Understanding the trade-offs among ecosystem services(ESs)at multiple scales is a key challenge to effective environmental management.However,the scale effect of ESs trade-offs in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP)has r...Understanding the trade-offs among ecosystem services(ESs)at multiple scales is a key challenge to effective environmental management.However,the scale effect of ESs trade-offs in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP)has received little attention.This study investigated the scale effects of ESs trade-offs in Bailongjiang Watershed(BLJW),a typical transitional ecotone from the Loess Plateau to the Tibetan Plateau with multiple ESs,intensive human activities and frequent geological disasters in the Eastern Margin of the QTP,China.Four key ESs including food supply(FS),soil conservation(SC),water conservation(WC),and habitat quality(HQ)in BLJW in 1990,2002,and 2016 were mapped to analyze the scale effects at the watershed,county,and township scales.The results indicated varying scale-related temporal and spatial relationships among FS,SC,WC,and HQ.The trade-offs between FS-SC and FS-WC initially increased and then decreased during 1990-2002 and 2002-2016,respectively,while the trade-offs between SC-WC,SC-HQ,HQ-WC,and HQ-FS first decreased and then increased at the same period.The magnitudes of the trade-offs among the four ESs are in the order of watershed scale>township scale>county scale.Among the major land-use types in BLJW,the trade-offs between WC-FS and between HQ-FS in farmland and grassland were higher than those of other land uses.There is a strong trade-off between SC-HQ in forestland and a weak trade-off between SC-WC in farmland and grassland.The trade-offs between the six ESs pairs varied and were scale-dependent mainly due to spatial heterogeneity in the landscape and in human activities.Understanding the ESs trade-offs at the watershed,county,and township scales provides a scientific basis for the formulation of environmental management strategies at appropriate spatial scales.At the BLJW watershed scale,more attention should be paid on farmland and grassland planning and its management,also,forestland should be enlarged if possible.At the county and township scales,land consolidation and planning should be paid more attention to develop ecological agricultural tourism and multi-functional landscapes for strategic spatial planning and integrated watershed management.展开更多
生态系统服务研究已成为生态学、地理学、环境经济学等学科的热点议题.基于Citespace与Carrot2文献分析工具,以Web of Science为数据源,本文分析了1997—2018年生态系统服务研究热点与发展趋势.结果表明:近20年来,生态系统服务研究文献...生态系统服务研究已成为生态学、地理学、环境经济学等学科的热点议题.基于Citespace与Carrot2文献分析工具,以Web of Science为数据源,本文分析了1997—2018年生态系统服务研究热点与发展趋势.结果表明:近20年来,生态系统服务研究文献数量、研究机构均明显增加,主要的发文国家有美国、英国、德国、中国、澳大利亚,其中,美国的发文量与影响力最大.综合来看,中国在生态系统服务研究方面起步较晚,近期发展势头迅猛,科研产出量显著增加;但与国际相比还存在一定差距,文献质量及影响力还有待提高,国际合作交流有待提升.生态系统服务的热点主要集中在评估方法与模型、气候变化、生物多样性、土地利用变化、权衡与协同关系、科学研究决策及管理6方面.未来亟需加强的研究方向主要包括:生态系统服务的形成机制、评估指标及方法与模型、权衡与协同关系的时空动态与影响因素、生态系统服务与人类福祉的耦合关系、面向可持续发展的生态系统服务科学研究与决策管理等.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41771196)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(No.2019QZKK0603)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFC0501701).
文摘Understanding the trade-offs among ecosystem services(ESs)at multiple scales is a key challenge to effective environmental management.However,the scale effect of ESs trade-offs in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP)has received little attention.This study investigated the scale effects of ESs trade-offs in Bailongjiang Watershed(BLJW),a typical transitional ecotone from the Loess Plateau to the Tibetan Plateau with multiple ESs,intensive human activities and frequent geological disasters in the Eastern Margin of the QTP,China.Four key ESs including food supply(FS),soil conservation(SC),water conservation(WC),and habitat quality(HQ)in BLJW in 1990,2002,and 2016 were mapped to analyze the scale effects at the watershed,county,and township scales.The results indicated varying scale-related temporal and spatial relationships among FS,SC,WC,and HQ.The trade-offs between FS-SC and FS-WC initially increased and then decreased during 1990-2002 and 2002-2016,respectively,while the trade-offs between SC-WC,SC-HQ,HQ-WC,and HQ-FS first decreased and then increased at the same period.The magnitudes of the trade-offs among the four ESs are in the order of watershed scale>township scale>county scale.Among the major land-use types in BLJW,the trade-offs between WC-FS and between HQ-FS in farmland and grassland were higher than those of other land uses.There is a strong trade-off between SC-HQ in forestland and a weak trade-off between SC-WC in farmland and grassland.The trade-offs between the six ESs pairs varied and were scale-dependent mainly due to spatial heterogeneity in the landscape and in human activities.Understanding the ESs trade-offs at the watershed,county,and township scales provides a scientific basis for the formulation of environmental management strategies at appropriate spatial scales.At the BLJW watershed scale,more attention should be paid on farmland and grassland planning and its management,also,forestland should be enlarged if possible.At the county and township scales,land consolidation and planning should be paid more attention to develop ecological agricultural tourism and multi-functional landscapes for strategic spatial planning and integrated watershed management.
文摘生态系统服务研究已成为生态学、地理学、环境经济学等学科的热点议题.基于Citespace与Carrot2文献分析工具,以Web of Science为数据源,本文分析了1997—2018年生态系统服务研究热点与发展趋势.结果表明:近20年来,生态系统服务研究文献数量、研究机构均明显增加,主要的发文国家有美国、英国、德国、中国、澳大利亚,其中,美国的发文量与影响力最大.综合来看,中国在生态系统服务研究方面起步较晚,近期发展势头迅猛,科研产出量显著增加;但与国际相比还存在一定差距,文献质量及影响力还有待提高,国际合作交流有待提升.生态系统服务的热点主要集中在评估方法与模型、气候变化、生物多样性、土地利用变化、权衡与协同关系、科学研究决策及管理6方面.未来亟需加强的研究方向主要包括:生态系统服务的形成机制、评估指标及方法与模型、权衡与协同关系的时空动态与影响因素、生态系统服务与人类福祉的耦合关系、面向可持续发展的生态系统服务科学研究与决策管理等.
