PIWI-interacting RNAs(pi RNAs)are a class of small noncoding RNA molecules that specifically bind to piwi protein family members to exert regulatory functions in germ cells.Recent studies have found that pi RNAs,as ti...PIWI-interacting RNAs(pi RNAs)are a class of small noncoding RNA molecules that specifically bind to piwi protein family members to exert regulatory functions in germ cells.Recent studies have found that pi RNAs,as tissue-specific molecules,both play oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles in cancer progression,including cancer cell proliferation,metastasis,chemoresistance and stemness.Additionally,the atypical manifestation of pi RNAs and PIWI proteins in various malignancies presents a promising strategy for the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the diagnosis and management of tumors.Nonetheless,the precise functions of pi RNAs in cancer progression and their underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully comprehended.This review aims to examine current research on the biogenesis and functions of pi RNA and its burgeoning importance in cancer progression,thereby offering novel perspectives on the potential utilization of pi RNAs and piwi proteins in the management and treatment of advanced cancer.展开更多
Background Recombinant human parathyroid hormone （1-34） （rhPTH （1-34）） is the first agent in a unique class of anabolic therapies acting on the skeleton. The efficacy and safety of long-term administration of rh...Background Recombinant human parathyroid hormone （1-34） （rhPTH （1-34）） is the first agent in a unique class of anabolic therapies acting on the skeleton. The efficacy and safety of long-term administration of rhPTH （1-34） in Chinese postmenopausal women had not been evaluated. This study compared the clinical efficacy and safety of rhPTH （1-34） with elcatonin for treating postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in 11 urban areas of China. Methods A total of 453 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were enrolled in an 18-month, multi-center, randomized, controlled study. They were randomized to receive either rhPTH （1-34） 20 μg （200 U） daily for 18 months, or elcatonin 20 U weekly for 12 months. Lumbar spine （L1-4） and femoral neck bone mineral density （BMD）, fracture rate, back pain as well as biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured. Adverse events were recorded. Results rhPTH （1-34） increased lumbar BMD significantly more than did elcatonin after 6, 12, and 18 months of treatment （4.3% vs. 1.9%, 6.8% vs. 2.7%, 9.5% vs. 2.9%, P 〈0.01）. There was only a small but significant increase of femoral neck BMD after 18 months （2.6%, P 〈0.01） in rhPTH groups. There were larger increases in bone turnover markers in the rhPTH （1-34） group than those in the elcatonin group after 6, 12, and 18 months （serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase （BSAP） 93.7% vs. -3.6%; 117.8% vs. -4.1%; 49.2% vs. -5.8%, P 〈0.01; urinary C-telopeptide/creatinine （CTX/Cr） 250.0% vs. -29.5%; 330.0% vs. -41.4%, 273.0% vs. -10.6%, P 〈0.01）. rhPTH （1-34） showed similar effect of pain relief as elcatonin. The incidence of clinical fractures was 5.36% （6/112） in elcatonin group and 3.2% （11/341）in rhPTH （1-34）group （P=0.303）. Both treatments were well tolerated. Hypercaluria （9.4%） and hypercalcemia （7.0%） in rhPTH （1-34） group were transient and caused no clinical symptoms. Pruritus （8.2% vs. 2.7%, P=0.044） and redness of injection site （4.4% vs. 0,P=0.024） were more frequent in rhPTH （1-34）. Nausea/vomiting （16.1% vs. 6.2%, P=0.001） and hot flushes （7.1% vs. 0.6%, P 〈0.001） were more common in elcatonin group. Conclusions rhPTH （1-34） was associated with greater increases in lumbar spine BMD and bone formation markers. It could increase femoral BMD after 18 months of treatment, rhPTH could improve back pain effectively. The results of the present study indicate that rhPTH （1-34） is an effective, safe agent in treating Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. （ChiCTR- TRC-10000924）展开更多
Background Recombinant human parathyroid hormone （1-34） （rhPTH （1-34）） given by injection is a new seventh class drug of biological products, which is prepared by adopting gene recombination technique, rhPTH （1...Background Recombinant human parathyroid hormone （1-34） （rhPTH （1-34）） given by injection is a new seventh class drug of biological products, which is prepared by adopting gene recombination technique, rhPTH （1-34） is mainly used to treat osteoporosis, especially for postmenopausal women. This study compared the clinical efficacy and safety of rhPTH （1-34） with elcatonin for treating postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in 11 urban areas of China. Methods Two hundred and five women with osteoporosis were enrolled in a 6-month, multicenter, randomized, controlled study. They were randomized to receive either rhPTH （1-34） 20 ug （200 U） daily or elcatonin 20 U weekly. Lumbar spine （L1-4） and femoral neck bone mineral density （BMD）, as well as biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured. Adverse events were recorded. Results rhPTH （1-34） increased lumbar BMD significantly more than did elcatonin at 3 months and 6 months （2.38% vs 0.59%, P 〈0.05; 5.51% vs 1.55%, P 〈0.01）, but there were no significant increases of BMD in these two groups at femoral neck. There were larger mean increases in bone markers in the rhPTH （1-34） group than in the elcatonin group at 3 months and 6 months （serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase （BSAP） 36.79% vs 0.31%; 92.42% vs -0.17%; urinary N-telopeptide/creatinine （NTX/Cr） 48.91% vs -5.32%; 68.82% vs -10.86%）. Both treatments were well tolerated and there were no significant differences detected between the two groups in the proportion of any adverse events and any serious adverse events （67.0% vs 59.0%; 0 vs 0）. Conclusions rhPTH （1-34） has more positive effects on bone formation, as shown by the larger increments of lumbar BMD and bone formation markers, than elcatonin, with only mild adverse events and no significant change in the liver, kidney or hematological indices.展开更多
基金supported by the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(2022A1515220184)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515010547)。
文摘PIWI-interacting RNAs(pi RNAs)are a class of small noncoding RNA molecules that specifically bind to piwi protein family members to exert regulatory functions in germ cells.Recent studies have found that pi RNAs,as tissue-specific molecules,both play oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles in cancer progression,including cancer cell proliferation,metastasis,chemoresistance and stemness.Additionally,the atypical manifestation of pi RNAs and PIWI proteins in various malignancies presents a promising strategy for the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the diagnosis and management of tumors.Nonetheless,the precise functions of pi RNAs in cancer progression and their underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully comprehended.This review aims to examine current research on the biogenesis and functions of pi RNA and its burgeoning importance in cancer progression,thereby offering novel perspectives on the potential utilization of pi RNAs and piwi proteins in the management and treatment of advanced cancer.
文摘Background Recombinant human parathyroid hormone （1-34） （rhPTH （1-34）） is the first agent in a unique class of anabolic therapies acting on the skeleton. The efficacy and safety of long-term administration of rhPTH （1-34） in Chinese postmenopausal women had not been evaluated. This study compared the clinical efficacy and safety of rhPTH （1-34） with elcatonin for treating postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in 11 urban areas of China. Methods A total of 453 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were enrolled in an 18-month, multi-center, randomized, controlled study. They were randomized to receive either rhPTH （1-34） 20 μg （200 U） daily for 18 months, or elcatonin 20 U weekly for 12 months. Lumbar spine （L1-4） and femoral neck bone mineral density （BMD）, fracture rate, back pain as well as biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured. Adverse events were recorded. Results rhPTH （1-34） increased lumbar BMD significantly more than did elcatonin after 6, 12, and 18 months of treatment （4.3% vs. 1.9%, 6.8% vs. 2.7%, 9.5% vs. 2.9%, P 〈0.01）. There was only a small but significant increase of femoral neck BMD after 18 months （2.6%, P 〈0.01） in rhPTH groups. There were larger increases in bone turnover markers in the rhPTH （1-34） group than those in the elcatonin group after 6, 12, and 18 months （serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase （BSAP） 93.7% vs. -3.6%; 117.8% vs. -4.1%; 49.2% vs. -5.8%, P 〈0.01; urinary C-telopeptide/creatinine （CTX/Cr） 250.0% vs. -29.5%; 330.0% vs. -41.4%, 273.0% vs. -10.6%, P 〈0.01）. rhPTH （1-34） showed similar effect of pain relief as elcatonin. The incidence of clinical fractures was 5.36% （6/112） in elcatonin group and 3.2% （11/341）in rhPTH （1-34）group （P=0.303）. Both treatments were well tolerated. Hypercaluria （9.4%） and hypercalcemia （7.0%） in rhPTH （1-34） group were transient and caused no clinical symptoms. Pruritus （8.2% vs. 2.7%, P=0.044） and redness of injection site （4.4% vs. 0,P=0.024） were more frequent in rhPTH （1-34）. Nausea/vomiting （16.1% vs. 6.2%, P=0.001） and hot flushes （7.1% vs. 0.6%, P 〈0.001） were more common in elcatonin group. Conclusions rhPTH （1-34） was associated with greater increases in lumbar spine BMD and bone formation markers. It could increase femoral BMD after 18 months of treatment, rhPTH could improve back pain effectively. The results of the present study indicate that rhPTH （1-34） is an effective, safe agent in treating Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. （ChiCTR- TRC-10000924）
文摘Background Recombinant human parathyroid hormone （1-34） （rhPTH （1-34）） given by injection is a new seventh class drug of biological products, which is prepared by adopting gene recombination technique, rhPTH （1-34） is mainly used to treat osteoporosis, especially for postmenopausal women. This study compared the clinical efficacy and safety of rhPTH （1-34） with elcatonin for treating postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in 11 urban areas of China. Methods Two hundred and five women with osteoporosis were enrolled in a 6-month, multicenter, randomized, controlled study. They were randomized to receive either rhPTH （1-34） 20 ug （200 U） daily or elcatonin 20 U weekly. Lumbar spine （L1-4） and femoral neck bone mineral density （BMD）, as well as biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured. Adverse events were recorded. Results rhPTH （1-34） increased lumbar BMD significantly more than did elcatonin at 3 months and 6 months （2.38% vs 0.59%, P 〈0.05; 5.51% vs 1.55%, P 〈0.01）, but there were no significant increases of BMD in these two groups at femoral neck. There were larger mean increases in bone markers in the rhPTH （1-34） group than in the elcatonin group at 3 months and 6 months （serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase （BSAP） 36.79% vs 0.31%; 92.42% vs -0.17%; urinary N-telopeptide/creatinine （NTX/Cr） 48.91% vs -5.32%; 68.82% vs -10.86%）. Both treatments were well tolerated and there were no significant differences detected between the two groups in the proportion of any adverse events and any serious adverse events （67.0% vs 59.0%; 0 vs 0）. Conclusions rhPTH （1-34） has more positive effects on bone formation, as shown by the larger increments of lumbar BMD and bone formation markers, than elcatonin, with only mild adverse events and no significant change in the liver, kidney or hematological indices.
