(t=6:29,p<0:0001).The changes in astigmatism were significantly correlated between the fSL and RGP-CL wears(r=0:897,p<0:0001 for Z_(2)^(-2);and r=0:643,p=0:004 for Z_(2)^(2)).Contrast VA was significantly improved for both fSL and RGP-CL wears and the improvements were significantly correlated between each other for all four contrast levels and two backgrounds.Conclusion:RGP-CL wear induces astigmatism for the eyes with minor astigmatism probably due to a correction of corneal astigmatism and thus a manifesting of the lens astigmatism.For the astigmatic eyes,RGP-CL wear has similar effect on correcting astigmatism as the spectacle lens wear with spherical-cylinder correction and also produces similar visual improvement.展开更多
Biliary cryptosporidiosis caused by Cryptosporidium is life-threatening in immunocompromised individuals,particularly those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS),resulting in AIDS cholangiopathy.However,studi...Biliary cryptosporidiosis caused by Cryptosporidium is life-threatening in immunocompromised individuals,particularly those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS),resulting in AIDS cholangiopathy.However,studies of biliary cryptosporidiosis have lagged due to the lack of in vitro models that allow complete pathogen development.Here we describe procedures for the generation of mouse cholangiocyte organoids(Chol-orgs).The Chol-orgs,which expressed stem and biliary cell markers,could be clonally expanded for three months and stored in liquid nitrogen for more than one year.Combined with cell differentiation using the air-liquid interface(ALI)approach,we established a culture system for C.parvum.ALI cultures using Chol-orgs have supported50-fold amplification of the pathogen and generated viable oocysts in vitro.In addition,we analyzed the transcriptome of Chol-ALI cultures infected with the IId subtype of C.parvum to characterize host cell responses.RNA-seq analysis revealed that C.parvum upregulated immune and inflammatory responses and downregulated metabolic and cell proliferation signaling pathways in Cholorgs.A similar system using bovine cholangiocytes also supported the complete development of C.parvum in vitro.These in vitro models provide convenient methods to study biliary cryptosporidiosis and other hepatic infections and to develop effective therapies for AIDS cholangiopathy.展开更多
基金This study was supported by funding from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81170869)Grant for Ophthalmology Innovative Research Team of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2011R09039-08).The authors declare that they have no competing commercial interests.
文摘To investigate the effects of rigid-gas-permeable contact lens(RGP-CL)wear on Zernike astigmatism and visual performance in myopic eyes.Methods:A wavefront sensor was used to evaluate Zernike astigmatism for 21 eyes with minimum astigmatism and 18 eyes with moderate astigmatism under three different modes of refractive correction:the RGP-CL,spectacle lens correcting spherical equivalent(SL)and spectacle lens fully correcting spherical error and astigmatism(fSL).Contrast visual acuity was assessed with a VA tester at four contrast levels and two luminance backgrounds.Results:Compared to the SL wear,RGP-CL wear changed the main axis astigmatism(Z_(2)^(2))from0:09-0:34 to 0.34-0.22 for the minimum astigmatism group,while the contrast VA was improved about 0.05 LogMAR(F=8:06,p<0:01).For the group with moderate astigmatism,significant reduction in Z_(2)^(2)was found for both fSL wear(t=4:78,p<0:001)and RGP-CL wear(t=6:29,p<0:0001).The changes in astigmatism were significantly correlated between the fSL and RGP-CL wears(r=0:897,p<0:0001 for Z_(2)^(-2);and r=0:643,p=0:004 for Z_(2)^(2)).Contrast VA was significantly improved for both fSL and RGP-CL wears and the improvements were significantly correlated between each other for all four contrast levels and two backgrounds.Conclusion:RGP-CL wear induces astigmatism for the eyes with minor astigmatism probably due to a correction of corneal astigmatism and thus a manifesting of the lens astigmatism.For the astigmatic eyes,RGP-CL wear has similar effect on correcting astigmatism as the spectacle lens wear with spherical-cylinder correction and also produces similar visual improvement.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030109)111 Project(D20008)+2 种基金Double First-class Discipline Promotion Project(2023B10564003)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20258)supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangzhou City(202201010140)。
文摘Biliary cryptosporidiosis caused by Cryptosporidium is life-threatening in immunocompromised individuals,particularly those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS),resulting in AIDS cholangiopathy.However,studies of biliary cryptosporidiosis have lagged due to the lack of in vitro models that allow complete pathogen development.Here we describe procedures for the generation of mouse cholangiocyte organoids(Chol-orgs).The Chol-orgs,which expressed stem and biliary cell markers,could be clonally expanded for three months and stored in liquid nitrogen for more than one year.Combined with cell differentiation using the air-liquid interface(ALI)approach,we established a culture system for C.parvum.ALI cultures using Chol-orgs have supported50-fold amplification of the pathogen and generated viable oocysts in vitro.In addition,we analyzed the transcriptome of Chol-ALI cultures infected with the IId subtype of C.parvum to characterize host cell responses.RNA-seq analysis revealed that C.parvum upregulated immune and inflammatory responses and downregulated metabolic and cell proliferation signaling pathways in Cholorgs.A similar system using bovine cholangiocytes also supported the complete development of C.parvum in vitro.These in vitro models provide convenient methods to study biliary cryptosporidiosis and other hepatic infections and to develop effective therapies for AIDS cholangiopathy.
