Objective:To explore the intervention mechanism of Thymoquinone in regulating NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome mediated on neuroinflammatory injury of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's dis...Objective:To explore the intervention mechanism of Thymoquinone in regulating NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome mediated on neuroinflammatory injury of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease.Methods:After establishment of the MPTP-induced PD mouse model,which was randomly divided into control group,control+TQ group,model group and model+TQ group.The effects of TQ on the motor deficits in PD mice were evaluated by open-field test and rotarod test.The effects of TQ on the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase,α-Synuclein and NLRP3 inflammasomes in midbrain of PD mice were determined by Western blot.In vivo,BV-2 cells were induced by lipopolysaccharide+and MPP to establish neuroinflammation models of Parkinson's disease.The cell supernatant was collected as conditioned medium and acted on human neuroblastoma(SH-SY5Y)cells to construct PD inflammatory injury model.MTT method determined the optimal concentration+of TQ and MPP in vitro intervention and the survival rate of cells in each intervention group;SH-SY5Y cells apoptosis was detected by TUNEL.Western blot was used to analyze the expression of Bax,Bcl-2,Caspase-3 proteins in each experimental group.The effect of TQ on the proinflammatory factor interleukin 1βby ELISA.The expression of related proteins NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-1βand Tubulin were detected by Western blot after TQ treatment.Results:Compared with normal group,the motor function of model group was significantly decreased(P<0.01),the motor function of TQ group was significantly increased(P<0.01).In Western blot experiment,compared with normal group,theα-Syn level in model group was significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with model group,TQ significantly decreased theα-Syn level of MPTP mice(P<0.01);Compared with model group,TH protein expression was significantly increased after TQ administration(P<0.01).TQ further inhibited the up-regulation of NLRP3,Caspase-1,IL-1β,ASC protein expression in PD mice(P<0.01).MTT detection found that the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells after-1+100μmol∙L MPP treatment was significantly decreased,SH-SY5Y cells damage can be+relieved after TQ treatment.TUNEL staining showed that SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP conditioned medium could induce apoptosis,and TQ pretreatment could significantly(P<0.01)reduce the apoptosis rate.Western blotting showed that MPP+conditioned medium caused the down regulation of Bcl-2/Bax in SH-SY5Y cells,while TQ inhibited the down regulation+of Bcl-2/Bax.Meanwhile,MPP conditioned medium induced the activation of Caspase-3 in SH-SY5Y cells,and caspase-3 expression was decreased by TQ(P<0.01).ELISA kit showed+that TQ inhibited MPP induced IL-1βcontent increases(P<0.01).Western blotting showed that TQ inhibited the protein expression of NLRP3,Caspase-1,IL-1βand ASC of BV-2 cells+induced by MPP(P<0.01).Conclusion:Thymoquinone can reduce the inflammatory damage of PD model neurons by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in PD model,and thus play a protective role in dopaminergic neurons.展开更多
Improving grain yield(GY)and reducing grain moisture(GM)are urgent demands for directly harvesting kernels with combine harvesters in maize production.GY and GM are both related to leaf,stem and root characteristics,b...Improving grain yield(GY)and reducing grain moisture(GM)are urgent demands for directly harvesting kernels with combine harvesters in maize production.GY and GM are both related to leaf,stem and root characteristics,but the relationships are not fully understood.To better understand these relationships,we conducted a field trial involving 12 maize hybrids with two sowing dates in 2017 and 10 maize hybrids with one sowing date in 2019.GY ranged from 6.5–14.6 t ha^(–1) in early-sown varieties and 9.3–12.7 t ha^(–1) in late-sown varieties in 2017,and 5.9–7.4 t ha^(–1) in 2019,respectively,with corresponding GM variations of 29.8–34.9%,29.4–34.5%and 31.9–37.1%at harvest.A large maximum leaf area contributed to a high yield,a fast leaf senescence rate accelerated grain dehydration in the late growth period,and a compact root structure resulted in both of high-yield and fast-grain dehydration.A strong stem improved lodging resistance but maintained a high GM at harvest,and it is challenging to combine high GY and low GM in maize.High GY co-existed with low GM in some varieties that should have a rapid grain filling,a relatively long grain-filling duration,and a rapid grain dehydration in the late growth period.A high daily temperature in the late growth period also improved GY and reduced GM by influencing grain filling and dehydration,suggesting that adjusting the sowing date should be an alternative strategy to combine high GY and low GM in kernel harvesting.展开更多
基金Natural Science Research Project of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine(No.2020sjzd03)。
文摘Objective:To explore the intervention mechanism of Thymoquinone in regulating NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome mediated on neuroinflammatory injury of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease.Methods:After establishment of the MPTP-induced PD mouse model,which was randomly divided into control group,control+TQ group,model group and model+TQ group.The effects of TQ on the motor deficits in PD mice were evaluated by open-field test and rotarod test.The effects of TQ on the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase,α-Synuclein and NLRP3 inflammasomes in midbrain of PD mice were determined by Western blot.In vivo,BV-2 cells were induced by lipopolysaccharide+and MPP to establish neuroinflammation models of Parkinson's disease.The cell supernatant was collected as conditioned medium and acted on human neuroblastoma(SH-SY5Y)cells to construct PD inflammatory injury model.MTT method determined the optimal concentration+of TQ and MPP in vitro intervention and the survival rate of cells in each intervention group;SH-SY5Y cells apoptosis was detected by TUNEL.Western blot was used to analyze the expression of Bax,Bcl-2,Caspase-3 proteins in each experimental group.The effect of TQ on the proinflammatory factor interleukin 1βby ELISA.The expression of related proteins NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-1βand Tubulin were detected by Western blot after TQ treatment.Results:Compared with normal group,the motor function of model group was significantly decreased(P<0.01),the motor function of TQ group was significantly increased(P<0.01).In Western blot experiment,compared with normal group,theα-Syn level in model group was significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with model group,TQ significantly decreased theα-Syn level of MPTP mice(P<0.01);Compared with model group,TH protein expression was significantly increased after TQ administration(P<0.01).TQ further inhibited the up-regulation of NLRP3,Caspase-1,IL-1β,ASC protein expression in PD mice(P<0.01).MTT detection found that the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells after-1+100μmol∙L MPP treatment was significantly decreased,SH-SY5Y cells damage can be+relieved after TQ treatment.TUNEL staining showed that SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP conditioned medium could induce apoptosis,and TQ pretreatment could significantly(P<0.01)reduce the apoptosis rate.Western blotting showed that MPP+conditioned medium caused the down regulation of Bcl-2/Bax in SH-SY5Y cells,while TQ inhibited the down regulation+of Bcl-2/Bax.Meanwhile,MPP conditioned medium induced the activation of Caspase-3 in SH-SY5Y cells,and caspase-3 expression was decreased by TQ(P<0.01).ELISA kit showed+that TQ inhibited MPP induced IL-1βcontent increases(P<0.01).Western blotting showed that TQ inhibited the protein expression of NLRP3,Caspase-1,IL-1βand ASC of BV-2 cells+induced by MPP(P<0.01).Conclusion:Thymoquinone can reduce the inflammatory damage of PD model neurons by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in PD model,and thus play a protective role in dopaminergic neurons.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701361)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD300301)。
文摘Improving grain yield(GY)and reducing grain moisture(GM)are urgent demands for directly harvesting kernels with combine harvesters in maize production.GY and GM are both related to leaf,stem and root characteristics,but the relationships are not fully understood.To better understand these relationships,we conducted a field trial involving 12 maize hybrids with two sowing dates in 2017 and 10 maize hybrids with one sowing date in 2019.GY ranged from 6.5–14.6 t ha^(–1) in early-sown varieties and 9.3–12.7 t ha^(–1) in late-sown varieties in 2017,and 5.9–7.4 t ha^(–1) in 2019,respectively,with corresponding GM variations of 29.8–34.9%,29.4–34.5%and 31.9–37.1%at harvest.A large maximum leaf area contributed to a high yield,a fast leaf senescence rate accelerated grain dehydration in the late growth period,and a compact root structure resulted in both of high-yield and fast-grain dehydration.A strong stem improved lodging resistance but maintained a high GM at harvest,and it is challenging to combine high GY and low GM in maize.High GY co-existed with low GM in some varieties that should have a rapid grain filling,a relatively long grain-filling duration,and a rapid grain dehydration in the late growth period.A high daily temperature in the late growth period also improved GY and reduced GM by influencing grain filling and dehydration,suggesting that adjusting the sowing date should be an alternative strategy to combine high GY and low GM in kernel harvesting.
