基于弹性波传播的高速道岔尖轨断轨识别

针对高速道岔尖轨断轨监测问题,开展基于弹性波传播的高速道岔尖轨断轨识别研究.采用显式有限元方法建立高速道岔弹性波传播特性分析模型,模型中考虑尖轨与基本轨密贴状态、滑床台板支承等约束条件,结合试验对该模型进行验证.研究不同激励频率、尖轨断轨位置及密贴状态等因素对高速道岔尖轨弹性波传播特性的影响.研究表明:在健康尖轨中,2 kHz和4 kHz弹性波能量集中,传播信号基本不受基本轨和滑床台等约束条件的影响;在断轨识别中,通过滑床台传播的信号衰减倍数大于10~9,通过尖/基轨密贴传播的信号对各个频率弹性波的断轨识别均存在显著影响;在密贴状况下,断轨位置与弹性波传播信号存在一定的关联.

Parameters studies for rail wear in high-speed railway turnouts by unreplicated saturated factorial design

Rail wear is one of the main reasons for reducing the service life of high-speed railway turnouts in China. The rail wear characteristics of high-speed railway turnouts are influenced by a large number of input parameters of the complex train-turnout system. To reproduce the actual operation conditions of railway turnouts, random distributions of these inputs need to be considered in rail wear simulation. For a given nominal layout of the high-speed railway turnout, 19 input parameters for rail wear simulation in high-speed railway turnouts are investigated based on orthogonal design of experiment. Three dynamic responses(wheel-rail friction work, normal contact force and size of contact patch) are defined as observed values and the significant factors(direction of passage, axle load, running speed, friction coefficient, and wheel and rail profiles) are determined by two unreplicated saturated factorial design methods, including the half-normal probability plot method and Dong 93 method. As part of the associated rail wear simulation, the influence of the wear models and the local elastic deformation on the rail wear was separately investigated. The calculation results for the wear models are quite different, especially for large creep mode. The local elastic deformation has a large effect on the sliding speed and rail wear and needs to be considered in the rail wear simulation.

铁路钢轨裂纹萌生的键型近场动力学预测模型

为克服经典连续介质力学在解决不连续问题时的困难,采用近场动力学方法预测铁路钢轨的裂纹萌生,以避免数学构架在不连续处的失效问题;建立了考虑轨枕支承作用的钢轨形变分析模型,分析了模型参数合理取值及收敛性,计算了车轮滚动接触荷载下的钢轨位移;根据近场动力学损伤理论,以键伸长率为指标,分别研究了车轮全滑动、粘着-滑动及无摩擦状态对铁路钢轨裂纹萌生的影响规律。计算结果表明:近场动力学模型和经典连续介质力学模型的钢轨形变计算结果十分吻合,最大计算误差均在8%以内,验证了所建近场动力学模型的正确性;当裂纹萌生于钢轨轨头时,其启裂位置不在钢轨表面,而在钢轨表面以下约2 mm的位置,与现场观察结果一致,验证了近场动力学方法在模拟铁路钢轨疲劳裂纹萌生时的适用性;当车轮荷载位于钢轨跨中时,在车轮状态由全滑动向无摩擦转变的过程中,钢轨疲劳裂纹的萌生起点位置由轨头转移到轨底、由接触斑前端转移到接触斑中心,裂纹类型由局部滚动接触疲劳裂纹转变为整体结构疲劳裂纹,键最大伸长率由1.1×10^(-3)降低到8.1×10^(-4),因此,增大切向接触应力会降低钢轨裂纹萌生寿命;当车轮荷载位于轨枕上方时,随车轮滚动状态的改变,钢轨裂纹的萌生位置始终位于轨头。