长江流域(Yangtze River Basin,YZRB)是中国降水集中地。在气候变暖背景下,短时强降水(Short-Duration Heavy Rainfall,SDHR)有增加趋势。2020年主汛期(6—8月)YZRB出现多轮强降水,发生了新中国成立以来仅次于1954年、1998年的流域性大...长江流域(Yangtze River Basin,YZRB)是中国降水集中地。在气候变暖背景下,短时强降水(Short-Duration Heavy Rainfall,SDHR)有增加趋势。2020年主汛期(6—8月)YZRB出现多轮强降水,发生了新中国成立以来仅次于1954年、1998年的流域性大洪水。本文利用中国气象局国家气象信息中心逐小时降水资料,分析了长江上游(YR-A)、长江中游(YR-B)和长江下游(YR-C)三个区域SDHR时空分布以及不同类型短时强降水事件(Short-Duration Heavy Rainfall Event,SDHRE)的统计特征。得到结论如下:1)受地形影响,YZRB山区降水频次增加、降水强度增强,且地形作用会增加山区SDHR的频次,进而增强山区SDHR的降水量;YZRB降水强度的空间分布依赖于SDHR降水量的空间分布。2)YZRB三个区域SDHR降水量和频次的日变化均表现为双峰型,双峰时间在YZRB区域自西向东有从夜间移向白天的趋势,这与对流活动日变化的区域差异有关;SDHR的降水量和频次具有相似的日变化,说明SDHR的降水量主要源自其降水频次的贡献。3)在三种类型SDHRE中,增长型频次最高(约62.6%),突发型频次次之(约26.9%),而持续型频次最少(约10.5%);突发型SDHRE的高发降水量最小(约30 mm),持续型SDHRE的高发降水量最大(约90 mm),而增长型SDHRE的高发降水量介于两者之间(40~60 mm)。4)不同类型SDHRE降水量的空间分布主要依赖于SDHRE频次的空间分布,增长型SDHRE因频次高于突发型和持续型,其降水量也高于后两种类型,但大别山地区因其地形作用成为持续型SDHRE的高发区,而突发型SDHRE更易在局地形成降水强度高值。展开更多
Evolutionary sequence systematics is a discipline in paleontology and biology that deals with phylogeny of organism, the main purpose of which is to understand relatives between species and taxa and to show their evol...Evolutionary sequence systematics is a discipline in paleontology and biology that deals with phylogeny of organism, the main purpose of which is to understand relatives between species and taxa and to show their evolutionary sequence. The systematics is set up on the phenetic-cladistic systematics. A number of important theoretical concepts in the cladistics are added the concept of time in the systematics. For example, the time-span between the closest sister species is considered limited in the duration of their mother species. The foundational methodology of the systematics is to analyze sister-group and character mosaic distribution, and the key to study evolutionary sequence is to understand cbaracter mosaic distribution fully. These aualyses can be executed by using computer. In the paper, the Permian Waagenophylloid coral fauna is taken as an example to illustrate the analysis on evolutionary sequence. These coral fossils are widespread in Tethyan area.Seventeen characters and a number of cbaracter states for each character used in study result from features of Waagenophylloid corals. According to principles of tbe widest distribution of character states, fossil records and ontogenesis we discerned plesiomorph character states for each character. Characters are divided into 4 ranks on the basis of their important place in pkylogeny. Based on the theory and methopology of tbe evolutionary sequence systematics the paper analyzes the sister groups and evolutionary sequence. In the examination each other between the analyses of sister groups and evolutionary sequence tbe paper found many importunt phenomena of paleontology,such as character degeneration, parallel evolution, and polydirectional clades, and distinguished a number of abnormal order. Iu the discussion to test tke rirst occurrence event8 of biostratigraphy we infer the Possible stratigraphic levels of some fossils.展开更多
Based on the study of stratigraphy and fossils, the Early Permian ocean in eastern Kunlun is recognized as a kind of reef-island ocean, in which there exist many different kinds of sediment, including patch carbonate ...Based on the study of stratigraphy and fossils, the Early Permian ocean in eastern Kunlun is recognized as a kind of reef-island ocean, in which there exist many different kinds of sediment, including patch carbonate platform, reef fades, transitional facies and deep basin sediments. It has been found that the total contents of REEs increase gradually from carbonate platform facies to deep basin facies. Meanwhile, sediments of different facies have different REE distribution patterns and different Ce anomalies. Most of the sediments of patch carbonate platform facies or reef facies are characterized by extremely negative Ce anomalies or moderately negative Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce*=0.33 to 0.55), and medium or thin-bedded limestones of transitional facies by moderately negative Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce*=0.49 to 0.60). However, sediments of deep basin facies show weak or no negative Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce*=0.69 to 1.47), among which the value of Ce/Ce* in the radiolarian chert is 1.47.展开更多
文摘长江流域(Yangtze River Basin,YZRB)是中国降水集中地。在气候变暖背景下,短时强降水(Short-Duration Heavy Rainfall,SDHR)有增加趋势。2020年主汛期(6—8月)YZRB出现多轮强降水,发生了新中国成立以来仅次于1954年、1998年的流域性大洪水。本文利用中国气象局国家气象信息中心逐小时降水资料,分析了长江上游(YR-A)、长江中游(YR-B)和长江下游(YR-C)三个区域SDHR时空分布以及不同类型短时强降水事件(Short-Duration Heavy Rainfall Event,SDHRE)的统计特征。得到结论如下:1)受地形影响,YZRB山区降水频次增加、降水强度增强,且地形作用会增加山区SDHR的频次,进而增强山区SDHR的降水量;YZRB降水强度的空间分布依赖于SDHR降水量的空间分布。2)YZRB三个区域SDHR降水量和频次的日变化均表现为双峰型,双峰时间在YZRB区域自西向东有从夜间移向白天的趋势,这与对流活动日变化的区域差异有关;SDHR的降水量和频次具有相似的日变化,说明SDHR的降水量主要源自其降水频次的贡献。3)在三种类型SDHRE中,增长型频次最高(约62.6%),突发型频次次之(约26.9%),而持续型频次最少(约10.5%);突发型SDHRE的高发降水量最小(约30 mm),持续型SDHRE的高发降水量最大(约90 mm),而增长型SDHRE的高发降水量介于两者之间(40~60 mm)。4)不同类型SDHRE降水量的空间分布主要依赖于SDHRE频次的空间分布,增长型SDHRE因频次高于突发型和持续型,其降水量也高于后两种类型,但大别山地区因其地形作用成为持续型SDHRE的高发区,而突发型SDHRE更易在局地形成降水强度高值。
文摘Evolutionary sequence systematics is a discipline in paleontology and biology that deals with phylogeny of organism, the main purpose of which is to understand relatives between species and taxa and to show their evolutionary sequence. The systematics is set up on the phenetic-cladistic systematics. A number of important theoretical concepts in the cladistics are added the concept of time in the systematics. For example, the time-span between the closest sister species is considered limited in the duration of their mother species. The foundational methodology of the systematics is to analyze sister-group and character mosaic distribution, and the key to study evolutionary sequence is to understand cbaracter mosaic distribution fully. These aualyses can be executed by using computer. In the paper, the Permian Waagenophylloid coral fauna is taken as an example to illustrate the analysis on evolutionary sequence. These coral fossils are widespread in Tethyan area.Seventeen characters and a number of cbaracter states for each character used in study result from features of Waagenophylloid corals. According to principles of tbe widest distribution of character states, fossil records and ontogenesis we discerned plesiomorph character states for each character. Characters are divided into 4 ranks on the basis of their important place in pkylogeny. Based on the theory and methopology of tbe evolutionary sequence systematics the paper analyzes the sister groups and evolutionary sequence. In the examination each other between the analyses of sister groups and evolutionary sequence tbe paper found many importunt phenomena of paleontology,such as character degeneration, parallel evolution, and polydirectional clades, and distinguished a number of abnormal order. Iu the discussion to test tke rirst occurrence event8 of biostratigraphy we infer the Possible stratigraphic levels of some fossils.
文摘Based on the study of stratigraphy and fossils, the Early Permian ocean in eastern Kunlun is recognized as a kind of reef-island ocean, in which there exist many different kinds of sediment, including patch carbonate platform, reef fades, transitional facies and deep basin sediments. It has been found that the total contents of REEs increase gradually from carbonate platform facies to deep basin facies. Meanwhile, sediments of different facies have different REE distribution patterns and different Ce anomalies. Most of the sediments of patch carbonate platform facies or reef facies are characterized by extremely negative Ce anomalies or moderately negative Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce*=0.33 to 0.55), and medium or thin-bedded limestones of transitional facies by moderately negative Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce*=0.49 to 0.60). However, sediments of deep basin facies show weak or no negative Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce*=0.69 to 1.47), among which the value of Ce/Ce* in the radiolarian chert is 1.47.
