深水钢悬链立管(Steel Catenary Riser,SCR)是浮式平台的主要部件,在服役条件下由于受到海洋特殊的海浪、潮汐、台风等各种环境因素的影响,极其容易发生疲劳破坏。为解决钢悬链立管在深水服役环境中受循环载荷的作用容易产生疲劳失效的...深水钢悬链立管(Steel Catenary Riser,SCR)是浮式平台的主要部件,在服役条件下由于受到海洋特殊的海浪、潮汐、台风等各种环境因素的影响,极其容易发生疲劳破坏。为解决钢悬链立管在深水服役环境中受循环载荷的作用容易产生疲劳失效的问题,采用冷金属过渡(Cold Metal Transition,CMT)打底、脉冲模式填充盖面的熔化极气体保护焊(Gas Metal Arc Welding,GMAW),开发了钢悬链立管S型铺设全自动焊工艺并进行了焊缝性能试验研究。结果表明,横向拉伸、全焊缝拉伸、侧弯、缺口断裂、冲击、宏观硬度及全尺寸疲劳等试验结果均满足SCR焊接规格书要求;SCR环焊缝通过全尺寸疲劳试验测试,所有焊缝疲劳性能满足BS7608(1993)的外径D曲线和内径E曲线的95%置信水平要求;由于CMT冷金属过渡封底为无衬垫单面焊双面成型技术,具有焊接热输入量小、无飞溅等优点,可确保焊缝根部成形与母材圆滑过渡,减小SCR焊缝应力集中,从而提高其抗疲劳性能。展开更多
对钢悬链线立管X65管线钢进行无衬垫全自动熔化极气体保护焊(Gas Metal Arc Welding,GMAW),然后对焊接接头开展疲劳试验。疲劳试验载荷值根据API RP 2A-WSD的规定进行设定,为了弥补小尺寸试件焊接残余应力的释放,对焊接后的管子测试残...对钢悬链线立管X65管线钢进行无衬垫全自动熔化极气体保护焊(Gas Metal Arc Welding,GMAW),然后对焊接接头开展疲劳试验。疲劳试验载荷值根据API RP 2A-WSD的规定进行设定,为了弥补小尺寸试件焊接残余应力的释放,对焊接后的管子测试残余应力,将残余应力作为平均应力进行考虑。在疲劳试验后,采用扫描电镜进行疲劳断口分析。试验结果表明,X65管线钢环缝无衬垫全自动GMAW焊接接头在高、中、低3个应力水平下的疲劳寿命最低值和平均值均高于API RP 2A-WSD标准的要求,疲劳断裂以盖面焊缝焊趾断裂为主。疲劳断口分析结果表明,部分试件盖面焊缝焊趾处存在微咬边缺陷,根部焊缝存在微小未熔合缺陷。展开更多
Extant Asplenium is one of the most widespread fern groups and occurs in the temperate and tropical regions. However, the fossil records of this genus are poorly documented, especially in the low latitudes. Here, a ne...Extant Asplenium is one of the most widespread fern groups and occurs in the temperate and tropical regions. However, the fossil records of this genus are poorly documented, especially in the low latitudes. Here, a new species, Asplenium sanshuiense sp. nov. is described from the early Eocene of Sanshui Basin, Guangdong Province, South China. This is the lowest modern latitude fossil record of Asplenium and the first fossil assignment of A. section Darea （Jussieu） Bak., as well as the first fossil record of Asplenium reported from South China. This new species shows that Asplenium had already spread into South China by the early Eocene and the section Darea （Jussieu） Bak. was identifiable within the genus Asplenium during that time. This new species, combined with previous fossil spore-pollen records indicates a warm and humid climate in the Sanshui Basin of the early Eocene.展开更多
文摘深水钢悬链立管(Steel Catenary Riser,SCR)是浮式平台的主要部件,在服役条件下由于受到海洋特殊的海浪、潮汐、台风等各种环境因素的影响,极其容易发生疲劳破坏。为解决钢悬链立管在深水服役环境中受循环载荷的作用容易产生疲劳失效的问题,采用冷金属过渡(Cold Metal Transition,CMT)打底、脉冲模式填充盖面的熔化极气体保护焊(Gas Metal Arc Welding,GMAW),开发了钢悬链立管S型铺设全自动焊工艺并进行了焊缝性能试验研究。结果表明,横向拉伸、全焊缝拉伸、侧弯、缺口断裂、冲击、宏观硬度及全尺寸疲劳等试验结果均满足SCR焊接规格书要求;SCR环焊缝通过全尺寸疲劳试验测试,所有焊缝疲劳性能满足BS7608(1993)的外径D曲线和内径E曲线的95%置信水平要求;由于CMT冷金属过渡封底为无衬垫单面焊双面成型技术,具有焊接热输入量小、无飞溅等优点,可确保焊缝根部成形与母材圆滑过渡,减小SCR焊缝应力集中,从而提高其抗疲劳性能。
文摘对钢悬链线立管X65管线钢进行无衬垫全自动熔化极气体保护焊(Gas Metal Arc Welding,GMAW),然后对焊接接头开展疲劳试验。疲劳试验载荷值根据API RP 2A-WSD的规定进行设定,为了弥补小尺寸试件焊接残余应力的释放,对焊接后的管子测试残余应力,将残余应力作为平均应力进行考虑。在疲劳试验后,采用扫描电镜进行疲劳断口分析。试验结果表明,X65管线钢环缝无衬垫全自动GMAW焊接接头在高、中、低3个应力水平下的疲劳寿命最低值和平均值均高于API RP 2A-WSD标准的要求,疲劳断裂以盖面焊缝焊趾断裂为主。疲劳断口分析结果表明,部分试件盖面焊缝焊趾处存在微咬边缺陷,根部焊缝存在微小未熔合缺陷。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41210001)the joint Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant Nos.41611130044,16-55-53007)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant no.161gjc28)State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy(Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,CAS)(No.163109)the Scientific Research Fund,Hongda Zhang,Sun Yat-sen University
文摘Extant Asplenium is one of the most widespread fern groups and occurs in the temperate and tropical regions. However, the fossil records of this genus are poorly documented, especially in the low latitudes. Here, a new species, Asplenium sanshuiense sp. nov. is described from the early Eocene of Sanshui Basin, Guangdong Province, South China. This is the lowest modern latitude fossil record of Asplenium and the first fossil assignment of A. section Darea （Jussieu） Bak., as well as the first fossil record of Asplenium reported from South China. This new species shows that Asplenium had already spread into South China by the early Eocene and the section Darea （Jussieu） Bak. was identifiable within the genus Asplenium during that time. This new species, combined with previous fossil spore-pollen records indicates a warm and humid climate in the Sanshui Basin of the early Eocene.
