The researches of cavitation noise mainly focus on the incipiency and developing of cavitation to prevent the cavititation erosion in the hydraulic machinery, while there is few report about the collapse strength of c...The researches of cavitation noise mainly focus on the incipiency and developing of cavitation to prevent the cavititation erosion in the hydraulic machinery, while there is few report about the collapse strength of cavitation bubbles produced by water jet through the cavitation nozzle to utilize efficiently the collapse energy of cavitation bubbles. The cavitation noise signals are collected with hydrophones for the cavitation nozzle and general nozzle at the target position and the nozzle exit separately in the conditions of different standoff distance. The features of signal’s frequency spectrum and power spectrum are analyzed for various nozzles by way of classical methods. Meanwhile, based on chaotic theory, phase space reconstruction is processed and the maximum Lyapunov index is calculated separately for each cavitation signal’s time series. The results of chaotic analysis are compared with the one of conventional analysis. The analyzed data show that there are the marked differences at the spectrum between the cavitation nozzle and general nozzle at the target position while the standoff distance is 35 mm, which mainly displays at the high frequency segment (60-120 kHz). The maximum Lyapunov index calculated appear at standoff distance 35 mm, which is an optimum standoff distance for the most bubbles to collapse at the target. At the nozzle exit, the noise signal of cavitation nozzle is different from the general nozzle, which also displays at the high frequency segment. The results demonstrate that the water jet modulated by the cavitation nozzle can produce effectually cavitation, and at the target position the amplitude and energy of noise spectrum in high frequency segment for cavitation nozzle are higher than conventional nozzle and the Lyapunov index of cavitation nozzle is larger than conventional nozzle as the standoff distance is less than 55 mm. The proposed research reveals that the cavitation noise produced by collapse of cavitation bubbles attributes mainly to the high frequency segment of the spectrum, which provides references for the research on cavitation noise.展开更多
[目的]基于网络药理学预测红曲-山楂治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)的潜在分子机制,并采用蛋氨酸-胆碱缺乏NASH模型对核心信号通路之一的核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)信号通路进行实验验证。[方...[目的]基于网络药理学预测红曲-山楂治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)的潜在分子机制,并采用蛋氨酸-胆碱缺乏NASH模型对核心信号通路之一的核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)信号通路进行实验验证。[方法]通过中医药数据和分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,TCMSP)、PubChem、Swiss Target Prediction等数据库获取红曲、山楂的有效成分及靶点,运用基因组注释数据平台(Genome Annotation Database Platform,GeneCard)、在线人类孟德尔遗传(Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,OMIM)等数据库获取NASH的疾病靶点,结合Cytoscape软件构建药物-成分-靶点拓扑图;取交集靶点并筛选核心共靶基因,应用STRING数据库构建蛋白互作(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络;应用Metascape进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)和京都基因和基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)富集分析。建立大鼠NASH模型,通过一般情况、生化检验、苏木素-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色、Masson染色、聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)、免疫印迹等方式验证网络药理学分析结果。[结果]通过网络药理学共筛选出18个活性成分,54个关键靶点,GO分析结果涉及炎症、代谢、自噬、肿瘤等,KEGG结果涉及NF-κB等经典信号通路。动物实验结果显示,红曲-山楂干预可显著改善NASH小鼠脂肪变性及炎症改变情况,降低组织中白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)等炎症因子水平,降低核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)p65、NF-κB p50、NF-κB抑制蛋白-α(inhibitor of NF-κB-α,IκB-α)基因水平,下调NF-κB p65、NF-κB p50、磷酸化NF-κB-p65(phospho-NF-κB-p65,p-NF-κB p65)蛋白的表达。[结论]红曲-山楂可能通过调控NF-κB信号通路,改善NASH模型小鼠的症状,本研究结果可为红曲-山楂的临床应用提供依据。展开更多
文摘The researches of cavitation noise mainly focus on the incipiency and developing of cavitation to prevent the cavititation erosion in the hydraulic machinery, while there is few report about the collapse strength of cavitation bubbles produced by water jet through the cavitation nozzle to utilize efficiently the collapse energy of cavitation bubbles. The cavitation noise signals are collected with hydrophones for the cavitation nozzle and general nozzle at the target position and the nozzle exit separately in the conditions of different standoff distance. The features of signal’s frequency spectrum and power spectrum are analyzed for various nozzles by way of classical methods. Meanwhile, based on chaotic theory, phase space reconstruction is processed and the maximum Lyapunov index is calculated separately for each cavitation signal’s time series. The results of chaotic analysis are compared with the one of conventional analysis. The analyzed data show that there are the marked differences at the spectrum between the cavitation nozzle and general nozzle at the target position while the standoff distance is 35 mm, which mainly displays at the high frequency segment (60-120 kHz). The maximum Lyapunov index calculated appear at standoff distance 35 mm, which is an optimum standoff distance for the most bubbles to collapse at the target. At the nozzle exit, the noise signal of cavitation nozzle is different from the general nozzle, which also displays at the high frequency segment. The results demonstrate that the water jet modulated by the cavitation nozzle can produce effectually cavitation, and at the target position the amplitude and energy of noise spectrum in high frequency segment for cavitation nozzle are higher than conventional nozzle and the Lyapunov index of cavitation nozzle is larger than conventional nozzle as the standoff distance is less than 55 mm. The proposed research reveals that the cavitation noise produced by collapse of cavitation bubbles attributes mainly to the high frequency segment of the spectrum, which provides references for the research on cavitation noise.
文摘[目的]基于网络药理学预测红曲-山楂治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)的潜在分子机制,并采用蛋氨酸-胆碱缺乏NASH模型对核心信号通路之一的核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)信号通路进行实验验证。[方法]通过中医药数据和分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,TCMSP)、PubChem、Swiss Target Prediction等数据库获取红曲、山楂的有效成分及靶点,运用基因组注释数据平台(Genome Annotation Database Platform,GeneCard)、在线人类孟德尔遗传(Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,OMIM)等数据库获取NASH的疾病靶点,结合Cytoscape软件构建药物-成分-靶点拓扑图;取交集靶点并筛选核心共靶基因,应用STRING数据库构建蛋白互作(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络;应用Metascape进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)和京都基因和基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)富集分析。建立大鼠NASH模型,通过一般情况、生化检验、苏木素-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色、Masson染色、聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)、免疫印迹等方式验证网络药理学分析结果。[结果]通过网络药理学共筛选出18个活性成分,54个关键靶点,GO分析结果涉及炎症、代谢、自噬、肿瘤等,KEGG结果涉及NF-κB等经典信号通路。动物实验结果显示,红曲-山楂干预可显著改善NASH小鼠脂肪变性及炎症改变情况,降低组织中白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)等炎症因子水平,降低核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)p65、NF-κB p50、NF-κB抑制蛋白-α(inhibitor of NF-κB-α,IκB-α)基因水平,下调NF-κB p65、NF-κB p50、磷酸化NF-κB-p65(phospho-NF-κB-p65,p-NF-κB p65)蛋白的表达。[结论]红曲-山楂可能通过调控NF-κB信号通路,改善NASH模型小鼠的症状,本研究结果可为红曲-山楂的临床应用提供依据。
