Ti-6Al-4V/ELI钛合金250℃裂纹扩展性能

高温环境下裂纹扩展性能是进行航空金属结构损伤容限设计的重要依据。本工作测定典型航空钛合金Ti-6Al-4V/ELI在两种温度(25℃和250℃)、三种应力比(0.06,0.5,–1)下的裂纹扩展性能;采用割线法处理实验数据,获得材料的裂纹扩展速率da/d N-ΔK曲线和da/d N-ΔK-R曲面,进行裂纹扩展性能对比分析;通过疲劳断口SEM分析高温和载荷联合作用对裂纹扩展性能的影响机理。结果表明:在相同的应力强度因子变程ΔK下,疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/d N随着应力比R的增加而变快;Ti-6Al-4V/ELI的高温断口表面可见氧化产物和大量二次裂纹,温度升高导致材料裂纹扩展过程逐渐由解理断裂向准解理断裂转变;氧化产物的加速作用和二次裂纹分支的减速作用共同影响材料的裂纹扩展性能,应力比R为0.5或0.06时,氧化加速和分支减速作用基本相抵,裂纹扩展受温度变化影响并不明显,拉压加载下应力比为R为–1时,二次裂纹受温度与载荷的充分影响密集萌生并深化,使得Ti-6Al-4V/ELI在高温环境下裂纹扩展速率慢于室温下扩展速率。

Static Pull and Push Bending Properties of RTM-made TWF Composite Tee-joints

This paper deals with static pull and push bending tests on two-dimensional （2D） orthogonal EW220/5284 twill weave fabric （TWF） composite tee-joints processed with the resin transfer moulding （RTM） technique. Static pull and push bending properties are determined and failure initiation mechanism is deduced from experimental observations. The experiments show that the failure initiation load, on average, is greater for push bending than for pull bending, whereas the scatter is smaller for push bending than for pull bending. The failure mode of RTM-made tee-joints in pull bending tests can be reckoned to be characteristic of debonding of resin matrix at the interface between the triangular resin-rich zone and the curved web of tee-joint until complete separation of the curved web from the bottom plate. In contrast, as distinct from the products subject to pull bending loading, the RTM tee-joints in push bending tests experience matrix cracking and fibre fracture from outer layers to inner layers of the bottom plate until catastrophic collapse resulting from the bending. Three-dimensional finite element （FE） models are presented to simulate the load transfer path and failure initiation mechanism of RTM-made TWF composite tee-joint based on the maximum stress criterion. Good correlation between experimental and numerical results is achieved.

Static mechanical properties of hybrid RTM-made composite Ⅰ-and Ⅱ-beams under three-point flexure

Abstract This paper deals with three-point flexure tests on hybrid I- and II-beams, made out of multi-layer carbon fiber/epoxy resin （including twill woven fabric CF3031/5284 and unidirectional cord fabric U3160/5284） reinforced composites, processed using the RTM （resin transfer molding） technique. Static bending properties were determined and failure initiation mechanism was deduced from experimental observations. Failure mode of the tested hybrid RTM-made I-beams can be reckoned to be characteristic of the delamination from the cutout edge within the web and the debonding propagation along the interface between the inverted triangular resin-rich zone and the adjacent curved web until local buckling within the curved webs around the conjunction fillet region. In contrast, as distinct from hybrid RTM I-beams subjected to three-point bending loading, hybrid RTM-made H-beams in three-point flexure tests experienced the resin debonding in the inverted triangular resin-rich zones and the debonding propagation along the interface between the inverted triangular resin-rich zone and the adjacent curved web until complete separation of the curved web from the flange. Progressive damage models （PDMs） were presented to predict fail- ure loads and process of hybrid RTM-made I- and N-beams under three-point flexure. Good cor- relation was achieved between experimental and numerical results.

High-cycle fatigue behavior of Co-based superalloy 9CrCo at elevated temperatures

A modified model is developed to characterize and evaluate high-cycle fatigue behavior of Co-based superalloy 9CrCo at elevated temperatures by considering the stress ratio effect. The model is informed by the relationship surface between maximum nominal stress, stress ratio and fatigue life. New formulae are derived to deal with the test data for estimating the parameters of the proposed model. Fatigue tests are performed on Co-based superalloy 9CrCo subjected to con- stant amplitude loading at four stress ratios of -1, -0.3, 0.5 and 0.9 in three environments of room temperature （i.e., about 25 ℃） and elevated temperatures of 530 ℃ and 620 ℃, and the interaction mechanisms between the elevated temperature and stress ratio are deduced and compared with each other from fractographic studies. Finally, the model is applied to experimental data, demonstrating the practical and effective use of the proposed model. It is shown that new model has good correlation with experimental results.

Material parameter modeling and solution technique using birth–death element for notched metallic panel repaired with bonded composite patch

This paper seeks to outline a novel three-layer model and a new birth-dteath element solution technique to evaluate static strength of notched metallic panel repaired with bonded com- posite patch and to optimize material parameters. The higher order 3D, 8-node isotropic solid ele- ment and 8-node anisotropic layered solid element with three degrees of freedom per node are respectively implemented to model substrate panel, adhesive layer and composite patch to establish three-layer model of repaired panel. The new solving technique based on birth-death element is developed to allow solution of the stress pattern of repaired panel for identifying failure mode. The new model and its solution are used to model failure mode and residual strength of repaired panel, and the obtained results have a good agreement with the experimental findings. Finally, the influences of material parameter of adhesive layer and composite patch on the residual strength of repaired panel are investigated for optimizing material properties to meet operational and envi- ronmental constraints.

Temperature effect on buckling properties of ultra-thin-walled lenticular collapsible composite tube subjected to axial compression

This paper seeks to outline the temperature effect on the buckling properties of ultra-thin-walled lenticular collapsible composite tube（LCCT） subjected to axial compression.The buckling tests of the LCCT specimens subjected to axial compression were carried out on INSTRON-500 N servo-hydraulic machine in dry state and at the temperatures of 25 C, 100 C and 80 C. The load–displacement curves and buckling initiation loads were measured and the buckling initiation mechanism was discussed from experimental observations. Experiments show that the buckling initiation load, on average, is only about 2.2% greater at the low temperature of 80 C than at the room temperature of 25 C due to the material hardening, demonstrating an insignificant increase in the buckling initiation load, whereas it is about 19.5% lower at the high temperature of 100 C than at the room temperature owing to the material softening, implying a significant decrease in the buckling initiation load. The failure mode of the LCCT in axial compression tests at three different temperatures can be reckoned to be characteristic of the buckling initiation and propagation around the central region until rupture. The finite element（FE） model is presented to simulate the buckling initiation mechanism based on the eigenvalue-based methodology. Good correlation between experimental and numerical results is achieved.

Analytical Solution for Predicting In-plane Elastic Shear Properties of 2D Orthogonal PWF Composites

This paper proposes a new analytical solution to predict the shear modulus of a two-dimensional（2D） plain weave fabric（PWF） composite accounting for the interaction of orthogonal interlacing strands with coupled shear deformation modes including not only relative bending but also torsion,etc.The two orthogonal yarns in a micromechanical unit cell are idealized as curved beams with a path depicted by using sinusoidal shape functions.The internal forces and macroscopic deformations carried by the yarn families,together with macroscopic shear modulus of PWFs are derived by means of a strain energy approach founded on micromechanics.Three sets of experimental data pertinent to three kinds of 2D orthogonal PWF composites have been implemented to validate the new model.The calculations from the new model are also compared with those by using two models in the earlier literature.It is shown that the experimental results correlate well with predictions from the new model.