Escin, as an internally applied anti-inflammatory agent, has been widely used in the treatment of inflammation and edema resulting from trauma or operation in the clinic. However, the effect of its external use on cut...Escin, as an internally applied anti-inflammatory agent, has been widely used in the treatment of inflammation and edema resulting from trauma or operation in the clinic. However, the effect of its external use on cutaneous inflammation and edema remains unexplored. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous effects of external use of escin were studied in carrageenan-induced paw edema and histamine-induced capillary permeability in rats, paraxylene-induced ear swelling in mice, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma in rats. Effects of external use of escin gel on prostaglandin E2(PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) were determined by ELISA. The anti-inflammatory mechanism was explored by detecting the expression of glucocorticoid receptor(GR) with Western blotting and Real-time PCR analyses, with further exploration of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(P38 MAPK) and activator protein-1(AP-1) expressions. We demonstrated that external use of escin showed significant anti-inflammatory effects on acute and chronic inflammation in different animal models and its anti-inflammatory effects might be related to down-regulation of PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-1β. The results also showed that escin exerted its anti-inflammatory effects by promoting the expression of GR, with the possible mechanism being inhibition of the expressions of GR-related signaling molecules such as NF-κB and AP-1.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of flavonoids extracted from Morus indica (FMI) on blood lipids and glucose. Methods The experimental hyperlipidemia-diabetic rats were induced by high-fat ...Objective To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of flavonoids extracted from Morus indica (FMI) on blood lipids and glucose. Methods The experimental hyperlipidemia-diabetic rats were induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and low dose of Streptozotocin (STZ). Flavonoids-treated rats were pretreated with FMI (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg). The plasma, skeletal muscle, and livers were isolated for biochemical assays, HE staining, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting analysis. Results The results showed that the body weight in flavonoids-treated (100 and 200 mg/kg) rats was reduced (P 【 0.05, 0.01) compared to HFD-fed rats. FMI obviously reduced total cholesterol (P 【 0.01), triglycerides (P 【 0.05), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P 【 0.05), increased high-density lipoprotein (P 【 0.05), and significantly decreased the atherosclerosis index (P 【 0.01); FMI (100 and 200 mg/kg) also down-regulated the elevation of blood glucose induced by STZ (P 【 0.05, 0.01); At the meantime, FMI increased hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content obviously. In addition, the results showed that the expression of hepatic CYP2E1 was markedly decreased while the expression of GLUT-4 in skeletal muscles was increased by FMI. Conclusion The above results demonstrate that the effect of FMI is related to its up-regulation of hepatic SOD activity, reduction of hepatic MDA content, down-regulation of hepatic CYP2E1 expression, and increase of GLUT-4 expression in skeletal muscle, which suggests that FMI may prevent or improve hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia caused by an excessive HFD.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81602108)
文摘Escin, as an internally applied anti-inflammatory agent, has been widely used in the treatment of inflammation and edema resulting from trauma or operation in the clinic. However, the effect of its external use on cutaneous inflammation and edema remains unexplored. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous effects of external use of escin were studied in carrageenan-induced paw edema and histamine-induced capillary permeability in rats, paraxylene-induced ear swelling in mice, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma in rats. Effects of external use of escin gel on prostaglandin E2(PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) were determined by ELISA. The anti-inflammatory mechanism was explored by detecting the expression of glucocorticoid receptor(GR) with Western blotting and Real-time PCR analyses, with further exploration of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(P38 MAPK) and activator protein-1(AP-1) expressions. We demonstrated that external use of escin showed significant anti-inflammatory effects on acute and chronic inflammation in different animal models and its anti-inflammatory effects might be related to down-regulation of PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-1β. The results also showed that escin exerted its anti-inflammatory effects by promoting the expression of GR, with the possible mechanism being inhibition of the expressions of GR-related signaling molecules such as NF-κB and AP-1.
文摘Objective To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of flavonoids extracted from Morus indica (FMI) on blood lipids and glucose. Methods The experimental hyperlipidemia-diabetic rats were induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and low dose of Streptozotocin (STZ). Flavonoids-treated rats were pretreated with FMI (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg). The plasma, skeletal muscle, and livers were isolated for biochemical assays, HE staining, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting analysis. Results The results showed that the body weight in flavonoids-treated (100 and 200 mg/kg) rats was reduced (P 【 0.05, 0.01) compared to HFD-fed rats. FMI obviously reduced total cholesterol (P 【 0.01), triglycerides (P 【 0.05), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P 【 0.05), increased high-density lipoprotein (P 【 0.05), and significantly decreased the atherosclerosis index (P 【 0.01); FMI (100 and 200 mg/kg) also down-regulated the elevation of blood glucose induced by STZ (P 【 0.05, 0.01); At the meantime, FMI increased hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content obviously. In addition, the results showed that the expression of hepatic CYP2E1 was markedly decreased while the expression of GLUT-4 in skeletal muscles was increased by FMI. Conclusion The above results demonstrate that the effect of FMI is related to its up-regulation of hepatic SOD activity, reduction of hepatic MDA content, down-regulation of hepatic CYP2E1 expression, and increase of GLUT-4 expression in skeletal muscle, which suggests that FMI may prevent or improve hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia caused by an excessive HFD.
