Soya-bean oil （bean dregs） was dried in a solar energy drying system. Characteristics of the process were measured and the corresponding curves were done. The practicability of this process has been discussed. The r...Soya-bean oil （bean dregs） was dried in a solar energy drying system. Characteristics of the process were measured and the corresponding curves were done. The practicability of this process has been discussed. The results showed that the solar drying system could completely meet technological requirements of drying soy-bean oil, and it was feasible in technology to use the solar drying system to dry the vegetable oil.展开更多
Methyl levulinate(ML)is a promising green candidate for bio-based diesel fuel and fuel additives.An efficient enzyme-catalyzed process to synthesize ML from levulinic acid(LA)in methanol was developed.The catalytic ac...Methyl levulinate(ML)is a promising green candidate for bio-based diesel fuel and fuel additives.An efficient enzyme-catalyzed process to synthesize ML from levulinic acid(LA)in methanol was developed.The catalytic activity of a series of lipases including Novozyme 435(N435),NRTL IM,and 40086 was screened,and the N435 was identified as the optimal biocatalyst for the process.The effects of lipase amount,methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE)volume,methanol to LA molar ratio,reaction temperature,and magnetic stirrer speed on LA conversion and ML yield were investigated.The response surface methodology was adopted to optimize the enzymatic conversion process,and the model validation experiments showed that the predicted values corresponded well with the experimental values.A LA conversion of 90.1%and a ML yield of 89.8%were achieved under reaction conditions covering:a temperature of 45°C,a reaction time of 4.6 h,a N435 dosage of 26 mg,a methanol to LA molar ratio of 3.6:1,a MTBE volume of 3.85 mL,and a stirrer speed of 150 r/min.The N435 recycling experiment indicated that the lipase activity was quite high after 12 cycles.However,upon using crude LA prepared from carbohydrates as the reactant,the conversion of LA and the ML yield decreased due to impurities existing in the crude LA.展开更多
To reduce the conventional energy consumption in rural area of China,tobacco stems briquetting(TSB)was used as fuel during the process of tobacco flue-curing,compared with honeycomb briquette(HB).Three fire furnaces w...To reduce the conventional energy consumption in rural area of China,tobacco stems briquetting(TSB)was used as fuel during the process of tobacco flue-curing,compared with honeycomb briquette(HB).Three fire furnaces with different heat exchangers using TSB were compared using the tobacco flue-curing.The results showed that the smog temperature of TSB was higher than that of HB,the efficiency of bio-fuel system with TSB was from 43.5%to 54%,while the efficiency of traditional fuel system was 51.5%.And the cost of tobacco flue-curing per hectare with TSB and HB was$750.0 and$1282.5,respectively.It is proved that TSB is an alternative choice using for the industry of tobacco flue-curing,and the improvement in the structure of fire furnace could optimize the process of tobacco flue-curing.展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Surmounting Project of Zhengzhou City(083SGYG24123)
文摘Soya-bean oil （bean dregs） was dried in a solar energy drying system. Characteristics of the process were measured and the corresponding curves were done. The practicability of this process has been discussed. The results showed that the solar drying system could completely meet technological requirements of drying soy-bean oil, and it was feasible in technology to use the solar drying system to dry the vegetable oil.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(U1904122)the Program of Processing and Efficient Utilization of Biomass Resources of Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists(GZS2018004).
文摘Methyl levulinate(ML)is a promising green candidate for bio-based diesel fuel and fuel additives.An efficient enzyme-catalyzed process to synthesize ML from levulinic acid(LA)in methanol was developed.The catalytic activity of a series of lipases including Novozyme 435(N435),NRTL IM,and 40086 was screened,and the N435 was identified as the optimal biocatalyst for the process.The effects of lipase amount,methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE)volume,methanol to LA molar ratio,reaction temperature,and magnetic stirrer speed on LA conversion and ML yield were investigated.The response surface methodology was adopted to optimize the enzymatic conversion process,and the model validation experiments showed that the predicted values corresponded well with the experimental values.A LA conversion of 90.1%and a ML yield of 89.8%were achieved under reaction conditions covering:a temperature of 45°C,a reaction time of 4.6 h,a N435 dosage of 26 mg,a methanol to LA molar ratio of 3.6:1,a MTBE volume of 3.85 mL,and a stirrer speed of 150 r/min.The N435 recycling experiment indicated that the lipase activity was quite high after 12 cycles.However,upon using crude LA prepared from carbohydrates as the reactant,the conversion of LA and the ML yield decreased due to impurities existing in the crude LA.
基金This research was funded by the Program of Outstanding Talents and Innovative Research Teams(2011-049)The authors want to give thanks to the technical sponsor from Fangzheng combustion furnace limited company,Xuchang 461670,China.
文摘To reduce the conventional energy consumption in rural area of China,tobacco stems briquetting(TSB)was used as fuel during the process of tobacco flue-curing,compared with honeycomb briquette(HB).Three fire furnaces with different heat exchangers using TSB were compared using the tobacco flue-curing.The results showed that the smog temperature of TSB was higher than that of HB,the efficiency of bio-fuel system with TSB was from 43.5%to 54%,while the efficiency of traditional fuel system was 51.5%.And the cost of tobacco flue-curing per hectare with TSB and HB was$750.0 and$1282.5,respectively.It is proved that TSB is an alternative choice using for the industry of tobacco flue-curing,and the improvement in the structure of fire furnace could optimize the process of tobacco flue-curing.
