Carbon nanocages bridged with graphene enable fast kinetics for dual-carbon lithium-ion capacitors

Lithium-ion capacitors(LICs) combining the advantages of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors are considered a promising nextgeneration energy storage device. However, the sluggish kinetics of battery-type anode cannot match the capacitor-type cathode, restricting the development of LICs. Herein, hierarchical carbon framework(HCF) anode material composed of 0D carbon nanocage bridged with 2D graphene network are developed via a template-confined synthesis process. The HCF with nanocage structure reduces the Li^(+) transport path and benefits the rapid Li^(+) migration, while 2D graphene network can promote the electron interconnecting of carbon nanocages. In addition, the doped N atoms in HCF facilitate to the adsorption of ions and enhance the pseudo contribution, thus accelerate the kinetics of the anode. The HCF anode delivers high specific capacity, remarkable rate capability. The LIC pouch-cell based on HCF anode and active HCF(a-HCF) cathode can provide a high energy density of 162 Wh kg^(-1) and a superior power density of 15.8 kW kg^(-1), as well as a long cycling life exceeding 15,000cycles. This study demonstrates that the well-defined design of hierarchical carbon framework by incorporating 0D carbon nanocages and 2D graphene network is an effective strategy to promote LIC anode kinetics and hence boost the LIC electrochemical performance.

Robust Information Hiding Based on Neural Style Transfer with Artificial Intelligence

This paper proposes an artificial intelligence-based robust information hiding algorithm to address the issue of confidential information being susceptible to noise attacks during transmission.The algorithm we designed aims to mitigate the impact of various noise attacks on the integrity of secret information during transmission.The method we propose involves encoding secret images into stylized encrypted images and applies adversarial transfer to both the style and content features of the original and embedded data.This process effectively enhances the concealment and imperceptibility of confidential information,thereby improving the security of such information during transmission and reducing security risks.Furthermore,we have designed a specialized attack layer to simulate real-world attacks and common noise scenarios encountered in practical environments.Through adversarial training,the algorithm is strengthened to enhance its resilience against attacks and overall robustness,ensuring better protection against potential threats.Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm successfully enhances the concealment and unknowability of secret information while maintaining embedding capacity.Additionally,it ensures the quality and fidelity of the stego image.The method we propose not only improves the security and robustness of information hiding technology but also holds practical application value in protecting sensitive data and ensuring the invisibility of confidential information.

Atmospheric transmission algorithm for pulsed X-rays from high-altitude nuclear detonations based on scattering correction

In high-altitude nuclear detonations,the proportion of pulsed X-ray energy can exceed 70%,making it a specific monitoring signal for such events.These pulsed X-rays can be captured using a satellite-borne X-ray detector following atmospheric transmission.To quantitatively analyze the effects of different satellite detection altitudes,burst heights,and transmission angles on the physical processes of X-ray transport and energy fluence,we developed an atmospheric transmission algorithm for pulsed X-rays from high-altitude nuclear detonations based on scattering correction.The proposed method is an improvement over the traditional analytical method that only computes direct-transmission X-rays.The traditional analytical method exhibits a maximum relative error of 67.79% compared with the Monte Carlo method.Our improved method reduces this error to within 10% under the same conditions,even reaching 1% in certain scenarios.Moreover,its computation time is 48,000 times faster than that of the Monte Carlo method.These results have important theoretical significance and engineering application value for designing satellite-borne nuclear detonation pulsed X-ray detectors,inverting nuclear detonation source terms,and assessing ionospheric effects.

Large-Scale Carbon Dioxide Storage in Salt Caverns:Evaluation of Operation,Safety,and Potential in China

Underground salt cavern CO_(2) storage(SCCS)offers the dual benefits of enabling extensive CO_(2) storage and facilitating the utilization of CO_(2) resources while contributing the regulation of the carbon market.Its economic and operational advantages over traditional carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)projects make SCCS a more cost-effective and flexible option.Despite the widespread use of salt caverns for storing various substances,differences exist between SCCS and traditional salt cavern energy storage in terms of gas-tightness,carbon injection,brine extraction control,long-term carbon storage stability,and site selection criteria.These distinctions stem from the unique phase change characteristics of CO_(2) and the application scenarios of SCCS.Therefore,targeted and forward-looking scientific research on SCCS is imperative.This paper introduces the implementation principles and application scenarios of SCCS,emphasizing its connections with carbon emissions,carbon utilization,and renewable energy peak shaving.It delves into the operational characteristics and economic advantages of SCCS compared with other CCUS methods,and addresses associated scientific challenges.In this paper,we establish a pressure equation for carbon injection and brine extraction,that considers the phase change characteristics of CO_(2),and we analyze the pressure during carbon injection.By comparing the viscosities of CO_(2) and other gases,SCCS’s excellent sealing performance is demonstrated.Building on this,we develop a long-term stability evaluation model and associated indices,which analyze the impact of the injection speed and minimum operating pressure on stability.Field countermeasures to ensure stability are proposed.Site selection criteria for SCCS are established,preliminary salt mine sites suitable for SCCS are identified in China,and an initial estimate of achievable carbon storage scale in China is made at over 51.8-77.7 million tons,utilizing only 20%-30%volume of abandoned salt caverns.This paper addresses key scientific and engineering challenges facing SCCS and determines crucial technical parameters,such as the operating pressure,burial depth,and storage scale,and it offers essential guidance for implementing SCCS projects in China.

Low-Enthalpy and High-Entropy Polymer Electrolytes for Li-Metal Battery

lonic-conductive solid-state polymer electrolytes are promising for the development of advanced lithium batteries yet a deeper understanding of their underlying ion-transfer mechanism is needed to improve performance.Here we demonstrate the low-enthalpy and high-entropy(LEHE)electrolytes can intrinsically generate remarkably free ions and high mobility,enabling them to efficiently drive lithium-ion storage.The LEHE electrolytes are constructed on the basis of introducing CsPbl_(3)perovskite quantum dots(PQDs)to strengthen PEO@LiTFSI complexes.An extremely stable cycling>1000 h at 0.3 mA cm^(-2)can be delivered by LEHE electrolytes.Also,the as-developed Li|LEHE|LiFePO_(4)cell retains 92.3%of the initial capacity(160.7 mAh g^(-1))after 200 cycles.This cycling stability is ascribed to the suppressed charge concentration gradient leading to free lithium dendrites.It is realized by a dramatic increment in lithium-ion transference number(0.57 vs 0.19)and a significant decline in ion-transfer activation energy(0.14 eV vs 0.22 eV)for LEHE electrolytes comparing with PEO@LiTFSI counterpart.The CsPbl_(3)PQDs promote highly structural disorder by inhibiting crystallization and hence endow polymer electrolytes with low melting enthalpy and high structural entropy,which in turn facilitate long-term cycling stability and excellent rate-capability of lithium-metal batteries.

未来教育新生态建构的趋势与关键

人工智能的高速发展和普及,推动人工智能与教育的深度融合在智能到治理、智能到质量和智能到秩序三个层次展开。人工智能与教育的深度融合将催生未来教育新生态,其主要特征是:学生、教师和校长的个人人工智能智能体的应用,定制式课堂和沉浸式课堂的出现,过程性评价和素养评价的普及,以及丰富的人工智能生成资源可供应用和选择。打造中国特色的未来教育新生态,应关注教育信创、全域数字孪生、全程人工智能赋能、强化科学教育和素质教育以及提升师生数字素养与技能等关键要素。

A Model for Detecting Fake News by Integrating Domain-Specific Emotional and Semantic Features

With the rapid spread of Internet information and the spread of fake news,the detection of fake news becomes more and more important.Traditional detection methods often rely on a single emotional or semantic feature to identify fake news,but these methods have limitations when dealing with news in specific domains.In order to solve the problem of weak feature correlation between data from different domains,a model for detecting fake news by integrating domain-specific emotional and semantic features is proposed.This method makes full use of the attention mechanism,grasps the correlation between different features,and effectively improves the effect of feature fusion.The algorithm first extracts the semantic features of news text through the Bi-LSTM(Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory)layer to capture the contextual relevance of news text.Senta-BiLSTM is then used to extract emotional features and predict the probability of positive and negative emotions in the text.It then uses domain features as an enhancement feature and attention mechanism to fully capture more fine-grained emotional features associated with that domain.Finally,the fusion features are taken as the input of the fake news detection classifier,combined with the multi-task representation of information,and the MLP and Softmax functions are used for classification.The experimental results show that on the Chinese dataset Weibo21,the F1 value of this model is 0.958,4.9% higher than that of the sub-optimal model;on the English dataset FakeNewsNet,the F1 value of the detection result of this model is 0.845,1.8% higher than that of the sub-optimal model,which is advanced and feasible.

Constructive Robust Steganography Algorithm Based on Style Transfer

Traditional information hiding techniques achieve information hiding by modifying carrier data,which can easily leave detectable traces that may be detected by steganalysis tools.Especially in image transmission,both geometric and non-geometric attacks can cause subtle changes in the pixels of the image during transmission.To overcome these challenges,we propose a constructive robust image steganography technique based on style transformation.Unlike traditional steganography,our algorithm does not involve any direct modifications to the carrier data.In this study,we constructed a mapping dictionary by setting the correspondence between binary codes and image categories and then used the mapping dictionary to map secret information to secret images.Through image semantic segmentation and style transfer techniques,we combined the style of secret images with the content of public images to generate stego images.This type of stego image can resist interference during public channel transmission,ensuring the secure transmission of information.At the receiving end,we input the stego image into a trained secret image reconstruction network,which can effectively reconstruct the original secret image and further recover the secret information through a mapping dictionary to ensure the security,accuracy,and efficient decoding of the information.The experimental results show that this constructive information hiding method based on style transfer improves the security of information hiding,enhances the robustness of the algorithm to various attacks,and ensures information security.

Efficacy and safety of B-ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of primary liver cancer: Systematic review and metaanalysis

BACKGROUND Primary liver cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies in the world.Tradi-tional treatment methods have limitations in terms of efficacy and safety.Ra-diofrequency ablation(RFA)guided by B-ultrasound,as a minimally invasive treatment,has attracted increasing attention in the treatment of primary liver cancer in recent years.AIM To study the efficacy and safety of RFA were compared with those of traditional surgery(TS)for treating small liver cancer.METHODS At least 2 people were required to search domestic and foreign public databases,including foreign databases such as EMBASE,PubMed and the Cochrane Library,and Chinese databases such as the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database,China Biomedical Literature database,Wanfang database and VIP database.Controlled trials of RFA vs conventional surgery for small liver cancer were retrieved from January 2008 to January 2023.They were screened and eva-luated according to the quality evaluation criteria in the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews.The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 soft-ware.RESULTS A total of 10 studies were included in this study,including 1503 patients in the RFA group and 1657 patients in the surgery group.The results of the meta-ana-lysis showed that there was no significant difference in 1-year overall survival between the two groups(P>0.05),while the 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates and 1-year,3-year and 5-year tumor-free survival rates in the surgery group were greater than those in the RFA group(P<0.05).In terms of complications,the incidence of complications in the RFA group was lower than that in the surgery group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION In terms of long-term survival,TS is better than RFA for small liver cancer patients.However,RFA has fewer complications and is safer.

智慧教育方法探索：手机游戏辅助研究教学

智能物联与泛在接入技术改变着学习方式,传统的手机辅助教学模式只是将课堂教学中部分内容简单地移植到互联网终端,没有充分发挥移动智能终端的灵活性和趣味性。基于学习内容碎片化和移动通信技术创新,提出了面向辅助教学的泛在学习理论,充分利用碎片时间与移动学习的优势,使得碎片化学习成为可能。然后,论证了游戏辅助教学的可行性,包括协同学习网络、情境认知理论、泛在学习方式3个部分。进一步提出了以学习者为中心的游戏辅助教学模型,由游戏辅助教学策略、学习者和教学设计模型构成,更关注预期教学目标实现和学习粘性保持。最后,通过两门课程的手机辅助教学实验结果验证了泛在学习理论的可行性和有效性,并使得手机游戏辅助教学成为传统课堂教学的有益补充。

双亲性聚合物稠油降黏剂的合成及降黏性能

采用具有疏水结构的丁苯烯(PB)和具有亲水结构的丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)、2-丙烯酰胺-2甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)合成双亲性聚合物。聚合物链中的苯环结构可嵌进稠油沥青质的板结结构中,进入稠油内部聚合物链上的亲水基团可促进O/W乳状液的形成,进而降低稠油黏度。聚合物的红外光谱、热重分析、凝胶渗透色谱结果表明,单体AM,AA,AMPS和PB均参与了共聚,较高的热解温度(250℃)保证了降黏剂的热稳定性,较低的相对分子质量(8×10^4~10×10^4)之间有利于降黏剂进入到稠油的“内部”。以绥中36-1脱气稠油(SZ)和江汉油区八面河稠油(BMH)为降黏处理对象,降黏剂在一定条件下(70℃,质量分数为0.5%和0.6%),降黏率分别为86.14%和83.85%,表明双亲性聚合物具有优良的降黏效果,且在一定条件下(70℃,质量分数0.5%),降低油水体积比(低于6∶4)可有效提高降黏效果。

义务教育阶段信息科技课程的时代性与科学性——《义务教育信息科技课程标准(2022年版)》解读

进入数字时代,信息科技教育被赋予新的使命与责任。发展全民数字素养、提高全民数字技能,成为数字时代信息科技教育的根本任务。义务教育信息科技课程应帮助全体学生提升应用信息科技手段解决学习与生活中问题的能力,理解信息科技给人们学习、生活和工作带来的各种影响以及对于信息社会发展的重要意义,为全民数字素养与技能提升奠定坚实基础。义务教育阶段的信息科技课程研制,必须坚持时代性和科学性,关注素养表现、学科逻辑、课程内容、情境案例、学业质量五个环节,充分实现迭代和优化,服务立德树人、发展素质教育。

一种水上目标可见光图像生成红外图像的方法

红外警戒系统、红外成像制导导弹等军事装备在进行性能评估和模拟训练过程中都需要大量红外仿真图像,但目前红外仿真软件普遍存在生成红外仿真图像逼真度差、软件普适性不好等问题,且国外技术封锁造成我国红外仿真软件发展缓慢。因此,针对国内可见光图像仿真技术日趋成熟的现状,为提高红外仿真图像质量,本文提出了一种采用循环生成对抗网络、由可见光图像生成红外仿真图像的方法,并通过实验验证该算法是有效可行的。该算法首先通过区域生长算法从采集的可见光图像中提取水上目标,建立了水上目标可见光图像生成红外图像的训练数据集;然后利用训练好的网络生成红外仿真图像。测试实验表明,采用这种方法所生成的水上目标红外仿真图像视觉效果接近真实红外图像,可实际应用于海军红外军事装备模拟试验和训练系统。

基于长短记忆网络的舰船航迹预测方法

在复杂海洋环境航行中,对航迹的准确预测是保障舰船安全、有效航行的重要基础。提出一种基于长短记忆网络模型的舰船航迹预测方法,该方法利用历史时刻舰船运动状态序列预测未来时刻舰船运动状态,进而预测舰船航迹。利用长短记忆网络(LSTM)对舰船运动序列模型进行训练学习,建立舰船运动状态预测模型,实现航迹预测。该模型具有长记忆功能,能够利用较长期舰船运动状态变化趋势预测舰船运动状态。最后仿真实验结果表明论文所提方法的有效性。

义务教育阶段信息科技课程建设路径研究

在教育部正式印发的义务教育课程方案(2022年版)中,信息科技作为独立科目第一次列为国家课程。该文围绕义务教育阶段信息科技课程的建设路径,提出了课程标准、教材建设、资源开发、教师培训、教学实践、学业评价以及反馈迭代和优化推广共八个关键要素,并逐个分析了八个关键要素的地位、作用和相互关系,进而提出落实信息科技课程建设的可行道路。最后,还讨论了信息科技教学中一线老师急需的指引、辅助、环境。

Recent advances in carbon nanostructures prepared from carbon dioxide for high-performance supercapacitors

The burgeoning global economy during the past decades gives rise to the continuous increase in fossil fuels consumption and rapid growth of CO_(2) emission,which demands an urgent exploration into green and sustainable devices for energy storage and power management.Supercapacitors based on activated carbon electrodes are promising systems for highly efficient energy harvesting and power supply,but their promotion is hindered by the moderate energy density compared with batteries.Therefore,scalable conversion of CO_(2) into novel carbon nanostructures offers a powerful alternative to tackle both issues:mitigating the greenhouse effect caused by redundant atmospheric CO_(2) and providing carbon materials with enhanced electrochemical performances.In this tutorial review,the techniques,opportunities and barriers in the design and fabrication of advanced carbon materials using CO_(2) as feedstock as well as their impact on the energy-storage performances of supercapacitors are critically examined.In particular,the chemical aspects of various Cv2 conversion reactions are highlighted to establish a detailed understanding for the science and technology involved in the microstructural evolution,surface engineering and porosity control of CO_(2)-converted carbon nanostructures.Finally,the prospects and challenges associated with the industrialization of CO_(2) conversion and their practical application in supercapacitors are also discussed.

Smart City Architecture： A Technology Guide for Implementation and Design Challenges

Urban development is becoming increasingly reliant on effective use of intelligent services.In the process of providing better services to all citizens and improving the efficiency of administration processes,the concept of a smart city has been lauded as a promising solution for the coming challenge of global urbanization.However,due to the broad scope of smart cities their definition has not been standardized,thus proposed architectures are diverse.This work proposes a new architecture from the perspective of the data that underpins all the functionality of smart cities.The proposed architecture is discussed,outlining design challenges and offering insight into the development of smart cities.

Experimental study on instability mechanism and critical intensity of rainfall of high-steep rock slopes under unsaturated conditions

Two critical factors,namely intense precipitation and intricate excavation,can trigger rock mass disasters in mining operations.In this study,an indoor rainfall system was developed to precisely regulate the flow and intensity of precipitation.A large-scale model experiment was conducted on a self-designed physical simulation experiment platform to investigate the failure and instability of high-steep rock slopes under unsaturated conditions.The real-time reproduction of the progressive failure process in high-steep rock slopes enabled the determination of the critical rainfall intensity and revealed the mechanism underlying slope instability.Experiment results indicated that rainfall may be the primary factor contributing to rock mass instability,while continuous pillar mining exacerbates the extent of rock mass failure.The critical failure stage of high-steep rock slopes occurs at a rainfall intensity of 40 mm/h,whereas a rainfall exceeding 50 mm can induce critical instability and precipitation reaching up to 60 mm will result in slope failure.The improved region growing segmentation method(IRGSM)was subsequently employed for image recognition of rock mass deformation in underground mines.Herein an error comparison with the simple linear iterative cluster(SLIC)superpixel method and the original region growing segmentation method(ORGSM)showed that the average identification error in the X and Y directions by the method was reduced significantly(1.82%and 1.80%in IRGSM;4.70%and 6.26%in SLIC;9.45%and 12.40%in ORGSM).Ultimately,the relationship between rainfall intensity and failure probability was analyzed using the Monte Carlo method.Moreover,the stability assessment criteria of rock slope under unsaturated condition were quantitatively and accurately evaluated.

A safe,low-cost and high-efficiency presodiation strategy for pouch-type sodium-ion capacitors with high energy density

Sodium-ion capacitors(SICs)have attracted appreciable attention in virtue of the higher energy and power densities compared with their rivals,supercapacitors and sodium-ion batteries.Due to the lack of sodium resources in cathode,presodiation is critical for SICs to further augment performances.However,current presodiation strategy utilizes metallic sodium as the presodiation material.In this strategy,assembling/disassembling of half-cells is required,which is dangerous and in creases the time and cost of SIC leading to the restriction of their industrialization and commercialization.Herein we present a safe,low-cost and high-efficiency presodiation strategy by first employing Na_(2)C_(2)O_(4) as the sacrificial salt applied in SICs.Na_(2)C_(2)O_(4) is environmentally friendly and possesses considerably low expenditure.No additional residues remain after sodium extraction ascribed to its"zero dead mass"property.When paired with commercial activated carb on as the cathode and commercial hard carbon as the ano de,the constructed pouch-type SICs exhibit high energy and power densities of 91.7 Wh/kg and 13.1 kW/kg,respectively.This work shows a prospect of realizing the safe and low-cost manufacturing for high-performance SICs commercially.

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of NiCo_2O_4 Double-Shelled Hollow Spheres for High-Performance Sodium Ion Batteries

The ternary transitional metal oxide NiCo_2O_4 is a promising anode material for sodium ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and superior electrical conductivity. However, its sodium storage capability is severely limited by the sluggish sodiation/desodiation reaction kinetics. Herein, NiCo_2O_4 double-shelled hollow spheres were synthesized via a microwave-assisted, fast solvothermal synthetic procedure in a mixture of isopropanol and glycerol, followed by annealing. Isopropanol played a vital role in the precipitation of nickel and cobalt,and the shrinkage of the glycerol quasi-emulsion under heat treatment was responsible for the formation of the double-shelled nanostructure. The as-synthesized productwas tested as an anode material in a sodium ion battery,was found to exhibit a high reversible specific capacity of 511 m Ahg^(-1) at 100 m Ag^(-1), and deliver high capacity retention after 100 cycles.