GhWRKY75 positively regulates GhPR6-5b via binding to a W-box TTGAC(C/T)to orchestrate cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae

Verticillium dahliae is an important fungal pathogen affecting cotton yield and quality.Therefore,the mining of V.dahlia-resistance genes is urgently needed.Proteases and protease inhibitors play crucial roles in plant defense responses.However,the functions and regulatory mechanisms of the protease inhibitor PR6 gene family remain largely unknown.This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the PR6 gene family in the cotton genome.We performed genome-wide identification and functional characterization of the cotton GhPR6 gene family,which belongs to the potato protease inhibitor I family of inhibitors.Thirty-nine PR6s were identified in Gossypium arboreum,G.raimondii,G.barbadense,and G.hirsutum,and they were clustered into four groups.Based on the analysis of pathogen-induced and Ghlmm transcriptome data,Gh PR6-5b was identified as the key gene for V.dahliae resistance.Virus-induced gene silencing experiments revealed that cotton was more sensitive to V.dahliae V991after PR6-5b silencing.The present study established that GhWRKY75 plays an important role in resistance to Verticillium wilt in cotton by positively regulating GhPR6-5b expression by directly binding to the W-box TTGAC(T/C).Our findings established that GhWRKY75 is a potential candidate for improving cotton resistance to V.dahliae,and provide primary information for further investigations and the development of specific strategies to bolster the defense mechanisms of cotton against V.dahliae.

Activation of hematite photoanode synthesized at low temperature by W doping

1.Introduction Solar water splitting offers a promising approach for green hydrogen production[1].There are many ways to achieve solar water splitting,such as photocatalytic(PC)water splitting,photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting,and photovoltaicelectrocatalytic(PV-EC)water splitting[2].

Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of the Cavitation Performances of Self-Excited Oscillating Jets

Self-excited oscillating jets(SOJ)are used in several practical applications.Their performances are significantly affected by structural parameters and the target distance.In this study,a geometric model of the SOJ nozzle accounting for multiple structural parameters is introduced,then the related cavitation performances and the optimal target distance are investigated using a Large-Eddy Simulation(LES)approach.Results are also provided about an experiment,which was conducted to validate the simulation results.By analyzing the evolution of the vapor volume fraction at the nozzle outlet,a discussion is presented about the effect of the aforementioned structural parameters on the cavitation performances and the target distance.It is shown that the distribution of cavitation clouds at the outlet of the SOJ nozzle displays a non-monotonic trend(first increasing,then decreasing).Under working conditions with an inlet pressure of 4 MPa,a SOJ nozzle outlet/inlet diameter ratio(D_(1)/D_(2))of 1.2,and a chamber diameter ratio(D/L)close to 1.8,the nozzle outlet cavitation performance attains a maximum.The optimal structural parameters correspond to the optimal target distance,which is near 50 mm.The experiments have revealed that the SOJ nozzle with the above parameters displays a good cavitation erosion effect at the target distance of 50 mm,in satisfactory agreement with the numerical simulation results.

Transient Analysis of a Reactor Coolant Pump Rotor Seizure Nuclear Accident

The reactor coolant pump(RCP)rotor seizure accident is defined as a short-time seizure of the RCP rotor.This event typically leads to an abrupt flow decrease in the corresponding loop and an ensuing reactor and turbine trip.The significant reduction of core coolant flow while the reactor is being operated at full load can have very negative consequences.This potentially dangerous event is typically characterized by a complex transient behavior in terms of flow conditions and energy transformation,which need to be analyzed and understood.This study constructed transient flow and rotational speed mathematical models under various degrees of rotor seizure using the test data collected from a dedicated transient rotor seizure test system.Then,bidirectional fluid-solid coupling simulations were conducted to investigate the flow evolution mechanism.It is found that the influence of the impeller structure size and transient braking acceleration on the unsteady head(Hu)is dominant in rotor seizure accident events.Moreover,the present results also show that the rotational acceleration additional head(Hu1)is much higher than the instantaneous head(Hu2).

Cross Validation Based Model Averaging for Varying-Coefficient Models with Response Missing at Random

In this paper, a model averaging method is proposed for varying-coefficient models with response missing at random by establishing a weight selection criterion based on cross-validation. Under certain regularity conditions, it is proved that the proposed method is asymptotically optimal in the sense of achieving the minimum squared error.

微秒时间分辨的工况电化学紫外可见吸收光谱测量系统

工况光谱表征技术是深入理解电催化反应机理的有效手段,但是目前所使用的大多数工况表征技术都是基于(准)稳态的光谱技术,对发生在毫微秒时间尺度的瞬态变化过程很难直接进行观测。本研究通过在时间分辨紫外可见吸收光谱系统中引入电压脉冲,并在时间上同步电脉冲信号与光谱信号,实现了时间分辨率高达3μs的工况电化学紫外可见吸收光谱测量系统。利用此光谱系统和方法研究了水合铁等电催化剂的水氧化动力学机理,直接揭示了电催化剂表面水氧化中间物种在毫微秒时间尺度的形成、转化和反应动力学。微秒时间分辨的工况电化学紫外可见吸收光谱,可以促进电催化反应动力学机理的研究和认识,指导新型高效电催化剂的设计合成。

Quasi‑Solid Electrolyte Interphase Boosting Charge and Mass Transfer for Dendrite‑Free Zinc Battery

The practical applications of zinc metal batteries are plagued by the dendritic propagation of its metal anodes due to the limited transfer rate of charge and mass at the electrode/electrolyte interphase.To enhance the reversibility of Zn metal,a quasi-solid interphase composed by defective metal-organic framework(MOF)nanoparticles(D-UiO-66)and two kinds of zinc salts electrolytes is fabricated on the Zn surface served as a zinc ions reservoir.Particularly,anions in the aqueous electrolytes could be spontaneously anchored onto the Lewis acidic sites in defective MOF channels.With the synergistic effect between the MOF channels and the anchored anions,Zn^(2+)transport is prompted significantly.Simultaneously,such quasi-solid interphase boost charge and mass transfer of Zn^(2+),leading to a high zinc transference number,good ionic conductivity,and high Zn^(2+)concentration near the anode,which mitigates Zn dendrite growth obviously.Encouragingly,unprecedented average coulombic efficiency of 99.8%is achieved in the Zn||Cu cell with the proposed quasi-solid interphase.The cycling performance of D-UiO-66@Zn||MnO_(2)(~92.9%capacity retention after 2000 cycles)and D-UiO-66@Zn||NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)(~84.0%capacity retention after 800 cycles)prove the feasibility of the quasi-solid interphase.

Research Progress on the Solder Joint Reliability of Electronics Using in Deep Space Exploration

The spacecraft for deep space exploration missions will face extreme environments,including cryogenic temperature,intense radiation,wide-range temperature variations and even the combination of conditions mentioned above.Harsh environments will lead to solder joints degradation or even failure,resulting in damage to onboard electronics.The research activities on high reliability solder joints using in extreme environments can not only reduce the use of onboard protection devices,but effectively improve the overall reliability of spacecraft,which is of great significance to the aviation industry.In this paper,we review the reliability research on SnPb solder alloys,Sn-based lead-free solder alloys and In-based solder alloys in extreme environments,and try to provide some suggestions for the follow-up studies,which focus on solder joint reliability under extreme environments.

Smoothed Empirical Likelihood Inference for Nonlinear Quantile Regression Models with Missing Response

In this paper, three smoothed empirical log-likelihood ratio functions for the parameters of nonlinear models with missing response are suggested. Under some regular conditions, the corresponding Wilks phenomena are obtained and the confidence regions for the parameter can be constructed easily.

基于次磷酸铝的高抗冲聚乳酸材料的阻燃改性

针对高抗冲聚乳酸材料阻燃性差的缺点,文中以次磷酸铝(AP)为阻燃剂,研究了其对聚乳酸、聚碳酸酯、抗冲改性剂和增容剂构成的高抗冲材料PLA-PC/ADR/BPM的阻燃性能、燃烧性能和热分解行为的影响。结果表明,AP有效改善了PLA-PC/ADR/BPM的阻燃性能。当AP为19 phr时,PLA-PC/ADR/BPM通过样品厚度为3.2 mm时的垂直燃烧V-0级,氧指数达29.5%。同时,锥形量热测试结果显示,19 phr的AP使PLA-PC/ADR/BPM材料燃烧过程中热释放速率峰值、总烟释放、总热释放均出现明显下降,而高温700℃的残余物质量显著上升。热分析结果证明,PLA-PC/ADR/BPM中引入AP后,材料的热分解行为在410～550℃范围内产生显著变化,AP使得材料高温热稳定性明显提高。结合燃烧测试和热分析测试结果证明,AP可有效改善高抗冲聚乳酸PLA-PC/ADR/BPM的阻燃性能,且燃烧过程中固相阻燃作用明显。

An Efficient Electro-Competent Cells Generation Method of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris: Its Application for Plasmid Transformation and Gene Replacement

A simple and rapid method to prepare efficient electro-competent cells of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris was generated, with up to 100-fold transformation efficiencies over the existing procedures. The overnight cultures were treated with sucrose solution and micro-centrifuged at room temperature;the entire electro-competent cells generation process can be completed in 15 minutes. It overcomes the complication and time-consuming shortcomings of the traditional conjugation or electro-transformation methods in this strain. Both the replicative plasmids and non-replicative plasmids could be transformed or integrated efficiently using this method. And the DNA concentration, cells growth stage, field strength and recovery time all had influences on the transformation efficiency. In the optimal conditions, the transformation efficiency for the replicative plasmids was 109 transformants per microgram DNA, and for non-replicative plasmids was 150 transformants per microgram DNA. Further with the homology sequences, two chromosomal target genes were deleted efficiently and the knockout strains were obtained easily.

中国健康传播的研究对象、学科建设与方法:基于范式建构理论的内容分析(2009—2018)

论文从范式建构理论的视角出发,通过对2009年1月1日至2018年12月31日知网核心期刊库中相关文献的内容分析,回答了国内健康传播研究的领域、议题、层级、期刊、导向、文献与理论来源、科研力量、研究机构和主要方法等关键问题。研究发现,国内健康传播研究多集中于宏观层级且议题多元;主要理论与研究者多来自于传播学、公共卫生学和医学等学科,绝大多数论文缺乏严谨科学的研究方法。文章同时对促进国内健康传播研究提出了相应建议。

以学定教、以研促学——杭州师范大学化学一流专业建设实践探索与思考

建设一流专业是培养一流人才的保障和做强一流本科教育的基础。本文以杭州师范大学化学专业建设为例,面向浙江省中学教育改革和高考招生的特殊需求,在专业建设过程中看到成果的同时面对不足,通过对现有问题的深入分析,从人才培养质量保障体系、人才培养模式、课程体系、师资队伍建设及学科平台建设等方面探讨了化学一流专业建设的相关问题,提出了改进措施与思路、实施方案。

Revisiting Scientific Issues for Industrial Applications of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Inspired by high theoretical energy density(-2600 W h kg^(-1))and cost-effectiveness of sulfur cathode,lithium–sulfur batteries are receiving great attention and considered as one of the most promising next-generation high-energy-density batteries.However,over the past decades,the energy density and reliable safety levels as well as the commercial progress of lithium-sulfur batteries are still far from satisfactory due to the disconnection and huge gap between fundamental research and practical application.

植酸钙/聚磷酸铵膨胀阻燃剂对增韧改性聚乳酸性能的影响

针对难以同时获得具有高阻燃性和高韧性聚乳酸(PLA)的现状,文中将聚磷酸铵和植酸钙复配形成膨胀阻燃剂加入到通过动态硫化法制备的韧性聚乳酸/不饱和聚酯共混物中(TPLA),详细研究了二者配比对TPLA阻燃性能、燃烧行为、热性能以及力学性能的影响。热重分析表明,该膨胀阻燃剂的引入并没有破坏TPLA的热稳定性,反而提高了其高温残炭量。极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧和锥形量热测试结果显示,该复配阻燃剂对TPLA表现出优异的阻燃性能,添加质量分数10%聚磷酸铵和5%植酸钙后,TPLA可以通过UL-94V-0级,LOI达到27%;与纯PLA相比,改性后TPLA的峰值热释放速率和总热释放分别下降57.5%和69.5%。力学测试结果表明,阻燃TPLA的断裂伸长率和缺口冲击强度相比聚乳酸有大幅上升,分别为聚乳酸的7.6倍和6.5倍。

High?Index?Faceted Ni_3S_2 Branch Arrays as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Efficient Water Splitting

For efficient electrolysis of water for hydrogen generation or other valueadded chemicals, it is highly relevant to develop low-temperature synthesis of low-cost and high-e ciency metal sulfide electrocatalysts on a large scale. Herein, we construct a new core–branch array and binder-free electrode by growing Ni_3S_2 nanoflake branches on an atomic-layer-deposited(ALD) TiO_2 skeleton. Through induced growth on the ALD-TiO_2 backbone, cross-linked Ni_3S_2 nanoflake branches with exposed { 210} highindex facets are uniformly anchored to the preformed TiO_2 core forming an integrated electrocatalyst. Such a core–branch array structure possesses large active surface area, uniform porous structure, and rich active sites of the exposed { 210 } high-index facet in the Ni_3S_2 nanoflake. Accordingly, the TiO_2@Ni_3S_2 core/branch arrays exhibit remarkable electrocatalytic activities in an alkaline medium, with lower overpotentials for both oxygen evolution reaction(220 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)) and hydrogen evolution reaction(112 m V at 10 mA cm^(-2)), which are better than those of other Ni_3S_2 counterparts. Stable overall water splitting based on this bifunctional electrolyzer is also demonstrated.

Directional construction of Cu2S branch arrays for advanced oxygen evolution reaction

Metal sulphide electrocatalyst is considered as one of the most promising low-cost candidates for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).In this work,we report a novel free-standing Cu2S branch array via a facile TiO2-induced electrodeposition-sulfurization method.Interestingly,cross-linked Cu2S nanoflake branch is strongly anchored on the TiO2 backbone forming high-quality Cu2S/TiO2/Cu2S core-branch arrays.The branch formation mechanism is also proposed.As compared to the pure Cu2S nanowire arrays,the asprepared Cu2S/TiO2/Cu2S core-branch arrays show much better alkaline OER performance with lower overpotential(284 mV at 10 mA cm^-2)and smaller Tafel slope(72 dec-1)as well as enhanced longterm durability mainly due to larger exposed area and more active electrocatalytic sites.Our work provides a new way for construction of advanced metal sulphide electrocatalysts for electrochemical energy conversion.

N-doped CoO nanowire arrays as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction

Rational design of cost-effective high-performance electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great significance for electrochemical water splitting. Herein, we adopt a nitrogen doping method to fabricate self-supported N-doped CoO nanowire arrays (N-CoO) as active electrocatalysts via a facile hydrothermal combined doping method. The N-CoO nanowires are strongly composited with the carbon cloth substrate forming free-standing electrode with reinforced stability and high electronic conductivity. Owing to the increased accessible and electroactive areas, rich/short pathways for charge transfer and enhanced electronic conductivity, the N-CoO electrode exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance for OER with a low overpotential (319 mV at 10 mA cm^-2 and 410 mV at 100 mA cm^-2) and a low Tafel slope of 74 mV dec^-1 as well as superior long-term stability with no decay in 24 h continuous test in alkaline solution. Our reported design and optimization strategy provide a promising way to construct interesting well-aligned arrays for application in energy storage and conversion.

Anti-solvent engineering for efficient semitransparent CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite solar cells for greenhouse applications

With ideal combination of benefits that selectively converts high photon energy spectrum into electricity while transmitting low energy photo ns for photos yn thesis,the CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite solar cell(BPSC)is a promising candidate for efficient greenhouse based building integrated photovoltaic(BIPV)applications.However,the efficiency of BPSCs is still much lower than their theoretical efficiency.In general,interface band alignment is regarded as the vital factor of the BPSCs whereas only few reports on enhancing perovskite film quality.In this work,highly efficient BPSCs were fabricated by improving the crystallization process of CH3NH3PbBr3 with the assistance of anti-solvents.A new anti-solvent of diphenyl ether(DPE)was developed for its strong interaction with the solvents in the perovskite precursor solution.By using the anti-solvent of DPE,trap-state density of the CH3NH3PbBr3 film is reduced and the electron lifetime is enhanced along with the large-grain crystals compared with the samples from conventional anti-solvent of chlorobenzene.Upon preliminary optimization,the efficiencies of typical and semitransparent BPSCs are improved to as high as 9.54%and 7.51%,respectively.Optical absorption measurement demonstrates that the cell without metal electrode shows 80%transparency in the wavelength range of 550-1000 nm that is perfect for greenhouse vegetation.Considering that the cell absorbs light in the blue spectrum before 550 nm,it offers very high solar cell efficiency with only 17.8%of total photons,while over 60%of total photons can transm让through for photosynthesis if a transparent electrode can be obtained such as indium doped SnO2.

Rational construction of cross-linked porous nickel arrays for efficient oxygen evolution reaction

It is important but challenging to design and fabricate an efficient and cost-effective electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER). Herein, we report free-standing 3 D nickel arrays with a cross-linked porous structure as interesting and high-performance electrocatalysts for OER via a facile one-step electrodeposition method. The 3 D nickel arrays are strongly anchored on the substrate, forming self-supported electrocatalysts with reinforced structural stability and high electrical conductivity. Because of their increased active surface area, abundant channels for electron/ion transportation and enhanced electronic conductivity, the designed 3 D nickel arrays exhibit superior electrocatalytic OER performance with a low overpotential(496 mV at 50 mA cm–2) and a small Tafel slope(43 mV dec–1) as well as long-term stability(no decay after 24 h) in alkaline solution. Our proposed rational design strategy may open up a new way to construct other advanced 3 D porous materials for widespread application in electrocatalysis.